Breakfast skipping and cognitive and emotional engagement at school: A cross-sectional population level study

Abstract Objective: Research on the consequences of breakfast skipping among students tends to focus on academic outcomes, rather than student wellbeing or engagement at school. This study investigated the association between breakfast skipping and cognitive and emotional aspects of school engagement. Design: Cross-sectional study using data from a population level survey of children and adolescents’ wellbeing and engagement at school. Linear regression with adjustment for confounders was used to estimate the effect of breakfast skipping on school engagement. Setting: Government schools (i.e. public schools) in South Australia. Participants: The participants were students, Grades 4 to 12, who completed the Wellbeing and Engagement Collection in 2019. The analysis sample included 61,825 students. Results: 9.6% of students reported always skipping breakfast, with 35.4% sometimes skipping, and 55.0% never skipping. In the adjusted linear regression models, children and adolescents who always skipped breakfast reported lower levels of cognitive engagement (β = −0.26 (95% CI −0.29, −0.25)), engagement with teachers (β = −0.17 (95% CI −0.18, −0.15)), and school climate (β = −0.17 (95% CI −0.19, −0.15)), compared to those who never skipped breakfast, after controlling for age, gender, health, sleep, sadness and worries, parental education, socioeconomic status, and geographical remoteness. Conclusion: Consistent with our hypothesis, skipping breakfast was associated with lower cognitive and emotional engagement, which could be due to mechanisms such as short-term energy supply and long term health impacts. Therefore, decreasing the prevalence of breakfast skipping could have a positive impact on school engagement.

Download Full-text

Basic Epidemiology of Wellbeing Amongst Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Population Level Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3830373 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tess Gregory ◽

Alanna Sincovich ◽

Mary Brushe ◽

Amy Finlay-Jones ◽

Luke Collier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional

Download Full-text

A Systematic Review of the Association of Skipping Breakfast with Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents. What Should We Better Investigate in the Future?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 387 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Alice Monzani ◽

Roberta Ricotti ◽

Marina Caputo ◽

Arianna Solito ◽

Francesca Archero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Best Practice ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Nutrition Quality ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Metabolic Outcomes ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Skipping Breakfast

The incidence of skipping breakfast in pediatric subjects is rising, and a relationship with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) has been shown. Associations with cardiovascular outcomes and skipping breakfast in adults have been reported. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of skipping breakfast with body weight and metabolic outcomes in the pediatric population. We searched relevant databases (2008–2018) and identified 56 articles, of which 39 were suitable to be included, basing on inclusion criteria (observational; defined breakfast skipping; weight and/or metabolic outcomes). Overall, 286,804 children and adolescents living in 33 countries were included. The definitions of OW/OB, skipping breakfast, and the nutrient assessment were highly heterogeneous. Confounding factors were reported infrequently. The prevalence of skipping breakfast ranged 10–30%, with an increasing trend in adolescents, mainly in girls. Skipping breakfast was associated with OW/OB in the 94.7% of the subjects. The lack of association was shown mainly in infants. Moreover, 16,130 subjects were investigated for cardiometabolic outcomes. Skipping breakfast was associated with a worse lipid profile, blood pressure levels, insulin-resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Five studies reported a lower quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review supports skipping breakfast as an easy marker of the risk of OW/OB and metabolic diseases, whether or not it is directly involved in causality. We encourage intervention studies using standardized and generalizable indicators. Data on confounders, time of fasting, chronotypes, and nutrition quality are needed to establish the best practice for using it as a tool for assessing obesity risk.

Download Full-text

Potential Association between Breakfast Skipping and Concomitant Late-Night-Dinner Eating with Metabolic Syndrome and Proteinuria in the Japanese Population

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2014/253581 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ayano Kutsuma ◽

Kei Nakajima ◽

Kaname Suwa

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Japanese Population ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Late Night ◽

General Japanese Population ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Skipping Breakfast

Skipping breakfast is considered to be an unhealthy eating habit linked to predispositions to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because eating dinner late at night can elicit subsequent breakfast skipping, we investigated if skipping breakfast concomitant with late-night-dinner eating (LNDE) was associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and proteinuria in the general Japanese population. We examined self-reported habitual breakfast skipping and LNDE, MetS (modified ATP-III criteria), and proteinuria in a cross-sectional study of 60,800 Japanese adults aged 20–75 years. A total of 14,068 subjects (23.1%) skipped breakfast, of whom approximately half (52.8%) skipped breakfast alone (without LNDE). The percentages of subjects who skipped breakfast showed a J-shaped relationship with body mass index (BMI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast concomitant with LNDE (n= 6,645) was significantly associated with MetS and proteinuria, even after adjusting for relevant confounders (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.17 (1.08–1.28),P=0.0003, and 1.37 (1.24–1.52),P<0.0001, resp.). Skipping breakfast alone and LNDE alone were not associated with MetS and proteinuria, respectively. In conclusion, habitual breakfast skipping concomitant with LNDE may represent poorer eating behavior than skipping breakfast alone, associated with MetS, asymptomatic proteinuria, obesity, and low body weight in the general Japanese population.

Download Full-text

Basic epidemiology of wellbeing among children and adolescents: A cross-sectional population level study

SSM - Population Health ◽

10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 100907

Author(s):

Tess Gregory ◽

Alanna Sincovich ◽

Mary Brushe ◽

Amy Finlay-Jones ◽

Luke R. Collier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Population Level ◽

Cross Sectional

Download Full-text

Analysis of the chemerin and resistin adipokines in children and adolescents

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.66.3.300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 300-306

Author(s):

Vanessa S. Fontes ◽

Kácia Mateus ◽

Michele P. Netto ◽

Renata M. S. Oliveira ◽

George L. L. Machado-Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To compare the serum concentrations of adipokines resistin and chemerin in children and adolescents with eutrophic and overweight and to evaluate their relationship with anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure variables. METHODS a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 234 students enrolled in public elementary schools in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. Anthropometric evaluation, biochemistry, and blood pressure measurement were performed. Statistical analyzes included the Student-t or Mann-Whitney tests, Pearson or Spearman correlation, used according to the distribution of the variables, and linear regression analysis, by means of the evaluation of the effect of the independent variables on the serum levels of chemerin and resistin, adjusted for age and sex. For the data analysis, SPSS® software version 21.0 and STATA® version 10.1 were used, assuming a significance level of 5%. RESULTS the concentrations of chemerin were higher in eutrophic individuals than in those with excess weight (p> 0.05). In contrast, levels of resistin were higher in the young with excess weight than in the eutrophic ones (p <0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, the levels of chemerin were associated with the values of resistin, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. Resistance levels maintained association only with BMI and chemerin values. CONCLUSION the adipokines analyzed presented a distinct profile in the groups of children and adolescents with eutrophic and overweight.

Download Full-text

Food environment, social deprivation and obesity among students from Brazilian public schools

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001800112x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1920-1927 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maíra Macário de Assis ◽

Maria Alvim Leite ◽

Ariene Silva do Carmo ◽

Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade ◽

Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Food Environment ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Deprivation Level ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between social deprivation and the food environment. Furthermore, to evaluate if the food environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity among students in Brazilian public schools.DesignCross-sectional. For the classification of obesity, weight and height were measured, and the cut-off point of BMI-for-age Z-score >+2 was adopted. Social deprivation level was determined from the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). To assess the food environment, the density of food establishments in urban residential areas was calculated. Associations between the food environment and the presence of obesity were estimated by binary logistic regression through a generalized estimating equations model.SettingJuiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.SubjectsChildren and adolescents (n 661) aged 7–14 years.ResultsThe lowest social deprivation level showed a higher density of all types of establishments that sold predominantly unhealthy foods. An inverse association was found between the density of supermarkets and hypermarkets and the presence of obesity (OR=0·58; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·93). For the other categories of food retailers, no significant differences were found.ConclusionsThe findings reinforce the need for public policies that promote equality in the food environments of the city. Also, further investigations into the influence of the presence of supermarkets on the nutritional status of children and adolescents are required.

Download Full-text

Breakfast Skipping and Obesity Risk among Urban Adults in Bangladesh

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/.v3i1.4670 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shatabdi Goon ◽

Md. Saiful Islam

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Positive Association ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Urban Adults ◽

Promotion Strategies ◽

Skipping Breakfast

Positive association between skipping breakfast and overweight and obesity is globally observed regardless of cultural diversity among countries. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a total of 426 urban adults, who were randomly selected in a nutrition counseling center of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The objective of this study was determining the association between breakfast skipping and obesity risk in urban adults of Bangladesh. Results indicated that approximately 35.2% of the sample skipped breakfast. Gender was the only statistically significant sociodemographic variable, with females skipping at two times the rate of males (OR 95% CI: 1.9; 1.3-2.9). Obesity was detected among 39.5% of breakfast skippers and they showed significantly high prevalence (X2=30.15, p<0.05). Skippers were significantly more likely being obese (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.2-5.5) and obesity was more prevalent in female skippers (X2=8.7, p<0.05), with three times more compared to male skippers (OR 95% CI: 2.8; 1.4-5.9). Breakfast skipping is highly prevalent among urban adult population with significant association of obesity in Bangladesh. Health promotion strategies should be used to encourage all adults to eat breakfast regularly.

Download Full-text

Skipping breakfast and mood: The role of sleep

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106020984861 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602098486

Author(s):

Zon-Shuan Chang ◽

Ali Boolani ◽

Deirdre A. Conroy ◽

Tom Dunietz ◽

Erica C. Jansen

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Mood States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Night Time ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Time Awake ◽

Skipping Breakfast

Background: Breakfast skipping has been related to poor mood, but the role of sleep in this relationship remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate whether breakfast skipping associated with mood independently of sleep, and whether sleep interacted with breakfast skipping. Methods: During an in-person research visit, a sample of 329 adults completed questionnaires regarding last night’s sleep, current morning breakfast intake, and mid-morning mood states. Sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between breakfast skipping and mood and interactions with sleep. Results: Among males, those who did not consume breakfast had less vigor independent of sleep (β=−2.72 with 95% CI −4.91, −0.53). Among females, those who did not consume breakfast had higher feelings of anxiety (β=1.21 with 95% CI −0.04, 2.47). Interaction analyses revealed that males with longer time to fall asleep and longer night-time awake time had higher depression scores in the presence of breakfast skipping, and females with more night-time awake time and shorter duration had higher fatigue and less vigor if they were also breakfast skippers. Conclusion: Breakfast skipping and poor sleep may jointly affect mood.

Download Full-text

Calcium status in Moroccan children and adolescents assessed by 24-hour urinary excretion

The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research - July-December 2021 ◽

10.51745/najfnr.3.5.172-179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 172-179

Author(s):

Amina Bouziani ◽

Naima Saeid ◽

Mohamed Idrissi ◽

Mohammed El Mzibri ◽

Kaoutar Bendjeddou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Population Data ◽

Later Life ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ca Deficiency ◽

Moroccan Children

Background: Worldwide, calcium (Ca) deficiency represents one of the most important deficiencies of all micronutrients. When associated with vitamin D deficiency, it constitutes a major health issue, responsible for many functional diseases especially osteoporosis and fracture risk at the later life. In the Moroccan population, data on Ca deficiency risks are really limited. The urinary losses present a significant determinant of Ca urinary excretion being a crucial determinant of its retention in the human body. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the level of urinary Ca excretion in a sample of Moroccan children and adolescents, and to assess the prevalence of Ca deficiency. Subjects and Methods: 131 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 18 years, were recruited from public schools at Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region in the framework of a descriptive cross-sectional study. Socio-economic status, morbidity, and anthropometric parameters were assessed for each participant. Ca assessment was estimated through 24-hour urine measurements by ICP-mass spectrometry. Results: The total mean of urinary Ca was 72.48 mg/day and about 73% of participants presented a urinary Ca deficiency. No significant differences were observed according to sex and nutritional status. Conclusions: Moroccan children and adolescents might be at risk of Ca deficiency complications. Based on this finding, an appropriate intervention strategy should be adopted to control this deficiency through an overall assessment of Ca deficiency in general population. Keywords: Moroccan children and adolescents, urinary Ca, Ca deficiency.

Download Full-text

Behavior in children and adolescents associated to screen time in Porto Velho, Brazilian Western Amazon

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.36311/jhgd.v31.11103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 66-75

Author(s):

Edson Dos Santos Farias ◽

Wellington Roberto Gomes de Carvalho ◽

Francisco Naildo Cardoso Leitão ◽

Josivana Pontes dos Santos ◽

Rafael Fonseca de Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Elementary Education ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Practice ◽

Time Exposure ◽

School Based ◽

Measured Time ◽

Porto Velho

Introduction: In studies directed to children and adolescents, the sedentary behavior has been usually represented by exposure to screen, which comprise the total or separate measured time exposed to television, videogame, tablets, mobile devices, and computer. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with screen time in children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was carried out with 1,471 students from Elementary School, aged between 7 to 18 years (51.3% male), enrolled at public schools (55.6%) in Porto Velho, Rondônia (RO) state, Brazil. Excess screen time was defined as watching television, using the computer, and playing video games for more than two hours per day. Poisson regression was used to obtain crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CI. Results: Overall prevalence of screen time exposure over two hours per day was 65.9%. After adjustments, risk of screen time exposure was higher in males, PR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08 - 1.92), under or equal to 14 years old, PR = 1.69 (95% CI: 1.48 - 1.92), in the 5th grade, PR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.02 - 1.89), in the 6th grade, PR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06 - 1.97) and in the 7th grade, PR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.09 - 2.13), attending two weekly PE classes or fewer, PR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.07 - 1.53) ), consuming more than 3 daily meals, PR = 2.69 (95% CI: 2.14 - 3.37) and overweight, PR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.13 - 2.03). Conclusion: The findings showed that the exposure equal to or more than two hours of daily screen time was high. The students more exposed to this outcome had the next characteristics: male sex, age less than or equal to 14 years, from the fifth, sixth, and seventh grade of elementary education, practice physical education classes less than or equal to two hours per week, consume more than three meals daily and have excess body fat (G%).

Download Full-text