scholarly journals Vitamin D supplement use and associated demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors in 8024 South Asians aged 40–69 years: analysis of the UK Biobank cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 2678-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Darling ◽  
David J Blackbourn ◽  
Kourosh R Ahmadi ◽  
Susan A Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Supplement Usage ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveVitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<25 nmol/l) is extremely common in Western-dwelling South Asians but evidence regarding vitamin D supplement usage in this group is very limited. This work identifies demographic, dietary and lifestyle predictors associated with vitamin D supplement use.DesignCross-sectional analysis of baseline vitamin D supplement use data.SettingUK Biobank cohort.SubjectsIn total, 8024 South Asians (Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani), aged 40–69 years.ResultsTwenty-three per cent of men and 39 % of women (P<0·001) (22 % of Bangladeshis, 32 % of Indians, 25 % of Pakistanis (P<0·001)) took a vitamin-D-containing supplement. Median vitamin D intakes from diet were low at 1·0–3·0 µg/d, being highest in Bangladeshis and lowest in Indians (P<0·001). Logistic regression modelling showed that females had a higher odds of vitamin D supplement use than males (OR=2·02; 95 % CI 1·79, 2·28). A lower supplement usage was seen in younger persons (40–60 years v. >60 years: OR=0·75; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·86) and in those living outside Greater London (OR=0·53 to 0·77), with borderline trends for a lower BMI, higher oily fish intake and higher household income associated with increased odds of vitamin D supplement use.ConclusionsVitamin D supplements were not used by most South Asians and intakes from diet alone are likely to be insufficient to maintain adequate vitamin D status. Public health strategies are now urgently required to promote the use of vitamin D supplements in these specific UK South Asian subgroups.

scholarly journals Very high prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in 6433 UK South Asian adults: analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Darling ◽  
David J. Blackbourn ◽  
Kourosh R. Ahmadi ◽  
Susan A. Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Little research has assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and its predictors in Western-dwelling South Asians in a relatively large sample size. This observational, cross-sectional analysis assessed baseline prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in UK-dwelling South Asians (aged 40–69 years, 2006–2010) from the UK Biobank Cohort. Serum 25(OH)D measurements were undertaken using the DiaSorin Liaison XL assay. Of 6433 South Asians with a 25(OH)D measurement, using commonly used cut-off thresholds, 55 % (n 3538) had 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l (severe deficiency) and 92 % (n 5918) had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l (insufficiency). Of the participants with a measurement, 20 % (n 1287) had 25(OH)D concentration <15 nmol/l (very severe deficiency). When 824 participants with undetectable (<10 nmol/l) 25(OH)D measurements were included (total n 7257), 29 % (n 2105) had 25(OH)D < 15 nmol/l, 60 % (n 4354) had 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l and 93 % (n 6749) had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. Logistic regression predictors of 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l included the following characteristics: being male; Pakistani; higher BMI; 40–59 years old; never consuming oily fish; summer sun exposure <5 h/d, not using a vitamin D-containing supplement, measurement in winter or spring and vegetarianism. In terms of region, median 25(OH)D concentration was 19–20 nmol/l in Scotland, Northern England, the Midlands and Wales. Across Southern England and London, it was slightly higher at 24–25 nmol/l. Our analyses suggest the need for increased awareness of vitamin D deficiency in South Asians as well as urgent public health interventions to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in this group.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Seasonal Variation among Danish Children and Adults: A Descriptive Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Hansen ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Brian Køster ◽  
Christine Brot ◽  
Rikke Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement ◽  
Very High

The aim of the present study was to describe vitamin D status and seasonal variation in the general Danish population. In this study, 3092 persons aged 2 to 69 years (2565 adults, 527 children) had blood drawn twice (spring and autumn) between 2012 and 2014. A sub-sample of participants had blood samples taken monthly over a year. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and information on supplement use was assessed from questionnaires. Seasonal variations in 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated graphically and descriptively, and status according to age, sex, and supplement use was described. It was found that 86% of both adults and children were vitamin D-sufficient in either spring and or/autumn; however, many had a spring concentration below 50 nmol/L. A wide range of 25(OH)D concentrations were found in spring and autumn, with very low and very high values in both seasons. Among adults, women in general had higher median 25(OH)D concentrations than men. Furthermore, vitamin D supplement use was substantial and affected the median concentrations markedly, more so during spring than autumn. Seasonal variation was thus found to be substantial, and bi-seasonal measurements are vital in order to capture the sizable fluctuations in vitamin D status in this Nordic population.

scholarly journals 925Ethnic differences and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sutherland ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
Matthew Leach ◽  
Elina Hyppönen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Summer Time

Abstract Background While controversy remains regarding optimal vitamin D status, the public health relevance of true vitamin D deficiency is undisputed. There are few contemporary cross-ethnic studies investigating the prevalence and determinants of very low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Methods We used data from 440,581 UK Biobank participants, of which 415,903 identified as white European, 7,880 Asian, 7,602 black African, 1,383 Chinese, and 6,473 of mixed ancestry. 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by DiaSorin Liaison XL and deficiency defined as ≤ 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D. Results The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was highest among participants of Asian ancestry (57.2% in winter/spring and 50.8% in summer/autumn; followed by black African [38.47%/30.78%], mixed ancestry [36.53%/22.48%], Chinese [33.12%/20.68%] and white European [17.45%/5.90%], P &lt; 1.0E-300). Participants with higher socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency compared to less deprived (P &lt; 1.0E-300 for all comparisons), with the pattern being more apparent among those of white European ancestry and in summer (Pinteraction&lt;6.4E-5 for both). In fully-adjusted analyses, regular consumption of oily fish was effective in mitigating ≤25 nmol/L 25(OH)D deficiency across all ethnicities, whilst outdoor-summer time was less effective for black Africans than white Europeans (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.12 and OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.42, respectively). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency remains an issue throughout the UK, particularly in lower socioeconomic areas and the UK Asian population, half of whom have vitamin D deficiency across seasons. Key messages The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the UK is alarming, with certain ethnic and socioeconomic groups considered particularly vulnerable.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Australia: Implications for the Development of Supplementation Guidelines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie Bilinski ◽  
Peter Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement ◽  
Potential Public Health

High rates of vitamin D deficiency and testing have been reported in Australia, yet there are few reports regarding vitamin D supplement use. Australian wholesale sales data was obtained for vitamin D supplements for the period 2000–2011. There has been a threefold increase in supplement sales over the past decade, whereby over A$94 million supplements containing vitamin D in Australia were sold during the year 2010. There were eighty-nine manufacturers that produce a variety of 195 vitamin D products. The amount of vitamin D in these products varies considerably, from 40 to 1000 IU per unit, although supplements containing only vitamin D had the highest amount of vitamin D. There was a trend for sales to increase in winter months. Given the potential public health benefits of vitamin D, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of supplementation use and for the development of supplementation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status of the British African-Caribbean Residents: Analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4104
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Vearing ◽  
Kathryn H. Hart ◽  
Karen Charlton ◽  
Yasmine Probst ◽  
David J. Blackbourn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Uk

The vitamin D status of the United Kingdom (UK) African-Caribbean (AC) population remains under-researched, despite an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency due to darker skin phenotypes and living at a high latitude. This cross-sectional study explored the vitamin D status and intake of AC individuals (n = 4046 with a valid serum 25(OH)D measurement) from the UK Biobank Cohort, aged ≥40 years at baseline (2006–2010). Over one third of the population were deficient (<25 nmol/L), 41.1% were insufficient (25–50 nmol/L) and 15.9% were sufficient (>50 nmol/L). Median (IQR) 25(OH)D was 30.0 (20.9) nmol/L. Logistic regression showed that brown/black skin phenotype, winter blood draw, not consuming oily fish and not using vitamin D supplements predicted increased odds of vitamin D deficiency, whilst older age and a summer or autumn blood draw were significantly associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent in this AC population and is of considerable concern given the individual and societal implications of increased morbidity. Public health messaging for this group should focus on year-round vitamin D supplementation and increasing intakes of culturally appropriate vitamin D-rich foods. These data also support the urgent requirement for a revised vitamin D RNI for ethnic groups.

scholarly journals The Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Disability Trajectories in Very Old Adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hakeem ◽  
Nuno Mendonca ◽  
Terry Aspray ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Carmen Ruiz-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

Background: Low vitamin D status is common in very old adults which may have adverse consequences for muscle function, a major predictor of disability. Aims: To explore the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and disability trajectories in very old adults and to determine whether there is an ‘adequate’ 25(OH)D concentration which might protect against a faster disability trajectory. Methodology: A total of 775 participants from the Newcastle 85+ Study for who 25(OH)D concentration at baseline was available. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of <25 nmol/L, 25–50 nmol/L and >50 nmol/L were used as cut-offs to define low, moderate and high vitamin D status, respectively. Disability was defined as difficulty in performing 17 activities of daily living, at baseline, after 18, 36 and 60 months. Results: A three-trajectory model was derived (low-to-mild, mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe). In partially adjusted models, participants with 25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/L were more likely to have moderate and severe disability trajectories, even after adjusting for sex, living in an institution, season, cognitive status, BMI and vitamin D supplement use. However, this association disappeared after further adjustment for physical activity. Conclusions: Vitamin D status does not appear to influence the trajectories of disability in very old adults.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Yun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yuna He ◽  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional analysis.SettingChina National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2013.SubjectsA total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9–20·0, range 3·0–51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.

scholarly journals Vitamin D in pregnancy at high latitude in Scotland

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Haggarty ◽  
Doris M. Campbell ◽  
Susan Knox ◽  
Graham W. Horgan ◽  
Gwen Hoad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The North ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
In Pregnancy

The aims of the present study were to determine compliance with current advice on vitamin D and to assess the influence of season, dietary intake, supplement use and deprivation on vitamin D status in pregnant mothers and newborns in the north of Scotland where sunlight exposure is low. Pregnant women (n 1205) and their singleton newborns were studied in the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital (latitude 57°N) between 2000 and 2006. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured at 19 weeks of gestation in mothers and at delivery in newborns. During pregnancy, 21·0 (95 % CI 18·5, 23·5) % of women took vitamin D supplements. The median intake was 5 μg/d and only 0·6 (95 % CI 0·1, 1·0) % took the recommended 10 μg/d. Supplement use, adjusted for season, dietary intake and deprivation, significantly increased maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by 10·5 (95 % CI 5·7, 15·2) nmol/l (P< 0·001); however, there was no significant effect on cord 25(OH)D (1·4 (95 % CI − 1·8, 4·5) nmol/l). The biggest influence on both maternal and cord 25(OH)D was season of birth (P< 0·001). Compared with the least deprived women (top three deciles), the most deprived pregnancies (bottom three deciles) were characterised by a significantly lower seasonally adjusted 25(OH)D ( − 11·6 (95 % CI − 7·5, − 15·7) nmol/l in the mother and − 5·8 (95 % CI − 2·3, − 9·4) nmol/l in the cord), and a lower level of supplement use (10 (95 % CI 4, 17) v. 23 (95 % CI 20, 26) %). More should be done to promote vitamin D supplement use in pregnancy but the critical importance of endogenous vitamin D synthesis, and known adaptations of fat metabolism specific to pregnancy, suggest that safe sun advice may be a useful additional strategy, even at high latitude.

Vitamin D Status in Irish Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Carroll ◽  
Chike Onwuneme ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Philip D. Mayne ◽  
Eleanor J. Molloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Background. Vitamin D has important skeletal and extraskeletal roles but those living at northerly latitudes are at risk of suboptimal levels because of reduced sunlight exposure. Aim. To describe the vitamin D status of Irish children and identify factors predictive of vitamin D status. Methods. A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken over a 12 month period. Two hundred and fifty two healthy children attending for minor medical or surgical procedures were recruited. All had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone and bone profiles measured. Results. The mean (standard deviation) for 25OHD was 51(25) nmol/L (20.4 (10) ng/mL). Forty-five percent had levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). The following variables were significantly associated with 25OHD levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL): sample drawn in April-September, use of vitamin D supplements, consumption of formula milk, and non-African ethnicity. Conclusion. More than half of the children in this study had 25OHD levels less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Vitamin D status was significantly improved by augmented oral vitamin D intake.

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