scholarly journals Perception v. actual intakes of junk food and sugar-sweetened beverages in Australian young adults: assessed using the mobile food record

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2300-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J Harray ◽  
Carol J Boushey ◽  
Christina M Pollard ◽  
Chloe E Panizza ◽  
Edward J Delp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diet Drinks

AbstractObjectiveTo determine perception v. actual intakes of energy-dense nutrient-poor ‘junk food’ (JF) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in young adults, using the mobile food record (mFR).DesignBefore-and-after eating images using a 4 d mFR were assessed for standardised 600 kJ (143 kcal) servings of JF and SSB (excluding diet drinks). Participants reported their concern about the health aspects of their diet, perceptions and intentions regarding JF and SSB.SettingPerth, Western Australia.SubjectsAdults (n 246) aged 18–30 years.ResultsThe mean (sd) intake of JF+SSB was 3·7 (2·0) servings/d. Women thinking about drinking less SSB consumed more SSB servings/d (1·5 (1·2)) than men (0·7 (0·5); P<0·05) who were thinking about drinking less. Men not thinking about cutting down JF consumed more servings/d (4·6 (2·4)) than women (2·5 (0·7); P<0·01) who were not thinking about cutting down. Those who paid a lot of attention to the health aspects of their diet consumed less JF+SSB than those who took only a bit of notice (P<0·001), were not really thinking much about it (P<0·001) or who didn’t think at all about the health aspects of food (P<0·01).ConclusionsPerceptions and attitudes regarding JF and SSB were associated with level of consumption. Those not thinking about cutting down their intake of these foods represent an important target group as they consume more than their peers. Further research is needed to identify how amenable young adults are to changing their intake, particularly given the lack of attention paid to the health aspects of their diet.

scholarly journals Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 870-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Drouillet-Pinard ◽  
Carine Dubuisson ◽  
Isabelle Bordes ◽  
Irène Margaritis ◽  
Sandrine Lioret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to study the multidimensionality of the link between dietary intake and socio-economic position (SEP) in a representative sample of French children and adolescents, using a variety of SEP indicators.DesignData from the second French national food consumption survey (INCA2) were used. Information on food consumption was collected using a 7d food record and SEP data (occupation, education, income, household wealth indices) using questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately in children and adolescents to assess the relationships between dietary components (food groups and macronutrients) and each dimension of SEP.SettingThe INCA2 survey, France.SubjectsA representative sample of French children (3–10 years of age; n 574) and adolescents (11–17 years of age; n 881).ResultsCompared with children from a higher SEP, those from a lower SEP had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and confectionery and higher intakes of starchy foods, meat, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and pizzas/sandwiches. Similar results were observed in adolescents for fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adolescents also had lower intakes of cakes/pastries and higher intakes of processed meat and dairy desserts. Neither energy nor protein intake was associated with SEP. Adolescents from a lower SEP had higher carbohydrate and lower lipid intakes. Overall, these findings were consistent across the various dimensions of SEP, but the gradient was steeper depending on the caregiver’s educational level.ConclusionsThis research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.

scholarly journals Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bernabé ◽  
H. Ballantyne ◽  
C. Longbottom ◽  
N.B. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

scholarly journals Restaurant kids’ meal beverage offerings before and after implementation of healthy default beverage policy statewide in California compared to citywide in Wilmington, Delaware

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lorrene D. Ritchie ◽  
Laura Lessard ◽  
Phoebe Harpainter ◽  
Marisa M. Tsai ◽  
Gail Woodward-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manager Perceptions ◽  
Quick Service

Abstract Objective: In 2019, California and Wilmington, Delaware implemented policies requiring healthier default beverages with restaurant kids’ meals. This study assessed restaurant beverage offerings and manager perceptions. Design: Pre-post menu observations were conducted in California and Wilmington. Observations of cashiers/servers during orders were conducted pre-post implementation in California and post-implementation in Wilmington. Changes in California were compared using multilevel logistic regression and paired t-tests. Post-implementation, managers were interviewed. Setting: Inside and drive-through ordering venues in a sample of quick-service restaurants in low-income California communities and all restaurants in Wilmington subject to the policy, the month before and 7-12 months after policy implementation. Participants: Restaurant observations (California n=110; Wilmington n=14); managers (California n=75; Wilmington n=15). Results: Pre-implementation, the most common kids’ meal beverages on California menus were unflavored milk and water (78.8%, 52.0%); in Wilmington, juice, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages were most common (81.8%, 66.7%, 46.2%). Post-implementation, menus including only policy-consistent beverages significantly increased in California (9.7% to 66.1%, p<0.0001), but remained constant in Wilmington (30.8%). During orders, cashiers/servers offering only policy-consistent beverages significantly decreased post-implementation in California (5.0% to 1.0%, p=0.002). Few managers (California 29.3%; Wilmington 0%) reported policy knowledge, although most expressed support. Most managers wanted additional information for customers and staff. Conclusions: While the proportion of menus offering only policy-consistent kids’ meal default beverages increased in California, offerings did not change in Wilmington. In both jurisdictions managers lacked policy knowledge and few cashiers/servers offered only policy-consistent beverages. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen implementation of kids’ meal beverage policies.

Attitudes and perceptions among urban South Africans towards sugar-sweetened beverages and taxation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna N Bosire ◽  
Nicholas Stacey ◽  
Gudani Mukoma ◽  
Aviva Tugendhaft ◽  
Karen Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
High Level

AbstractObjective:A tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was introduced in South Africa in April 2018. Our objective was to document perceptions and attitudes among urban South Africans living in Soweto on factors that contribute to their SSB intake and on South Africa’s use of a tax to reduce SSB consumption.Design:We conducted six focus group discussions using a semi-structured guide.Setting:The study was conducted in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, 3 months before South Africa’s SSB tax was implemented.Participants:Adults aged 18 years or above living in Soweto (n 57).Results:Participants reported frequent SSB consumption and attributed this to habit, addiction, advertising and wide accessibility of SSB. Most of the participants were not aware of the proposed SSB tax; when made aware of the tax, their responses included both beliefs that it would and would not result in reduced SSB intake. However, participants indicated cynicism with regard to the government’s stated motivation in introducing the tax for health rather than revenue reasons.Conclusions:While an SSB tax is a policy tool that could be used with other strategies to reduce people’s high level of SSB consumption in Soweto, our findings suggest a need to complement the SSB tax with a multipronged behaviour change strategy. This strategy could include both environmental and individual levers to reduce SSB consumption and its associated risks.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control Outcomes Following Three Weeks of Added Sugar-Sweetened Beverages or 100% Fruit Juice: A Randomized Controlled Trial (P12-015-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rosenkranz ◽  
Olivet Martinez ◽  
Trevor Steele ◽  
Sam Emerson ◽  
Brooke Cull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Objectives Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-related diseases. Evidence regarding the effect of 100% fruit juice on glycemic control is conflicting, with little research assessing the metabolic effects of SSBs versus 100% fruit juice, particularly in young, healthy individuals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether there were differences in glycemic control outcomes following three weeks of added caffeine-free soda, 100% fruit juice, or water in healthy, young adults. Methods In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, 36 participants (21.2 ± 2.8 yrs) consumed one of three beverages for three weeks: water (W), caffeine-free soda (S), or 100% fruit juice (FJ). At baseline and following the 3-week intervention, participants completed anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body composition via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and glycemic control assessments (fasting glucose (mg/dL), fasting insulin (IU/mL), and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test (OGTT)). Following baseline assessments, participants consumed two servings/day (∼710 mL) of their randomized beverage for three weeks, along with their habitual diets. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Differences between beverages for glycemic control outcomes were determined using ANOVA. Results Following the 3-week intervention, changes in fasting glucose were not significantly different between beverage conditions (W:4.70 ± 7.57%, S:5.46 ± 9.79%, FJ:4.93 ± 5.32%; P = 0.97), nor were changes in fasting insulin (W:25.77 ± 33.65%, S:15.71% ± 69.84%, FJ:25.86 ± 54.92%; P = 0.88). Changes in HOMA-IR were not different between beverage conditions (P = 0.96) and similarly, 2-hour OGTT revealed no differences between beverage conditions for glucose (P = 0.82) or insulin incremental area under the curve (P = 0.44). Conclusions In healthy, young adults, under free-living conditions, there were no differences in glycemic control outcomes when adding two servings of SSBs as compared to 100% fruit juice for three weeks. Longer-term trials are needed to elucidate the potential differential glycemic control responses to SSBs versus 100% fruit juice. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals A randomized clinical trial using cyclopentolate and tropicamide to compare cycloplegic refraction in Chinese young adults with dark irises

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxia Pei ◽  
Zhuzhu Liu ◽  
Hua Rong ◽  
Liqiong Zhao ◽  
Bei Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chinese Young Adults ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background To evaluate the necessity of cycloplegia for epidemiological studies of refraction in Chinese young adults (aged 17–22 years) with dark irises, and to compare the cycloplegic effects of 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide in them. Methods A total of 300 young adults (108 males and 192 females) aged 17 to 22 years (mean 19.03 ± 1.01) were recruited from Tianjin Medical University from November 2019 to January 2020. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. In the cyclopentolate group, two drops of 1% cyclopentolate eye drop were administrated (one drop every 5 min), followed by autorefraction and subjective refraction 30 to 45 min later. In the tropicamide group, four drops of 1% Mydrin P (Tropicamide 0.5%, phenylephrine HCl 0.5%) eye drop were given (one drop every 5 min), followed by autorefraction and subjective refraction 20 to 30 min later. The participants and the examiners were masked to the medication. Distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction (Topcon KR-800, Topcon Co. Tokyo, Japan), non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic subjective refraction and ocular biometry (Lenstar LS-900) were performed. Results The values of spherical equivalent (SE) and sphere component were significantly different before and after cycloplegia in the cyclopentolate group and the tropicamide group (p < 0.05). The mean difference between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction SE was 0.39 D (±0.66 D) in the cyclopentolate group and 0.39 D (±0.34 D) in the tropicamide group. There was no significant difference in the change of SE and sphere component after cycloplegia between the cyclopentolate group and the tropicamide group (p > 0.05). In each group, no significant difference was found between autorefraction and subjective refraction after cycloplegia (p > 0.05). We also found that more positive or less negative cycloplegic refraction was associated with the higher difference in SE in each group. Conclusions Cycloplegic refractions were generally more positive or less negative than non-cycloplegic refractions. It is necessary to perform cycloplegia for Chinese young adults with dark irises to obtain accurate refractive errors. We suggest that cycloplegic autorefraction using tropicamide may be considered as a reliable method for epidemiological studies of refraction in Chinese young adults with dark irises. Trial registration The study was registered on September 7, 2019 (Registration number: ChiCTR1900025774).

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