scholarly journals Cereal consumption and indicators of cardiovascular risk in adolescent girls

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra L Franko ◽  
Ann M Albertson ◽  
Douglas R Thompson ◽  
Bruce A Barton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between cereal consumption and cardiovascular risk factors including waist, height, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in a sample of adolescent girls.DesignLongitudinal study.SettingThe study was conducted from 1987 to 1997 and data were collected at three study sites (University of California at Berkeley, University of Cincinnati and Westat Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). Mixed models were used to estimate the association between the number of days of eating cereal and these four outcome variables.SubjectsGirls (n2371) who participated in the 10-year National Heart, Lung, and Blood Growth and Health Study (NGHS) and completed a 3 d food diary in years 1–5 and 7, 8 and 10.ResultsAdolescent girls who ate cereal more often had lower waist-to-height ratio (P< 0·005), lower total cholesterol (P< 0·05) and lower LDL cholesterol (P< 0·05), taking into account sociodemographic variables, physical activity levels and total energy intake.ConclusionsFindings suggest that cereal consumption is associated with markers of cardiovascular risk and that childhood patterns of consumption may influence the development of risk factors later in adolescence.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Rebecca Mtaku Gali ◽  
Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh ◽  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Among Latinos in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik C Jiménez ◽  
Katherine L Tucker ◽  
Fátima Rodriguez ◽  
Bianca C Porneala ◽  
James B Meigs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Low blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have strong positive associations with stroke and coronary heart disease. However, it is unclear whether DHEAS is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and DHEAS concentration among a high-risk population of Latinos (Puerto Ricans aged 45 to 75 years at baseline) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Of eligible participants, 72% completed baseline interviews and provided blood samples. Complete data were available for 1355 participants. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and log-transformed DHEAS (μg/dL) were assessed. In robust multivariable regression analyses, DHEAS was significantly inversely associated with age (β = −12.4; 95% CI: −15.2, −9.7; per 5 years), being female (vs. male) (β = −46; 95% CI: −55.3, −36.6), and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = −0.2; 95% CI: −0.3, −0.1; per 10 mg/dL) and was positively associated with total cholesterol and plasma glucose levels (β = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 3 and β = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.3, respectively, per 10 mg/dL) after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, and physical activity and for postmenopausal hormone use in women. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for measures of chronic disease and inflammation. Women exhibited a stronger age-related decline in DHEAS and a positive association with glucose in contrast to findings among men (Pinteraction &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, in this large study of Latinos with a heavy cardiovascular risk factor burden, we observed significant associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and DHEAS, with variations by sex. These findings improve our understanding of the role DHEAS may play in CVD etiology.

scholarly journals Femoral Intima-media Thickness, Risk Factors, and Markers of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Jeremiás ◽  
Katalin Makó ◽  
Anca Bogdan ◽  
Ioana Miu ◽  
Alexandra Șerdean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Introduction: The burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral vascular pathologies caused by atherosclerosis is constantly increasing. There is continuous research aiming to develop new methods that can evaluate the extent of atherosclerotic disease in different vascular beds, thus estimating global risk. Similar to carotid artery thickness, which is an established marker for increased cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular disease, femoral intima-media thickness (f-IMT) may have the same role in case of peripheral arterial involvement. The aim of the study was determine whether f-IMT, determined at the level of the superficial femoral artery, is related to traditional risk factors, markers of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis and inflammation. Material and methods: Forty-six patients with known cardiovascular disease were included in the study. Demographical data, cardiovascular history, and risk factors were assessed. We determined metabolic parameters (uric acid, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), renal function (creatinine and GFR), and inflammation status for all patients. Each patient underwent ultrasound examination of the superficial femoral artery, by which f-IMT was determined for right and left limbs. Ankle-brachial index was also calculated. Data from the low (f-IMT <0.75 mm) and high (f-IMT >0.75 mm) f-IMT groups were compared and correlation coefficients were determined in each groups for f-IMT in relation to the other parameters. Results: Mean age was 71.08 ± 9.78 years. 86.95% of the patients suffered from hyper-tension, 56.62% had coronary heart disease, and 21.73% had a history of stroke. More females had history of hypertension and CAD. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (68.86%), diabetes (21.73%), and smoking (21.73%). There were significant differences between gender groups for total cholesterol levels (161.36 ± 25.04 mg/dL, 95%CI 150.26–172.47 in males vs. 201.33 ± 52.73 mg/dL, 95%CI 170.07–223.60 in females, p = 0.02), creatinine values (1.04 ± 0.22 mg/dL, 95%CI 0.94–1.14 for males vs. 0.91 ± 0.23 mg/dL, 95%CI 0.81–1.00 for females, p = 0.018), and left f-IMT (0.87 ± 0.18 mm, 95%CI 0.79–0.95 for males vs. 0.75 ± 0.10 mm, 95%CI 0.70–0.79 for females, p = 0.0049). In the group with low f-IMT, a significant, reverse correlation was established between f-IMT, uric acid (r = −0.483, p = 0.042), and right ABI (r = −730, p = 0.0006). In the group with high f-IMT, age (r = 0.408, p = 0.031), fasting glucose (r = 0.407, p = 0.034), total cholesterol (r = 0.429, p = 0.02), HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.56, p = 0.0019), triglycerides (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), hs-CRP (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), and left ABI (r = −0.71, p <0.0001) showed a significant correlation to f-IMT. Conclusions: Increased femoral intima-media thickness is related to age, cardiovascular risk factors, and markers of peripheral arterial disease. Patients with higher f-IMT have a more augmented inflammatory status. Based on these correlations, in patients with cardiovascular disease, f-IMT could become a marker for increased cardiovascular risk.

Correlation between sarcopenia and atherosclerosis/cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sousa-Coelho ◽  
M Botelho ◽  
C Guerreiro ◽  
S Pais
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Abstract Introduction Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. Uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammation and lipid abnormalities, cause decreases in muscle strength, which contributes to disease-related morbidity. Objectives The main goal of this study was to correlate the prevalence of sarcopenia with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors, mainly estimated by cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and HbA1c levels, in the elderly. Methodology A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was performed in a convenience sample of individuals aged over 60 years old recruited non-randomly. Main study variables were body composition (seca® mBCA515), muscle strength (peak torque, Humac NORM isokinetic dynamometer), risk of falls (TUG test), muscle function (LEFS) and lipids, inflammation and glycaemic profile (cobas b101-Roche®). Results Total cholesterol levels fully correlated with LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, and partially with triglycerides, but not with HDL-cholesterol levels, HbA1c, or BMI. LDL-cholesterol levels did not correlate with muscle mass (free-fat mass (%)), strength, function, or risk of falls. Similarly, HDL-cholesterol levels did not correlate with muscle function or falls risk. Cholesterol ratio, obtained by dividing total cholesterol by HDL-cholesterol levels, was significantly higher in individuals with CRP levels above 3 mg/L. Interestingly, when compared to normal values, individuals with triglycerides above 150 mg/dL showed a statistically significant decrease in muscle strength. Conclusion From the biochemical measured parameters, our data showed that only high triglycerides levels positively correlated with sarcopenia risk, demonstrated by reduced muscle strength. While cholesterol ratio positively correlated with increased inflammation, blood cholesterol levels seem to be independent factors regarding sarcopenia prevalence.

Abstract 3448: Differences in the Associations between Various Ultrasound-Based Markers of Peripheral Atherosclerosis at Carotid and Femoral Levels and Risk factors in a general Middle-Aged Population

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O Yerly ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
Fred Paccaud ◽  
Pierre Vogt ◽  
Pascal Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Plaque Area

Introduction: Ultrasound detection of sub-clinical atherosclerosis (ATS) is a useful mean to identify subjects at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Most studies have evaluated intima-media thickness (IMT) at the carotid artery level, but plaque-based markers (plaque thickness, plaque area) as well as the femoral artery level have been proposed as valid alternatives. The superiority of one method upon the others has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to compare the relationships between five indicators of ATS (IMT, mean / maximal plaque thickness, mean / maximal plaque area) at both carotid and femoral levels and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults. Methods: High resolution B-mode ultrasound was performed in both right and left carotid and femoral arteries on 496 consecutive participants aged 45– 64 randomly selected from the general population. A plaque was defined as a focal IMT thickening ≥ 1.2 mm. CVRF included age, sex, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and diabetes. Results : All CVRF were associated, independently of age, with each of the ATS markers at femoral level but only LDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were consistently associated with ATS markers at carotid level. The table shows the adjusted R-squared values in a multivariate model with all CVRF. Variance (adjusted R 2 ) in predicting any of the ATS markers was larger at femoral than carotid levels. At both carotid and femoral levels, the CVRF accounted for more variance in predicting plaque-based markers than IMT. Conclusion: The stronger association of CVRF with ATS markers at the femoral than carotid levels and with plaque-based markers than with IMT suggest that markers assessed at femoral level and based on plaque morphology might be the most useful tools for assessing cardiovascular risk. These findings need to be confirmed in prospective studies with CV events.

Association between hyperlipidemia and prostatic enlargement: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110034
Author(s):  
Güven Erbay ◽  
Gökhan Ceyhun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Prostate Size ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement

Objective: A high-fat diet is associated with the development of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), but whether hyperlipidemia is associated with BPE remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for the development of BPE. Material and methods: This study included 265 BPE patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and 248 age-matched healthy individuals without LUTS. The patient and control groups included in the study were compared in terms of fasting serum glucose, serum lipid values, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate size measured by abdominal ultrasonography. Results: The prostate sizes of the patient and healthy control group were 59.4 ± 12.6 and 41.8 ± 11.1 ml, respectively ( p = 0.007). It was observed that the mean PSA value of the patient group (2.33 ± 1.69) was statistically higher than that of the control group (1.21 ± 1.05) ( p = 0.002). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher and HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower among the patients compared to the controls. Prostate size had a negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol and a positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. Additionally, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were independent risk factors for prostate enlargement. Conclusion: This study indicates that increased levels of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol are significantly associated with the enlargement of the prostate. Hyperlipidemia may be one of the risk factors in the processes of prostatic growth and progression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia and Pre-Diabetes Among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Do We Overestimate Cardiovascular Risk?

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Krzysztof C. Lewandowski ◽  
Justyna Płusajska ◽  
Wojciech Horzelski ◽  
Andrzej Lewiński
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractPCOS is widely accepted as associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, however, without convincing evidence of an increased cardiovascular mortality. We assessed prevalence of obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidaemia in 490 women with PCOS, aged 24.75±8.05 years, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Fifty-two percent of women had BMI<26 kg/m2, 81.8% had total cholesterol<200 mg/dl, 82.8% had LDL cholesterol<130 mg/dl (48.3%<100 mg/dl), 81.4% had triglycerides<150 mg/dl, 96.08% had fasting glucose<100 mg/dl, 90.3% had glucose<140 mg/dl at 120′ of OGTT. The most frequent abnormality was low HDL cholesterol, as only 33.9% had LDL>60 mg/dl. Combination of several risk factors related to dyslipidaemia was, however, relatively rare, for example, a combination of raised total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was present only in 2.9% of subjects. An increase in BMI, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and glucose concentrations at 120′ of OGTT was more pronounced in women, who had raised concentrations of at least two androgens (n=172, 35.1%), yet there was no increase in insulin resistance parameters, that is, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, McAuley, or Belfiore index. Contrary to common belief, over 50% of women with PCOS have normal body weight, and with exception of lower HDL cholesterol, most have no significant dyslipidaemia or glucose intolerance. Women with normal or borderline abnormal androgens, who form the majority of PCOS subjects, seem to have more healthy metabolic profile. This might be one of the reasons for the absence of evidence of an increased CV mortality in women with PCOS.

Abstract P241: Culinary Herbs and Spices and the Effects on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savannah E Maxwell ◽  
Kacie M Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Introduction: There is growing attention toward the role of culinary herbs and spices in improving heart health. Bioactive compounds of culinary herbs and spices have been found to exert potential health benefits in people at risk of CVD, but no recent review has been conducted to evaluate the types of herbs and spices and their effects in this population. Objectives: The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effects of culinary herbs and spices on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in adults with risk factors for CVD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases, including Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial and Web of Science in February 2017. Studies including subjects who had associated non-modifiable risk factors (older people >70 y, menopausal women), cardiovascular disease or an associated cardiovascular event (stroke or heart attack) and associated liver or kidney complications or disease, were excluded from the review. Seventeen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess bias of the included studies. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials, 2 randomized trials, 1 non-randomized trial, 1 randomized crossover trial and 1 single-arm met inclusion criteria. In patients with Type 2 diabetes, Cinnamon at 1-1.5g/d and dichrostahys glomerata (DG), at 0.8g/d showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and LDC-cholesterol and HbA1c and cinnamon showed increased HDL-C while DG showed significant decrease in total cholesterol. Fenugreek at 10g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Nigella satvia (NS) at doses of 1-3g/d showed significant reductions in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and increases in HDL-cholesterol. Ginger at 1-2g/d doses significantly reduced fasting glucose, triglycerides, MDA, Apo B and increase Apo A-1. In obese subjects DG and ginger resulted in significant decreases in TG and DG significantly reduced systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. In subjects with hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolemia garlic at 5g/d and 20g/d doses resulted in significant decrease in TG, cholesterol and increases in HDL-C and 20g/d doses resulted in significant reductions in FBG. Conclusion: The evidence does suggest that the use of culinary herbs and spices may have beneficial effects on risk factors for CVD. Due to the presence of bias of studies there is insufficient evidence to conclude that culinary herbs and spices have significant benefits on biomarkers for CVD and that higher quality studies are needed in future research.

The correlation of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Lucia Agoston-Coldea ◽  
Teodora Mocan ◽  
Marc Gatfossé ◽  
Dan Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein A

AbstractRecent evidence shows that apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) are better indicators of coronary risk than the conventional lipid profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of apoA-I and B, and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction (MI). We performed a cross-sectional study including 208 patients (100 men and 108 women), with and without previous MI evaluated by coronary angiography. The severity of coronary heart disease was scored on the basis of the number and extent of lesions in the coronary arteries. Lipid levels were measured by the enzymatic method and apolipoprotein levels were measured by the immunoturbidimetric method. The MI group had higher plasmatic levels of lipoprotein(a) (0.37±0.28 vs. 0.29±0.23 g/L, p<0.05), apoB (1.13±0.40 vs. 0.84±0.28 g/L, p<0.05) and of the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.77±0.37 vs. 0.68±0.20, p<0.05) compared to controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) suggested a good reliability in the diagnose of coronary heart disease for the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.756, p<0.05), apoB (0.664, p<0.05), lipoprotein(a) (0.652, p<0.05) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (0.688, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis performed with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors, showed that the levels of lipoprotein(a), apoB and apoB/apoA-I ratio are significant independent cardiovascular risk factors. Our results indicate that there is an important relationship among high plasma apoB concentration, lipoprotein(a) concentration, the apoB/apoA-I ratio, and MI. We showed that the apoB/apoA-I ratio has a stronger correlation with MI than the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. We therefore suggest using apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice as a markers of MI risk.

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