scholarly journals Maternal Iron-and-Folic-Acid Supplementation and its Association with Low-birthweight and Neonatal Mortality in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Jan-Walter De Neve ◽  
Pascal Geldsetzer ◽  
Sebastian Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Abstract Objective: This study assessed intake of iron-and-folic-acid (IFA) tablet/syrup (grouped into none, <100 days of IFA consumption or <100 IFA, and ≥100 days of IFA consumption or ≥100 IFA) among prospective mothers and its association with various stages of low-birthweight (ELBW: extremely low-birthweight, VLBW: very low-birthweight, and LBW: low-birthweight) and neonatal mortality (death during day 0-1, 2-6, 7-27, and 0-27) in India. Design: The cross-sectional, nationally representative, 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data were used. Weighted descriptive analysis, and multiple binary logistic regression modelling were used. Setting: NFHS-4 covered 640 districts from 37 states/ union territories of India. Participants: A total of 120,374 and 143,675 index children aged 0-59 months were included to analyse LBW and neonatal mortality, respectively. Results: Overall, 30.7% mothers consumed ≥100 IFA in 2015-2016, and this estimate ranged from 0.0% in Zunheboto district of Nagaland state to 89.5% in Mahe district of Puducherry of India. Multiple regression analysis revealed that children of mothers who consumed ≥100 IFA had lower odds of ELBW, VLBW, LBW, and neonatal mortality during day 0-1, as compared to mothers who did not buy/receive any IFA. Consumption of IFA (<100 IFA and ≥100 IFA) had protective association with neonatal death during day 7-27, and 0-27. Consumption of IFA was not associated with neonatal death during day 2-6. Conclusions: While ≥100 IFA consumption during pregnancy was found to be associated with preventing select types of LBW and neonatal mortality, a large variation in coverage of ≥100 IFA consumption across 640 districts is concerning.

scholarly journals Adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and associated factors among antenatal care attendants in Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Negga Baraki ◽  
Abdu Oumer ◽  
Mehari Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

<p>Iron and folic acid supplementation is the key approach for anemia prevention and control during pregnancy. In Ethiopia only &lt;1% of pregnant mothers ingest the ideal number of tablets. Although, adherence is the most important challenge, literature is dearth and the predictors are undoubtedly recognized. Institution based quantitative cross sectional study design triangulated with qualitative methods was employed among 395 systematically selected pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Debre Markos town, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data and exported to SPSS software. Bivariate and multivariable Logistic regression with the 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value &lt; 0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The data were entered and analyzed using open code software. Adherence rate was 55.5% (95%CI, 50.5%-60.4%). Pregnant mothers who had; history of anemia during current pregnancy [AOR:7.9, 95%CI (4.44-14.01)], primary education (AOR:4.0, 95%CI (1.88-8.54)], secondary education and above (AOR:3.6, 95%CI (1.20-6.94)], good knowledge of iron and folic acid supplementation [AOR:2.1, 95%CI (1.24-3.56)], and early registration for antenatal care (AOR:1.8, 95%CI (1.06-3.11)] were predictors of iron and folic acid supplementation adherence. The rate of adherence was low. Getting medical advice and fear of illness if missed were the primary reasons that enforce mothers to take the tablets. Hence, improving mothers’ knowledge regarding overall aspects of the tablet through better advice, community teaching and the mass media at large, would improve adherence.</p>

scholarly journals Adherence to weekly iron and folic acid supplementation among the school students of Thrissur corporation – a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajna M. V. ◽  
Shefaly Ann Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Background: Anemia is one of the major problems among adolescents in India. As daily and once weekly supplementation of iron and folic acid show same effects in terms of growth rate, it has been decided that weekly supply is an effective method to tackle anaemia. The adherence to these tablets is an important factor to monitor the programme. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the school students of 6-10th classes in Thrissur corporation area for a period of 6 months regarding the adherence to weekly iron and folic acid tablets. Sample size was calculated based on a pilot study and for a cluster sampling technology. After getting consent, data were collected, coded and analysed using SPSS17. Results: 380 students participated in the study. Mean age of the population was 13.01+ 1.3 years (with a range of 10 – 16 years). Only 139 (36.6%) students took tablets initially for a period of 1-2 months. Among the total girls, 124 (34.6%) took tablets initially. Of the students who took initially, 57 were continuing intake of iron tablets. The adherence to weekly iron and folic acid tablets for at in this study was 15% (n=57). Among the students who initially consumed tablets 36.6% reported stomach ache. Nausea (13.6%), vomiting (10.7%), black stool (9.3%), diarrhoea (5%) were other reported side effects of the drugs. Conclusions: The adherence to weekly iron and folic to this study was less. This can be effectively improved with continued health education sessions using different methods including the parents.

scholarly journals Counselling and knowledge on iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mary Kamau ◽  
Samuel Kimani ◽  
Waithira Mirie
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Background: The increased demand for iron and folic acid during pregnancy is not met through diet due to insufficiency or reduced bioavailability of nutrients among women from low income countries. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is a promising interventional strategy for control of anaemia during pregnancy. Kenya adopted the global IFAS intervention with a target of 80% coverage by 2017, however, the compliance remains low. Increasing awareness, counselling, communication and community education on IFAS have improved compliance among pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to determine: IFAS knowledge, availability, practices, and content of IFAS counselling among pregnant women attending health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 364 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. A two stage cluster sampling, including one sub-county and five public health facilities were used. A pre-tested structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, maternal knowledge and counselling on IFAS was used. An observation checklist was used to observe practices and content of antenatal counselling session in each facility. Data was analysed using STATA in which descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. Results: Of 364 respondents, less than half (40.9%) scored high on knowledge on IFAS. Women who were counselled on duration of IFAS intake, side effects, and their mitigation were more likely (p <0.005) to have high IFAS knowledge. Although all the health facilities had varied IFAS posters displayed, none had key IFAS counselling documents. Conclusion: Less than half of the pregnant women had high IFAS knowledge, IFAS documents were scarce in health facilities, IFAS counselling information in different health facilities was limited and varied and content of counselling was associated with levels of knowledge on IFAS. This underscores the need to strengthen focused and targeted IFAS counselling for pregnant women and standardization of counselling messages to improve compliance and pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antenatal 60 mg Iron Supplementation on Neonatal Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 843-843
Author(s):  
Tanvir Huda ◽  
Michael Dibley
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Acid Versus ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Abstract Objectives There is strong evidence that prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy and low birth weight. However, evidence it reduces neonatal mortality is still inconclusive. We aim to investigate the effects of prenatal iron supplementation either alone or in conjunction with folic acid, or with other vitamins and minerals on neonatal mortality. Methods We included five studies that assessed the effect of iron supplementation either alone or in conjunction with folic acid or with other vitamins and minerals on neonatal mortality. We then undertook several subgroup meta-analyses which include supplements containing any amount of iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment, supplements containing 60 mg iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment, supplements containing 60 mg iron and folic acid versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment and supplements containing less than 60 mg iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment. For all analyses, we used a fixed-effect model to calculate pooled RRs and 95% CIs. Our input variables were log RR, and we later we exponentiate all effect sizes and confidence intervals. Results The meta-analysis of the effect of supplements containing any iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment on neonatal death showed a 20% reduction (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.94) in neonatal mortality rate. The meta-analysis of any supplements containing 60 mg iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment showed a 22% (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.95) reduction in neonatal mortality rate. The meta-analysis of supplements containing 60 mg iron and folic acid versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment showed a 33% (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.85) reduction in neonatal mortality rate. The meta-analysis analysis of any supplements containing less than 60 mg iron versus placebo/vitamin/minerals/no treatment did not show any effect on neonatal mortality rate. Conclusions Our findings provided vital evidence that iron supplementation in pregnancy significantly reduces neonatal mortality. This evidence justifies further investments to improve that at-scale implementation of this program in low- and middle-income countries where there are high levels of maternal anaemia and high neonatal mortality rates. Funding Sources The University of Sydney.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Compliance of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant & Postnatal Women in a Hospital of Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kalpana Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

The high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and low compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation was reported among pregnant women in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant and postnatal women in Kathmandu. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. Sample size was 103 and purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. All Pregnant women of having above 7 month pregnancy and postnatal’s up to 6 months women were included. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire .All the obtained data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20. Assessment of knowledge revealed that 85.6 % (88) of the participants have adequate knowledge regarding iron and folic acid supplementation .The findings showed 78.6% (81) of the respondents had  iron and folic acid compliance as standard of Nepal government that is to be taken minimum 180 tablet before delivery. It concludes that the level of knowledge and compliance rate of iron and folic acid supplementation in Kathmandu is satisfactory in comparisons to national status i.e. 42% according to Nepal Demographic health survey 2016. Pearson chi-square test shows that level of knowledge on iron and folic acid tablet is not associated with the compliance of iron and folic acid tablet (χ²= 0.019, p< 0.889). The main reason of respondents having compliance is due to having proper counseling from health worker and non compliance is due to forgetting to have tablet. Therefore improving knowledge level only can’t improve compliance level, various factors like counseling, accessibility and availability of iron and folic acid tablet, side effect of tablet and family support also affects the compliance of iron and folic acid supplementation.

scholarly journals Tipping the scale: the role of a national nutritional supplementation programme for pregnant mothers in reducing low birthweight and neonatal mortality in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Sandhya Sasi Kumar ◽  
Devraj J Prasannanavar ◽  
Shweta Khandelwal ◽  
Hemalatha Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract With over 1.3 million Anganwadi centres (meaning “courtyard shelter”), the Indian government runs a nationwide intervention providing nutrition supplement to pregnant mothers to improve the health of their children. Using two successive rounds of the nationally representative cross-sectional National Family Health Survey data (collected during 2005-2006 and 2015-2016) of India, we assessed whether nutrition supplements given to pregnant mothers through Anganwadi centres were associated with select child health indicators – extremely low birthweight (ELBW), very low birthweight (VLBW), low birthweight (LBW) and neonatal mortality (death during day 0-27) stratified by death during day 0-1, day 2-6, and day 7-27. A total of 148,019 children, and 205,593 children were eligible for analysing birthweight and neonatal mortality, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), estimated from multivariate logistic regression models suggest that receipt of nutrition supplements was associated with decreased risk of VLBW (OR:0.73, CI: 0.63-0.83, p<0.001), LBW (OR: 0.92, CI: 0.88-0.96, p<0.001), but not ELBW (OR: 0.80, CI: 0.56-1.15, p= 0.226). Women who always received nutrition supplements during their pregnancy saw lower risk of death of their neonates (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.61-0.73, p<0.001), including death on day 0-1 (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.58-0.74, p<0.001), day 2-6 (OR: 0.69, CI: 0.58-0.82, p<0.001), and day 7-27 (OR: 0.68, CI: 0.53-0.87, p=0.002). Therefore, nutritional supplementation to pregnant mothers appears to be helpful in deterring various stages of neonatal mortality, VLBW, and LBW, though it might not be effective in mitigating ELBW. Findings were discussed considering possible limitations of the study.

scholarly journals Pattern of anaemia, determinants and weekly iron and folic acid supplementation programme among tribal adolescent girls attending a primary health centre in Wayanad, Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Aman Bhardwaj ◽  
Aswathy Sreedevi ◽  
Sanjeev Vasudevan ◽  
Geetha Vidyadharan
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Tribal Area ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Anaemia is a major cause of concern during adolescence particularly among the persons of tribal origin. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of anaemia, determinants and coverage of the weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFS) programme among adolescent girls in a tribal area. A cross sectional study was conducted among 196 adolescent girls at a primary health care centre in tribal area of Kerala. Every alternate adolescent girl attending the centre was chosen over a period of three months. Assent and informed consent from accompanying parents was obtained. Haemoglobin was estimated by Sahli’s method and peripheral smear prepared. Three fourths of the adolescent girls had iron deficiency anaemia; of which 48.64% had moderate anaemia 5.40% had severe anaemia and 1.6% had sickle cell anaemia. Adolescents belonging to Paniya tribe and those not consuming Iron and folic acid tablets under WIFS programme were three times (OR 2.95 95% CI 1.38,6.28) and two times (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.24, 5.11) respectively were more likely to be anaemic. Most (80%) of the anaemic girls were unaware about WIFS scheme and the intake of the iron supplementation was significantly higher in school going girls. Strengthening the WIFS scheme by targeting the vulnerable adolescent girls of Paniya tribe and out of school girls are of extreme importance in tackling the problem of anaemia among tribal adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Maternal Knowledge Associated with the Prevalence of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Among Pregnant Women in Muntinlupa, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yamashita ◽  
Ramon Emilio Daniel Roces ◽  
Cecilia Ladines-Llave ◽  
Maria Teresa Reyes Tuliao ◽  
Mary Wanjira Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid
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