Association between high-risk fertility behaviours and the likelihood of chronic undernutrition and anaemia among married Bangladeshi women of reproductive age

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between high-risk fertility behaviours and the likelihood of chronic undernutrition, anaemia and the coexistence of anaemia and undernutrition among women of reproductive age.DesignThe 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, conducted from 8 July to 27 December 2011.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.SubjectsA total of 2197 ever-married women living with at least one child younger than 5 years. Exposure was determined from maternal reports of high-risk fertility behaviours. We considered three parameters, maternal age at the time of delivery, birth order and birth interval, to define the high-risk fertility behaviours. Chronic undernutrition, anaemia and the coexistence of anaemia and undernutrition among women were the outcome variables.ResultsA substantial percentage of women were exposed to have a high-risk fertility pattern (41·8 %); 33·0 % were at single high-risk and 8·8 % were at multiple high-risk. After adjusting for relevant covariates, high-risk fertility behaviours were associated with increased likelihood of chronic undernutrition (adjusted relative risk; 95 % CI: 1·22; 1·03, 1·44), anaemia (1·12; 1·00, 1·25) and the coexistence of anaemia and undernutrition (1·52; 1·17, 1·98). Furthermore, multiple high-risk fertility behaviours appeared to have more profound consequences on the outcome measured.ConclusionsMaternal high-risk fertility behaviours are shockingly frequent practices among women in Bangladesh. High-risk fertility behaviours are important predictors of the increased likelihood of women’s chronic undernutrition, anaemia and the coexistence of anaemia and undernutrition.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study of Prevalence of RTI/STI Symptoms and Treatment Seeking Behaviour among the Married Women in Urban and Rural Areas of Delhi

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/563031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Anjana Verma ◽

Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽

Bratati Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background. In developing countries, women are at high risk for several reproductive health problems especially RTI/STIs. Since all RTIs/ STIs are preventable and most of them are curable, it is pertinent to study the determinants of the health seeking behaviour.Objectives. To compare the prevalence and treatment seeking behaviour about RTI/STI symptoms among the married women of reproductive age group (18–45 years) living in urban and rural area of Delhi.Methods. A cross-sectional study was done among the married women of reproductive age group residing in Pooth Khurd, a village in North West district of Delhi, and Delhi Gate, an urban locality situated in central Delhi.Results. In this study, the prevalence of RTI/STI symptoms was found to be similar in both urban (42.3%) and rural area (42%). In urban area, 73% sought treatment, while in rural area only 45.6% sought treatment. Prevalence of the symptoms was found to be higher among the study subjects who were not using any contraceptive method, had history of abortion, and were with lower educational status, in both urban and rural areas. Treatment seeking behaviour was significantly higher among the educated women, contraceptive users, and older age group women in both rural and urban area.

Download Full-text

Factors for non-acceptance of contraceptive methods amongst married women of reproductive age group in rural Patna

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1882 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vijay Shree ◽

R. R. Prasad ◽

Sanjay Kumar ◽

Setu Sinha ◽

Sanjay Kumar Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Contraceptive Device ◽

Age Group ◽

Contraceptive Methods ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Background Population ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Population explosion has been India's major problem since independence. It is a major obstacle to the overall progress of the nation. Adoption of family planning methods is one of the best solutions to tackle this problem. The present study was planned to determine the factors for non-acceptance of different contraceptive methods among married women of reproductive age group in rural areas of Patna.Methods: Study design: a community based cross sectional study. Study population: married women of reproductive age group (15-45 years). Study period: January 2012- July 2013. Study area: field practice area of PHC Sampatchak, Patna. Sample size: 705 using formula n =4p* q/d2. Study tool: pre tested semi-structured proforma. Collected data was analysed using latest version of SPSS. Results: 705 married women of reproductive age group were surveyed and it was found that out of 705 women only 230 (32.65%) were using contraceptive methods. Amongst the users 70.87% were using permanent method of contraception and that too female sterilization. Of the temporary method users (29.13%) 2.60% were using condom, 15.21% were using OCP (oral contraceptive pills) and 11.30% were using IUCD (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device). Choice of contraceptive method was mostly OCP (71.4%) when duration of marriage was <5 years. Greater the duration of married life more was the acceptance of Tubectomy. The main reasons for non-acceptance of contraceptives method was desire for child (31.17%) followed by fear of side effects (21.05%). Want of male child and opposition by husband accounted for 8.45% &12% respectively. Conclusions: There is tremendous need to increase use of temporary contraceptives for spacing after one or two children. Male involvement in RCH care is essential. It is important to increase their participation as husbands often influence their wife’s decision regarding reproductive health.

Download Full-text

Unmet Need of Family Planning Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Areas of Manikganj District

Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/akmmcj.v10i1.43655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh Uddin ◽

Mehedi Hasan Jewel

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Contraceptive Method ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Aims: Introduction: Bangladesh has impressive gains in indicators related to population and family planning. Therefore, the unmet need for family planning should be addressed with utmost importance. Materials and Methods: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted at four villages of Saturia Upazilla of Manikganj district to find out unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age including the status of contraceptive use and obstacles toward using family planning methods. The duration of study was from November 2017 to March 2018. The sample size was 480 in number. Results: In the study, 87.5% respondents were Muslims. Regarding level of education 18.75% of the respondents was illiterate, 22.19% of the respondents completed their primary education and 31.35% passed the secondary school certificate Examination. Most of the respondents (92.92%) were housewives. Out of 480 families, 51% belongs to nuclear family. 23.13% of the respondents had income below 10,000 Tk. and about 27.50% had an income more than 20,000 Tk. Among 480 respondents, 42.06% had 2 living children and about 33.78% had a single child. 89.17% of the respondents knew about contraceptive method. OCP was the most preferred method among 57.62% respondents. 61% respondents were using contraceptive method. The reason for not using any contraceptive method were fear of side effects (28.03%), eager to conceive (13.63%), and non-co-operative attitude of the husband (7.58%). In this study 58.13% respondents had the knowledge about permanent method of contraception. Conclusion: Family planning is more of a health necessity than an option. Though family planning program has remarkable success over the past decade, but still there is unmet need. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 10, No. 1: Jan 2019, P 23-27

Download Full-text

Awareness and practice of family planning services among married women of reproductive age in a rural municipality of Saptari district, Nepal

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v6i1.27080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Reena Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Family Planning Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Municipality

Introductions: Unwanted pregnancies and maternal deaths can be avoided by use of family planning (FP) services. Use of modern methods of contraceptive among married women age 15-49 years in Nepal is 43%. Generally, fertility is higher among women in rural areas than in urban. This study aims to assess the awareness and practice of FP services among married women of reproductive age in a Rural Municipality of Saptari district, Nepal. Methods: Cross-sectional study with two stage sampling technique through face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire interview schedule in local language, Maithili, was done to find out awareness and practice regarding FP services in married women of 15-49 years in a Municipality of Saptari district, province 2, Nepal, from April 2018 to March 2019. Descriptive and inferential data analysis done using SPSS version16.0 software. Results: Out of 280 respondents, 257 (91.78%) had adequate awareness regarding FP services, 167 (59.64%) were current FP users, 125 (74.85%) practiced female sterilization and 39 (23.35%) used temporary methods. Common reason for not using temporary FP methods included side effects 103 (90%). Level of awareness regarding FP services was not significantly associated with their practices. Conclusions: Majority of respondents had adequate awareness regarding family planning services but FP practice was low.

Download Full-text

Link Between Unmet Need and Economic Status in Bangladesh: Gap in Urban and Rural Areas

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1126234/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zillur Rahman Shabuz ◽

Md. Ershadul Haque ◽

Md. Kawsarul Islam ◽

Wasimul Bari

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Composite Effect

Abstract Background: Unmet need for family planning (FP) is a core concept in designing FP programmes and reduction of unmet need for FP can improve reproductive and maternal health services. Bangladesh is still away from achieving the target regarding unmet need for FP. This study aimed to explore the composite effect of economic status and place of residence on unmet need for FP among currently married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh after controlling the effect of other selected covariates.Methods: The study used the data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-2018, which is a nationally representative survey implemented using a stratified two-stage cluster sample design. A total of 13031 currently married women of reproductive age were included in the final analysis. Binary logistic regression model has been employed to identify the factors influencing the unmet need for FP. Model-I investigated the effect of composite variable place-wealth on unmet need for FP and Model-II examined the effect of place-wealth on unmet need for FP after adjusting for the effect of other selected covariates. The Odds Ratios with p-values were reported to identify significant covariates.Results: The rate of unmet need for FP was 15.48%. The composite factor of economic status and place of residence had significant influence on unmet need for FP in both models. Generally, rural women were significantly more likely to have unmet need for FP than their urban counterparts. In particular, women from rural areas and belong to rich families had the highest likelihoods of unmet need for FP. The other selected covariates also had significant influence on unmet need for FP. Conclusion: This study shows that rural women had higher odds of unmet need for FP than urban women. The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) should take necessary actions to motivate women to use contraceptive specially the women who are residing in the rural areas.

Download Full-text

Empowerment and IPV in Married Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520980380 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052098038

Author(s):

Mohammad Vaqas Ali ◽

Jawad Tariq

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Health Survey ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Empowerment ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Forms Of Violence

The study was an attempt to identify demographic, household, and women empowerment factors that predicted emotional, physical, and sexual violence in ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years, n = 3,965) in Pakistan by performing secondary analysis on Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018. The analysis was done using SPSS (v.22) and binary and multivariate logistic regression techniques were performed for analyses. The analysis found that 30.2% of women experienced emotional, 24.1% reported less severe physical, 6.5% experienced severe physical, and 4.3% experienced sexual violence, respectively. The multivariate analysis found that husband’s age, education, wealth, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, womens’ age, education, and number of children also significantly predicted IPV. With respect to empowerment variables, ownership of house was a significant predictor of less severe physical violence, ownership of property significantly predicted emotional violence, and autonomy in household purchase decisions was significantly related to severe physical violence. The control on husband’s income as a measure of empowerment significantly predicted all four types of IPV. Belief in patriarchy also turned out to be an important factor in determining emotional and less severe physical violence. The study concludes that women empowerment in household context can prevent less serious forms of violence but to hinder serious forms of violence, interventions at family and community level will be required.

Download Full-text

Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01314-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Farhan Asif ◽

Zahid Pervaiz ◽

Jawad Rahim Afridi ◽

Ghulam Abid ◽

Zohra S. Lassi

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Family Planning Programs ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background Family planning services deliver a wide range of benefits to the well-being of females and the community. It can curtail the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality through the reduction in abortions and pregnancies. The government of Pakistan has been struggling to convince people about the usefulness of family planning programs. However, different factors related to social norms, values, and culture are important to determine the success of these programs. One such factor is the patriarchal structure of Pakistani society where most of the household decisions are made by men. The objective of this research is to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for the unmet need of family planning (UMNFP) among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in Pakistan. Method The dataset of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18 is utilized to examine the role of the husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives in UMNFP among MWRA in Pakistan. Results The UMNFP was considerably lower among MWRA between 40 years and above compared to women 15–19 years. The odds of UMNFP were higher among women and men who were educated up to the primary level compared to those with no education. Odds of UMNFP were higher among women from the poor wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile; similarly, it was significantly lower among women who were from the richer and the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest wealth quintile. The odds of UMNFP were lower among women who were employed compared to those who were not employed. Lastly, the odds of UMNFP were higher among women whose husbands opposed to using contraceptives, who perceived that there was a religious prohibition for such use and when a decision on the contraception use was solely made by the husband. Conclusions Husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives is an important predictor of UMNFP. Liaising with the community and religious leaders to persuade people particularly men about the usefulness of family planning programs and encouraging men to understand their women’s say in using contraceptives should be encouraged.

Download Full-text

Preference on prenatal sex determination and its associated factors among currently married women of reproductive age group in Puducherry, India

Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.4103/npmj.npmj_269_20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

GaneshKumar Saya ◽

KariyarathCheriyath Premarajan ◽

Gautam Roy ◽

Sonali Sarkar ◽

SitanshuSekhar Kar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Download Full-text

Description of a pharmacist-led clinical video telehealth group clinic for opioid overdose prevention and naloxone education

Mental Health Clinician ◽

10.9740/mhc.2019.07.294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 294-297

Author(s):

Aimee N. Jensen ◽

Candace M. Beam ◽

Amber R. Douglass ◽

Jennifer E. Brabson ◽

Michelle Colvard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Overdose Prevention ◽

Innovative Practice ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract To achieve the nationwide goal of reducing opioid-related deaths, a clinical pharmacy specialist–led clinical video telehealth (CVT) clinic was created at a Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) to deliver opioid overdose prevention and naloxone education to at-risk patients. The purpose of this innovative practice was to improve access to this potentially life-saving intervention to patients across urban and rural areas. This study is a single-center, descriptive analysis of adult patients across 2 VAMC campuses and 4 community-based outpatient clinics from July 11, 2016, through December 31, 2016. The purpose of this innovative practice was to increase access to overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) to at-risk patients across urban and rural areas. Patient-specific factors were also examined among those receiving naloxone through the CVT clinic compared to other prescribers. During the first 6 months from the initiation of the clinic, 1 pharmacist prescribed 21% of the health care system's naloxone. These patients identified by the pharmacist-led CVT clinic were more likely to be considered high-risk due to concomitant use of opioids and benzodiazepines. In conclusion, the pharmacist-led CVT group clinic has been an efficient strategy to extend OEND services to high-risk patients beyond central, urban areas.

Download Full-text

Contraceptive prevalence rate in women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad

Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University ◽

10.32593/jstmu/vol1.iss1.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Umme Kulsoom Khattak ◽

Saima Perwaiz Iqbal ◽

Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Ayesha Chowhan

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Urban Community ◽

Large Family ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Family Planning Methods

Objective: To determine the prevalence of utilization of family planning methods among married women of reproductive age in a semi urban community of Islamabad. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was done using two stage sampling, including cluster and consecutive sampling techniques. A proportionate sample from each mohallas of Nurpur Shahan was taken to achieve our sample size. All married women of the reproductive age group (15-45 years) living with their husbands, not diagnosed as a case of infertility and permanent residents of Nurpur Shahan were included. Results: Total of 550 women were included in the study with mean age of 31.64 years. Majority of women 497 (94.7%) were currently married while 322 (59.9 %) were literate. Of all the women, 72 (13.2%) women were currently pregnant and only 62 (11.3%) had a planned pregnancy. Induced abortion was practiced once by 9 (1.8%) women and 21 (4.1%) had done it twice. 394 (72.8%) had knowledge of family planning methods and only 102 (19.5%) women were using family Planning methods currently. Conclusion: Miscellaneous challenges are involved to increase involvement of the women and their families in the use of family planning services. Health education campaigns at community level to increase awareness regarding different family planning methods are highly needed. Government needs to improve the LHWs services to increase the use of family planning methods and combat induced abortions as a method of contraception. Controlling population through sterilization after attaining a large family size should not be the preferred method of family Planning.

Download Full-text