scholarly journals Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2803-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L Jensen ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Barry M Popkin ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

AbstractObjective:To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacks v. meals.Setting:South-east region of Chile.Participants:Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 958, 4–6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n 752, 12–14 years old).Results:With a mean of 2·30 (se 0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors.Conclusions:Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile’s national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.

scholarly journals Intakes of nutrients and food categories in Canadian children and adolescents across levels of sugars intake: Cross-sectional analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 Public Use Microdata File

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Ye (Flora) Wang ◽  
Mavra Ahmed ◽  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Chiara DiAngelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Older Adolescents

Dietary recommendations to reduce sugars consumption may influence choices of sugars-containing foods and affect the intake of key micronutrients. We compared intakes of nutrients and food sources stratified by quintiles of total sugars in Canadian children (2-8y) and adolescents (9-13y, 14-18y) using 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Energy intakes did not differ across quintiles of sugars intake. Those with lower sugars intakes (Q1/Q3) generally had higher protein, fat, sodium, niacin, folate and zinc and lower vitamin C compared to those with the highest sugars intakes (Q5). Q1 also had lower potassium but higher saturated fat compared to Q5. Further, Q1 generally had higher protein, fats and niacin compared to Q3, while children in Q3 had higher potassium and riboflavin and older adolescents had higher calcium and fibre. Q5 had highest intakes of multiple sugar-containing food categories (e.g. fruit, confectionary, milks, cakes/pies/pastries), with higher sugars-sweetened beverages in adolescents. Q3 had higher fruit, milks and fruit juice compared to Q1 and lower sugars/syrups/preserves, confectionary, and fruit juices compared to Q5. Certain nutrient-dense food sources of sugars (fruit, milks) may help increase key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre) in older adolescents with low sugars intakes. However, in those with the highest sugars intakes, nutrient-poor foods may displace nutrient-dense foods. Novelty: • Canadian children and adolescents with lower sugars intake have better intakes of some nutrients • Energy intakes did not differ across sugars intake • Older adolescents with mean intakes of total sugars had better intakes of some key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre)

Intake and Food Sources of Dietary Fat Among Schoolchildren in The Woodlands, Texas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sue McPherson ◽  
Milton Z. Nichaman ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
Debra B. Reed ◽  
Darwin R. Labarthe
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets

To investigate the nutrient intake and food use patterns among schoolchildren, diet was assessed among 138 children and adolescents in grades 5 through 12 using three random, nonconsecutive, 1-day food records. Mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat as percent of calories was 35.6%, 13.4%, and 6.6%, respectively. Among all subjects, 17% consumed diets containing <30% of calories from fat, 34% consumed3≥8% of calories from fat, 7% consumed <10% of calories from saturated fatty acids, and >97% ate <300 mg of cholesterol per day. While intake of calories, sodium, and β-carotene per 1000 kcal was higher in subjects consuming higher fat diets, intake of other micronutrients was either higher among those eating low-fat diets or did not differ by level of fat intake. Differences were seen in the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol that individual food sources contributed to the diets of subjects eating high and low fat diets. These cross-sectional data show that a substantial proportion of children and adolescents in this population are consuming diets low in fat and cholesterol without systematic differences in intake of other nutrients, suggesting that current dietary guidelines regarding fat intake are attainable within the current food use pattern of healthy, school-aged children and adolescents.

Nutrition and packaging characteristics of toddler foods and milks in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jennifer R McCann ◽  
Georgina C Russell ◽  
Karen J Campbell ◽  
Julie L Woods
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract Objective: To analyse nutritional and packaging characteristics of toddler-specific foods and milks in the Australian retail food environment to identify how such products fit within the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the NOVA classification. Design: Cross-sectional retail audit of toddler foods and milks. On-pack product attributes were recorded. Products were categorised as (1) food or milk; (2) snack food or meal and (3) snacks sub-categorised depending on main ingredients. Products were classified as a discretionary or core food as per the ADG and level of processing according to NOVA classification. Setting: Supermarkets and pharmacies in Australia. Results: A total of 154 foods and thirty-two milks were identified. Eighty percentage of foods were snacks, and 60 % of foods were classified as core foods, while 85 % were ultraprocessed (UP). Per 100 g, discretionary foods provided significantly more energy, protein, total and saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar and Na (P < 0·001) than core foods. Total sugars were significantly higher (P < 0·001) and Na significantly lower (P < 0·001) in minimally processed foods than in UP foods. All toddler milks (n 32) were found to have higher energy, carbohydrate and total sugar levels than full-fat cow’s milk per 100 ml. Claims and messages were present on 99 % of foods and all milks. Conclusions: The majority of toddler foods available in Australia are UP snack foods and do not align with the ADG. Toddler milks, despite being UP, do align with the ADG. A strengthened regulatory approach may address this issue.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals Salt intake and its sources in children, adolescents and adults in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Atena Mahdavi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Added Salt

Background: There is little evidence about salt intake and its food sources in the Iranian population, especially in children and adolescents. Aims: To investigate salt intake and dietary sources in Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014–2015. We randomly selected 1384 adults (50.3% female, 49.7% male) aged > 18 years [mean 37.9 (10.6) years], and 786 children and adolescents (50.9% male, 49.1% female) aged 618 years [mean 12.5 (3.4) years]. All participants underwent a dietary assessment for salt intake, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: The total salt intake was 10.9 (3.4) g/day in adults and 10.3 (2.9) g/day in children and adolescents. Added salt was the primary source of salt intake, followed by bread and cheese in both groups. Salt intake was related significantly to being younger, male, a smoker, less educated and physically active in the adult group. In children and adolescents, it was significantly associated with increasing age, male sex, low physical activity and parents’ education level (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Salt intake in Isfahan was more than twice that recommended by the World Health Organization. The main source of sodium was added salt, followed bread and cheese. Future national studies are warranted to assess the dietary salt intake and its main sources in different provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Promoting access to fresh fruits and vegetables through a local market intervention at a subway station

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 3258-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Chaput ◽  
Geneviève Mercille ◽  
Louis Drouin ◽  
Yan Kestens
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Intervention ◽  
Alternative Food Sources ◽  
Physical Access

AbstractObjectiveAlternative food sources (AFS) such as local markets in disadvantaged areas are promising strategies for preventing chronic disease and reducing health inequalities. The present study assessed how sociodemographic characteristics, physical access and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption are associated with market use in a newly opened F&V market next to a subway station in a disadvantaged neighbourhood.DesignTwo cross-sectional surveys were conducted among adults: (i) on-site, among shoppers who had just bought F&V and (ii) a telephone-based population survey among residents living within 1 km distance from the market.SettingOne neighbourhood in Montreal (Canada) with previously limited F&V offerings.SubjectsRespectively, 218 shoppers and 335 residents completed the on-site and telephone-based population surveys.ResultsAmong shoppers, 23 % were low-income, 56 % did not consume enough F&V and 54 % did not have access to a car. Among all participants living 1 km from the market (n472), market usage was associated (OR; 95 % CI) with adequate F&V consumption (1·86; 1·10, 3·16), living closer to the market (for distance: 0·86; 0·76, 0·97), having the market on the commute route (2·77; 1·61, 4·75) and not having access to a car (2·96; 1·67, 5·26).ConclusionsWhen implemented in strategic locations such as transport hubs, AFS like F&V markets offer a promising strategy to improve F&V access among populations that may be constrained in their food acquisition practices, including low-income populations and those relying on public transportation.

scholarly journals Meeting UK dietary recommendations is associated with higher estimated consumer food costs: an analysis using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and consumer expenditure data, 2008–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas RV Jones ◽  
Tammy YN Tong ◽  
Pablo Monsivais
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether diets achieving recommendations from the UK’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) were associated with higher monetary costs in a nationally representative sample of UK adults.DesignA cross-sectional study linking 4 d diet diaries in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) to contemporaneous food price data from a market research firm. The monetary cost of diets was assessed in relation to whether or not they met eight food- and nutrient-based recommendations from SACN. Regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. The primary outcome measure was individual dietary cost per day and per 2000 kcal (8368 kJ).SettingUK.SubjectsAdults (n 2045) sampled between 2008 and 2012 in the NDNS.ResultsOn an isoenergetic basis, diets that met the recommendations for fruit and vegetables, oily fish, non-milk extrinsic sugars, fat, saturated fat and salt were estimated to be between 3 and 17 % more expensive. Diets meeting the recommendation for red and processed meats were 4 % less expensive, while meeting the recommendation for fibre was cost-neutral. Meeting multiple targets was also associated with higher costs; on average, diets meeting six or more SACN recommendations were estimated to be 29 % more costly than isoenergetic diets that met no recommendations.ConclusionsFood costs may be a population-level barrier limiting the adoption of dietary recommendations in the UK. Future research should focus on identifying systems- and individual-level strategies to enable consumers achieve dietary recommendations without increasing food costs. Such strategies may improve the uptake of healthy eating in the population.

scholarly journals Deaf Children and Adolescents: Social Skills Discriminant Profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Fava de Quevedo ◽  
Ilana Andretta
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Social

Abstract The objectives of the study were to compare social skills among deaf children and adolescents and to outline the discriminant profile in relation to skilled social behaviors. The research had a quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative design. Seventy-one deaf people aged 7 to 16 years old participated in the study, assessed by a sociodemographic questionnaire and by the Social Skills Test for Children and Adolescents in School Situation. Results revealed that deaf adolescents have more elaborate social skills when compared to deaf children. Children have a profile related to the Conversation and Social Resourcefulness and Assertiveness while adolescents were included in the Civility and Altruism profile. These results were discussed based on the development and specificities of deafness. Future research may assess these skills beyond the school settings.

scholarly journals Disaster preparedness among Thai elderly emergency department patients: A survey of patients’ perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Sri ◽  
Alissara Vanichkulbodee ◽  
Natchapon Sinsuwan ◽  
Rapeeporn Rojsaengroeng ◽  
Anucha Kamsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Comprehensive Plans ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract Background: In disaster situations, the elderly are considered to be a particularly vulnerable population. Preparedness is the key to reduce post-disaster damage. There is limited research in middle income countries on how well elderly emergency department (ED) patients are prepared for disaster situations. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and behavior of elderly ED patients toward disaster preparedness. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey at one urban teaching hospital in Bangkok, Thailand between August 1st and September 30th, 2016. Patients aged 60 and older who presented to the ED were included to this study. We excluded patients who had severe dementia [defined as Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire’s (SPMSQ) > 8], were unable to speak Thai, had severe trauma and/or needed immediate resuscitation. The survey instruction was adapted from previous disaster surveys. This study was approved by the Thai Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results: A total of 243 patients were enrolled. Most of them were female [154 patients (63.4%)]. The median age was 72 [Interquartile range (IQR) 66-81] years and the most common underlying diseases were hypertension [148 patients(60.9%)] and diabetes [108 patients (44.4%)]. The majority of patients [172 patients(72.4%)] reported that they had had some teaching about disaster knowledge from a healthcare provider and had experienced a disaster [138 patients(56.8%)]. While 175/197 (81.8%) of patients who have underlying diseases reported that they had a medication supply for disaster situations, only 61 (25.1%) patients had an emergency tool-box for disasters. Most 159 (65.4%) patients did not know the emergency telephone number, and 133 (54.7%) patients reported transportation limitations. Conclusions: While most Thai elderly ED patients reported having a medication supply for disaster situations, many lacked comprehensive plans for a disaster situation. Work needs to be done to improve the quality of preparedness in disaster situations among elderly patients. Future research should focus on preparedness knowledge regarding evacuation, and shelter/residence for older patients.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake by Food Source and Eating Location in Low- and Middle-Income Chilean Preschool Children and Adolescents from Southeast Santiago

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Rebolledo ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Barry M. Popkin ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
At Home

Background: Food source and eating location are important factors associated with the quality of dietary intake. In Chile the main food sources and eating locations of preschool children and adolescents and how these relate to dietary quality are unknown. Methods: We analyzed 24 h dietary recalls collected in 2016 from low- and middle-income Chilean preschool children (3–6 years, n = 839) and adolescents (12–14 years, n = 643) from southeastern Santiago. Surveys collected the food source and eating location for each food reported during the recall. We estimated the mean intake of calories and key nutrients of concern, such as saturated fats, total sugars, and sodium, by food source and eating location. Results: Foods obtained and eaten at home contributed the greatest proportion of total calories and the key nutrients of concern. Foods obtained at home tended to have lower caloric densities but higher sugar and sodium densities than foods obtained away from home in both age groups. With regard to location, for preschool children foods consumed at home had lower caloric and sugar densities than foods eaten at school, while for adolescents foods consumed at home had lower caloric, saturated fat, and sugar densities than foods eaten at school. For both children and adolescents, home was the primary source of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) calories. SSBs were important calorie contributors among foods across all settings, but the highest absolute amount of calories from these beverages was consumed at home. Conclusions: While most of Chilean youths’ calories and key nutrients of concern are obtained and consumed at home, these foods tended to have lower caloric densities than foods obtained and consumed away from home. Home was the main food source for SSBs, but the relative consumption of these beverages was high in all eating locations. More research will be needed to inform and evaluate policies and interventions to improve children’s dietary quality across settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document