Association between commercial and traditional sugar-sweetened beverages and measures of adiposity in Costa Rica

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing trends in the consumption of commercial sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) have occurred in parallel with rising levels of obesity in Latin America, but data showing the relationship between these SSB and obesity are limited. The current study examined the association between commercial and traditional SSB and measures of adiposity in Costa Rica.DesignA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in which the exposure, SSB intake, was defined as frequency of daily servings of ‘fresco’ (a traditional home-made beverage), fruit drink (commercially available SSB), soda and fruit juice (made from fruits at home). Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate associations between SSB intake and BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and skinfold thickness.SettingCentral Valley, Costa Rica.SubjectsControls (n 2045) of a case–control study on diet and heart disease in Costa Rica.ResultsFresco, fruit drink, soda and fruit juice were consumed ≥1 time/d by 47 %, 14 %, 4 % and 14 % of the population, respectively. One serving/d of soda, fruit drink and fresco was associated with 0·89, 0·49 and 0·21 kg/m2 higher BMI, respectively (all P < 0·05). Fruit drink (≥1 serving/d) was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0·004), while soda and fresco were associated with higher skinfold thickness (P = 0·02 and 0·01, respectively). Associations with fruit juice intake were modest and not statistically significant. Other factors associated with higher BMI were higher income and less education, smoking and physical inactivity (all P < 0·05).ConclusionsIncreasing intake of commercially available SSB could be in part responsible for the high prevalence of obesity among Hispanic adults.

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Abstract P074: Substituting Homemade Fruit Juice for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages is Associated with Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome among Hispanic Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap074 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Josiemer Mattei ◽

Vasanti Malik ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

Hannia Campos

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Population Based ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Ethnic Subgroups

Introduction: Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) has been consistently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), while results on the role of fruit juice intake are conflicting. Hispanics consume both SSB and traditional fruit-based beverages; however, studies conducted on such ethnic group are scarce. Given the high prevalence of MetS among Hispanics, describing putative contributors to this condition is essential in proposing approaches that may successfully reduce its prevalence and avoid further complications. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that substituting fruit-based beverages traditionally consumed by Hispanics for SSB may be associated with lower odds of MetS. Methods: To determine the cross-sectional association between beverages consumed by Hispanics, and MetS and its components, data were analyzed in 1,872 Costa Rican adults who served as controls of a population-based case-control study of coronary heart disease. Multivariate adjusted means were calculated for components of MetS by servings (never, <1/week, 2–6/week, ≥1/day) of two traditional fruit-based beverages (‘fresco’ and homemade fruit juice, separately) and two SSB (instant drinks and regular sodas, separately and combined). Prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was calculated for each beverage, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated by substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice or water for one of SSB. Results: Significant positive trends were observed for increasing servings of instant drinks and combined SSB with plasma triglyceride and waist circumference, and for regular soda with waist circumference (all P -trend<0.001). Increasing servings of homemade fruit juice were associated positively with HDL-C ( P -trend=0.033). Consuming ≥1 serving/day of instant drinks was associated with higher PR of MetS (1.42, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.83) compared to no consumption; similar results were obtained for combined SSB. Substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice for instant drink was associated with 29% (95% CI=7, 47%) lower odds of MetS, and for regular soda with 30% (1, 50%) lower odds. Substituting water for combined SSB was marginally significant (OR=0.86 (0.74, 1.00). Conclusion: In conclusion, reducing consumption of SSB and substituting them with homemade fruit juices in moderation, may be a culturally-appropriate approach to lower metabolic syndrome among Hispanics. Our study provides the groundwork for interventions on beverage intake that aim to prevent MetS and type 2 diabetes in Hispanic ethnic subgroups, and may support current public health efforts on limiting availability and intake of SSB, while substituting with a healthy beverage.

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Self-reported advertising exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages among US youth

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001785 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1173-1179 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Gayathri Kumar ◽

Stephen Onufrak ◽

Deena Zytnick ◽

Beverly Kingsley ◽

Sohyun Park

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Self Report ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Food Category ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sports Drink ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Fruit Drink ◽

Advertising Exposure

AbstractObjectiveAccording to the Federal Trade Commission, in 2009, the top food category with teen-directed marketing expenditures was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). The present study reports on exposure to SSB advertisements using self-report data from adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study design using descriptive statistics to assess self-reported frequency of exposure to SSB advertisements and multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between frequency of SSB advertising exposure and sociodemographic variables.SettingOnline survey conducted at home.SubjectsUS adolescents aged 12–17 years (n 847).ResultsAmong the surveyed adolescents, 42 % to 54 % reported seeing/hearing SSB advertisements ≥1 time/d. Those aged 14–15 years were more likely to report seeing/hearing soda, sports drink and energy drink advertisements ≥1 time/d than 16- to 17-year-olds. Males were more likely to report seeing/hearing sports drink advertising ≥1 time/d than females. Non-Hispanic black adolescents were more likely to report seeing/hearing fruit drink and sports drink advertisements ≥1 time/d than non-Hispanic white adolescents. Adolescents whose parents had high-school education or less were more likely to report seeing/hearing soda, fruit drink and energy drink advertisements ≥1 time/d than adolescents whose parents were college graduates.ConclusionsAlmost half of the adolescents sampled reported daily SSB advertising exposure, with higher exposure among African Americans and adolescents with less educated parents. These data can help inform potential actions that decision makers might take, such as education of adolescents and their caregivers on the potential impact of beverage advertising, especially among groups at higher risk for obesity.

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Associated Factors among Northeastern Chinese Children

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2233

Author(s):

Xuxiu Zhuang ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Joel Gittelsohn ◽

Emma Lewis ◽

Shenzhi Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Convenience Stores ◽

Pocket Money ◽

At Home

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between home-related factors, community environmental factors, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake among Northeastern Chinese children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional. Children with complete data were included in the analysis (n = 901). A questionnaire modified according to BEVQ-15 measured the intake of SSBs. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the consumption of SSBs. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 was applied to perform all statistical analyses. (3) Results: The mean total amount of SSBs consumed on a weekly basis was 2214.04 ± 2188.62 mL. Children’s weekly pocket money, frequency of SSBs purchase, SSBs availability at home, the number of accessible supermarkets, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were all found to be associated with a high intake of SSBs among all children. Among children of normal weight, the findings indicated that weekly pocket money, SSBs availability at home, and number of accessible supermarkets were associated with a high SSBs intake. At the same time, frequency of SSBs purchase, mother’s SSBs intake, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were associated with a high SSBs intake among children with obesity. (4) Conclusions: Given the potential negative health effects of high SSBs intake, it is crucial to pay attention to home-related factors and community environment.

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Can Parenting Practices Moderate the Relationship between Reward Sensitivity and Adolescents’ Consumption of Snacks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wendy Van Lippevelde ◽

Leentje Vervoort ◽

Jolien Vangeel ◽

Lien Goossens

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Daily Intakes ◽

Reported Data ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background: Reward sensitivity has been associated with adolescents’ intake of unhealthy snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages. However, so far, there are no studies published describing the impact of parenting practices on this relationship. The present study will, therefore, investigate whether food parenting practices can moderate the association between reward sensitivity and diet intakes. Method: A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 14- to 16-year old Flemish adolescents (n = 867, age 14.7 ± 0.8 y, 48.1% boys) and a subset of their parents (n = 131), collecting data on daily intakes, reward sensitivity, and food parenting practices. Linear regression was used to assess the moderation effect of parenting practices (both adolescent- and parent-reported) on the relationship between reward sensitivity, and diet using SPSS 25.0. Results: In the main analysis (adolescent-reported), no significant moderation effects were found for parenting practices on the relationship between reward sensitivity and diet. However, the sensitivity analysis (parent-reported) showed a moderation effect for health-reducing parenting practices on the association between reward sensitivity and unhealthy snack intake (β = 0.297, 95% CI = 0.062, 0.531, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Given the difference in the effect of parenting practices between the adolescent- and parent-reported data, our inconclusive findings warrant more research in larger adolescent-parent dyad samples.

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Associations between Child Snack and Beverage Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Malnutrition in Nepal

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17217911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 7911

Author(s):

Neha Zahid ◽

Nehaa Khadka ◽

Madhurima Ganguly ◽

Tanya Varimezova ◽

Bathsheba Turton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Child Health Services ◽

Maternal Child Health ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Oral Health Promotion ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Sweetened Beverages

The global nutrition transition and increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed snacks have contributed to increasing rates of child obesity and dental caries in developing countries. In Nepal, where child malnutrition rates are high, the relationship between malnutrition and dental caries is poorly understood. This cross-sectional study aims to assess this relationship among a convenience sample of 273 children age six months to less than 12 years in three communities in Nepal, using parent/caregiver interviews, child dental exams, and anthropometric measurements. Fisher’s exact test and independent t-tests examined associations between dietary practices and severe caries and between severe caries and malnutrition, respectively. Children consumed sugar-sweetened beverages and processed snacks frequently: 80% consumed tea with sugar, 60% consumed sweet snacks, and 65% consumed processed savory snacks daily. Overall, 74% of children had untreated tooth decay, and 21% exhibited stunting malnutrition, 14% were underweight, and 6% presented wasting. Significant associations were found between daily consumption of sweets and processed snacks with severe caries and between severe caries and poorer nutritional status. These findings underscore the need to incorporate nutrition and oral health promotion and dental treatment into maternal–child health services and schools and to strengthen policies to reduce children’s access to junk food.

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Affirmative Disclosure: Long-term Monitoring of Residual Effects

Journal of Public Policy & Marketing ◽

10.1177/074391568300200104 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 38-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Thomas C. Kinnear ◽

James R. Taylor ◽

Oded Gur-Arie

Keyword(s):

Federal Trade Commission ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Consumer Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deceptive Advertising ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

Fruit Drink ◽

Term Monitoring

In 1973, the Federal Trade Commission charged the manufacturer of Hawaiian Punch fruit drink with deceptive advertising of the proportion of natural fruit juice in the product. A consent order that specified the use of corrective advertising (affirmative disclosure) to correct suspected residual effects was agreed to. The order required that a consumer survey be conducted to demonstrate whether the residual effects had dissipated to an acceptable level. This study presents the results of 11 cross-sectional surveys taken over a nine-year period following the FTC order. The results indicate that residual effects have systematically declined over the nine-year period and are now at a level which meets one of the FTC's three criteria for termination of the affirmative disclosure advertising message.

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Associations between beverage consumption of parents and their children. The ToyBox-study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120006576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Paloma Flores Barrantes ◽

Alicia Larruy ◽

Maria Luisa Miguel-Berges ◽

Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽

Iris Iglesia-Altaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Role Models ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Self Report ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Sweetened Beverages

AbstractIntroduction: Dietary habits are established from a very young age. Parental role modeling is an important factor influencing the eating behavior of their children. Drinking behavior may have an impact in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to explore the correlations of core drinking beverages between parents and their children.Materials and Methods: The present study included children of 3.5–5.5 years and their parents from the (Multifactorial evidence-based approach using behavioral models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood) ToyBox study. The study was a kindergarten-based family-involved intervention, in preschool children from six European countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain. For this study, we analyzed data from the baseline cross-sectional survey.Data on consumption frequency of water, homemade or fresh fruit juice, prepacked fruit juice, light beverages and sugared sweetened beverages consumption from parents and their children was obtained via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Parents were given examples of serving sizes and asked about how to self-report their usual consumption per day or week. Beverage consumption of children was reported by their parents and information about frequency and portion sizes was collected. Body weight and height of children was measured and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Bivariate correlations were performed to analyze beverage consumption (servings per day) in children and their parents.Results: The studied sample included 5266 pairs of children (49.2% girls) and parents (91.7% women) that were included in the analysis.Girls presented higher correlations in water (r2 = 0,317) and sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,302), whereas boys, presented slightly higher correlations of light soft drinks (r2 = 0,273), pure fruit juices (r2 = 0,308) and prepacked fruit juices (r2 = 0,324), all of them at < 0.01 level of significance. Considering boys and girls together, a slightly higher significant correlation coefficients were found between children-parents’ dyads with overweight/obesity compared to normal weight children-parentś for sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,303) and light soft drinks (r2 = 0,396).Discussion: Beverage consumption of children and their parents were found to be moderately correlated. Overweight children seem to have better correlations with their parents in relation of sugar sweetened beverages and light soft drinks. Parents should encourage a healthy beverage consumption for their own health and most important, because there are key role models to their children.

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Eating location is associated with the nutritional quality of the diet in Norwegian adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013000268 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 915-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jannicke B Myhre ◽

Elin B Løken ◽

Margareta Wandel ◽

Lene F Andersen

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Fast Food ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Private Households ◽

At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between dinner eating location and the nutritional quality of the specific dinner meal and the whole-day dietary intake and to compare the diets of those consuming ≥25 % of energy out of home and at school/work (SOH; substantial out-of-home eaters) with those consuming <25 % of energy out (NSOH; non-substantial out-of-home eaters).DesignCross-sectional dietary survey using two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Recorded eating locations were at home, other private households, work/school, restaurant/cafeteria/fast-food outlet and travel/meeting.SettingNationwide, Norway (2010–2011).SubjectsAdults aged 18–70 years (n 1746).ResultsDinners at restaurants and other private households were higher in energy than home dinners (P < 0·01). Restaurant dinners contained less fibre (g/MJ; P < 0·01) and had a higher percentage of alcohol consumers (P < 0·05), while dinners at other private households had a higher percentage of energy from sugar (P < 0·001) and a higher percentage of consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (P < 0·05) than home dinners. Most differences between dinners consumed at different eating locations were also observed in dietary intakes for the whole day. SOH-eaters had a higher energy intake (P < 0·01), a higher percentage of energy from sugar (P < 0·01) and a lower fibre intake (P < 0·01) than NSOH-eaters. The percentages of consumers of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages were higher (P < 0·01) among SOH-eaters.ConclusionsDinner eating location was significantly associated with the nutritional quality of the diet, both for the specific dinner meal and for whole-day intake. Our data generally point to healthier dinners being consumed at home. SOH-eaters had a less favourable dietary intake than NSOH-eaters.

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Effect of Commercially Available Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Subjective Appetite and Short-Term Food Intake in Boys

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 270 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kelly Poirier ◽

Julia Totosy de Zepetnek ◽

Lorianne Bennett ◽

Neil Brett ◽

Terence Boateng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Random Order ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Water Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Fruit Drink ◽

Regulatory Controls

It is unclear whether sugar sweetened beverages bypass regulatory controls of food intake (FI) in boys. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of isovolumetric preloads (350 mL) of a fruit-flavoured drink (154 kcal), cola (158 kcal), 1% M.F. chocolate milk (224 kcal), and water (0 kcal) on subjective appetite and FI in boys aged 9–14 years. On four separate mornings, boys consumed one of the preloads in a random order; subjective appetite was measured at 15 min intervals, and FI was measured via an ad libitum pizza lunch at 60 min post-beverage consumption. In the 32 boys (age: 11.8 ± 0.3 years), FI was reduced (p < 0.001) after cola (940 ± 46 kcal) and chocolate milk (878 ± 41 kcal) compared with the water control (1048 ± 35 kcal) and after chocolate milk compared to the fruit drink (1005 ± 44 kcal). Cumulative FI after the fruit drink was greater than the water control (1159 ± 44 vs. 1048 ± 35 kcal; p = 0.03). Average appetite was not affected by the treatment, but the cola treatment resulted in greater fullness (p = 0.04) and lower prospective food consumption (p = 0.004) compared with the fruit drink. In conclusion, chocolate milk and cola suppressed next-meal FI at 60 min, while fruit drink increased cumulative FI (beverage + next meal) over 60 min in boys. Results from this study suggest that beverage composition is an important determinant of FI suppression in boys.

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Changes in beverage consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001400189x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1187-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marianne Skreden ◽

Elling Bere ◽

Linda R Sagedal ◽

Ingvild Vistad ◽

Nina C Øverby

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Younger Women ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Consumption Frequency ◽

Artificially Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjectiveTo describe changes in consumption of different types of beverages from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, and to examine associations with maternal age, educational level and BMI.DesignCross-sectional design. Participants answered an FFQ at inclusion into a randomized controlled trial, the Fit for Delivery (FFD) trial, in median gestational week 15 (range: 9–20), reporting current consumption and in retrospect how often they drank the different beverages pre-pregnancy.SettingEight local antenatal clinics in southern Norway from September 2009 to February 2013.SubjectsFive hundred and seventy-five healthy pregnant nulliparous women.ResultsPre-pregnancy, 27 % reported drinking alcohol at least once weekly, compared with none in early pregnancy (P<0·001). The percentage of women drinking coffee (38 %v. 10 %,P<0·001), sugar-sweetened beverages (10 %v. 6 %,P=0·011) and artificially sweetened beverages (12 %v. 9 %,P=0·001) at least daily decreased significantly from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, while the percentage of women who reported to drink water (85 %v. 92 %,P<0·001), fruit juice (14 %v. 20 %,P=0·001) and milk (37 %v. 42 %,P=0·001) at least daily increased significantly. From pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy higher educated women reduced their consumption frequency of coffee significantly more than women with lower education. Older women reduced their consumption frequency of coffee and artificially sweetened beverages and increased their consumption frequency of fruit juice and milk significantly more than younger women.ConclusionsThere is a significant change in beverage consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy among Norwegian nulliparous women.

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