Processual archaeology and gender politics. The loss of innocence

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pope
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
The Social ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

AbstractProviding a younger woman's perspective, and born out of the 2006 Cambridge Personal Histories event on 1960s archaeology, this paper struggles to reconcile the panel's characterization of a ‘democratization’ of the field with an apparent absence of women, despite their relative visibility in 1920s–1940s archaeology. Focusing on Cambridge, as the birthplace of processualism, the paper tackles the question ‘where were the women?’ in 1950s–1960s archaeology. A sociohistorical perspective considers the impact of traditional societal views regarding the social role of women; the active gendering of science education; the slow increase of university places for young women; and the ‘marriage bars’ of post-war Britain, crucially restricting women's access to the professions in the era of professionalization, leading to decades of positive discrimination in favour of men. Pointing to the science of male and female archaeologists in 1920s–1930s Cambridge, it challenges ideas of scientific archaeology as a peculiarly post-war (and male) endeavour. The paper concludes that processual archaeology did not seek to democratize the field for women archaeologists.

Building Calculated Uncertainty: Cedric Price’s Interaction Centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Marcela Aragüez
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Social Critic ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potteries Thinkbelt ◽  
Post War

As his friend Niall Hobhouse claimed, Cedric Price ‘wasn’t really an architect, but a social critic to the left of the Left who stumbled on the post-war ruins of modernism’.1 The role of Price’s unbuilt legacy for Western architectural culture has been praised extensively, with a special emphasis on the unorthodox nature of both his practice and academic contributions.2 Succeeding generations have found inspiration in Price’s personal view of the architectural profession, his work being positioned often within radical and utopian approaches yet involving a committed social agenda. The social role of architecture was for Price tightly linked to the capacity of the built environment to be adapted by its users. Buildings should be understood as temporary commodities, malleable objects with a short lifespan dictated by their usefulness for the community. Conceived as infrastructures, unbuilt projects such as the famous Fun Palace, Potteries Thinkbelt, or Magnet were formulated as productive objects with a profound commitment for socially regenerating the contexts into which they were to be inserted.

scholarly journals Production of Gender: A Study on Performativity in Female-To-Male Transsexuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Tanu Priya ◽  
Dhishna Panniko
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Gender identity is critical to every individual; it is self-defined and yet affected by culture and society at large. Gender identities are formed through public and private spaces. Of the two traditions of thinking (essentialist and constructionist) about sex and gender, constructionist formulations are based on performance theory. It believes that sex and gender are viewed as not residing in the individual but are found in “those interactions that are socially constructed as gendered as opposed to essentialist tradition. Within performative theory, gender is a process rather than something naturally possessed. This study explores the process of formation of gender or social role in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual.  It will do so by exploring the factors that add to the formation of a gender role as seen through sartorial style, mannerisms, body language, and other aspects that influence one’s presentation of self. It includes the process of construction of FTM transsexual’s corporeality through performative attributes in order to approximate masculinity and come in accord with the social role of a man. The themes that are discussed in the analysis emerged after a careful reading of FTM autobiographical narratives. The instances are extracted from FTM autobiographical narratives; Becoming a Visible Man, The Testosterone Files, Both Sides now and the publication of these narratives range from 2005-2006.

scholarly journals KAZIMIERZ MALINOWSKI – MUSEUM PROFESSIONAL

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Gerard Radecki
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One

Year 2017 marks the 110th birthday anniversary and 40th anniversary of the death of Kazimierz Malinowski. June 2016 marked half a century since he re-took the post of Director of the National Museum in Poznań. The circumstances in question require us to remember an individual who was of great merit to Polish museology and to the National Museum in Poznań. The title of this text paraphrases the title of an article by Kazimierz Malinowski Michał Walicki - museum professional, published in the “Muzealnictwo” magazine and devoted to a renowned art historian and researcher on Gothic art in Poland. Walicki is less known as a museum professional and even less as a mentor to Malinowski himself. However, if one attempted to determine the whole range of the activity of the latter using one word only, the term “museum professional”, rather disregarded today, seems to be the most capacious and adequate. It reminds about Malinowski in some of the most significant aspects of his activity, including the one as: 1/ a museum professional in the strict sense, but also a practician working in a museum and taking part in the life of this environment in the broadest meaning, 2/ a propagator of the social role of museums as institutions open to the general public, 3/ the long-term Director of the National Museum in Poznań, a visionary and a curator of the institution’s new programme. Malinowski was one of a few of the most important figures of the post-war museology in Poland. Today, he is almost entirely forgotten. Almost total absence of this name in today’s museum circles also results from an unsatisfactory state of research into his professional biography. Nevertheless, Malinowski’s activity, even only in the field of museology, as his second major field of activity was conservation, is still to be meticulously analysed. Therefore, many opinions presented below should be treated as suggestions and hypotheses, still to be further verified, given the current state of research. However, his main fields of activity have been roughly, as it may seem, sketched out in this article. They present him as a propagator of the social role of museums – institutions open to the general public, which, in turn, will prove the topicality of Malinowski’s suggestions in comparison with current discussions on museums’ functions.

scholarly journals A literatura como via de reconstrução nacional: o contexto curitibano no período posterior à Revolução Federalista (1890-1900) * Literature as a means of national reconstruction: Curitiba’s context during the period after the federalist revolution...

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
CAROLINE BARON MARACH
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
The Federalist ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O artigo objetiva tratar do impacto da Revolução Federalista sobre os discursos dos literatos paranaenses do contexto do final do século XIX. Também busca discutir o papel do literato naquela sociedade, explorando as fontes que tratam desse assunto. O corpo documental deste trabalho compreende duas revistas importantes do período para o meio literato local, o <em>Clube Curitibano (1890-1912)</em> e <em>O Cenáculo (1895-1897)</em>. Além desses periódicos, a análise também abrange obras biográficas sobre os escritores e colaboradores mais assíduos dos dois periódicos. Tais agentes são entendidos aqui como “atores linguísticos”, expressão utilizada por John Pocock para designar os que operam como articuladores da linguagem de uma época, visando à defesa de interesses e à expressão de determinadas ideias e valores. Foram, portanto, mediadores da cultura de sua época, pois assumiram, de maneira engajada, posicionamentos referentes à vida em sociedade, nela desempenhando, a um só tempo, os papéis de atores, testemunhas e consciências do contexto por eles vivenciado.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Revolução – Literatura – Intelectuais.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article intends to examine the impact of Federalistic War on the writer’s ideas in the context of the Nineteenth Century in the Brazilian state of Parana. It also intends to discuss the social role of the <em>literati</em> in that society, exploring the magazines as historic sources. The documental corpus of this work covers the <em>Club Curitibano</em> <em>Magazine</em> (Revista do Clube Curitibano) (1890-1912) and <em>The Cenacle</em> (1895-1897). Besides theses sources, the analysis covers biographical works about the main contributors of the magazines already mentioned. We understand that these writers are "linguistic actors", a term used by John Pocock to designate the ones who operate as language articulators of an epoch, aimed at defending interests and the expression of certain ideas and values. Therefore, they were the culture mediators of their time, since they assumed, in an engaged way, positions concerning life in society, performing on it, at the same time, the roles of actors, witnesses and consciences of the context experienced by them.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Revolution – Literature – Intelectuals.<strong></strong></p>

Mobility Mechanisms

Uneven Odds ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
Divya Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Major Question ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determining Factor

The relative and absolute rates of mobility are significant in their own regard, however, it leaves open the question of the ‘processual effects’ of industrialization, or in other words what are the drivers of this mobility. This chapter studies the impact of education on social mobility. The major question posed here is whether education acts as a mediator of mobility or not. Or, are the social origin or inherited characteristics (caste and class) the primary determining factor where the chances of social mobility are concerned? Finally, whether the impact of education varies by community. We find that education mediates the origin-destination relation, with those with higher levels of education able to secure more chances of upward mobility. The critical role of caste and gender is underlined.

scholarly journals Religious Regimes: Rethinking the Societal Role of Religion in Post-War Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER VAN DAM ◽  
PAUL VAN TRIGT
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Christian Nation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Societal Role

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of ‘religious regimes’ in order to identify institutionalised arrangements regulating the social position of religion. By analysing such regimes and the views underpinning them, three visions of the societal role of religion come into focus: segmented pluralism, the Christian nation and the secular nation. Taking up Dutch post-war history as a case study, it becomes clear that religious regimes regularly result from fragile compromises. The concept thus yields insight into the gradual transitions between different institutional arrangements regarding religion and into the impact of changing views on the societal role of religion within and outside religious communities.

scholarly journals Life – Paris Match – Świat: East/West Image Transfer in the Weekly Magazine Świat (1951–1969) and the Impact of the Magnum Style on Photo-Reportage in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-129
Author(s):  
Margarete Wach
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Editorial Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
East West

Polish photo-reportage of the 1950s and 1960s was crucially shaped by the illustrated weekly newspaper Świat (The World, 1951–1969). The magazine was conceived in the heyday of Stalinism and the socialist realist doctrine to keep pace with its Western counterparts Life, Paris Match or Picture Post during the Cold War. In the new political system, the social role of photography was to agitate, but the photoeditor- in-chief, Władysław Sławny (1907–1991), designed Świat in the style of Henry Cartier-Bresson’s ‘decisive moment’ aesthetics. He published the works of Magnum photographers and other Western colleagues. This article analyzes the massive transfer of knowledge, human resources and photography between Poland and France which flowered in the 1950s. The transcultural exchange was implemented with the aid of personal contacts and editorial practice that promoted photo transfer from the West and corresponded with the atmosphere of the ‘thaw’ after Stalin’s death. It shows that photographers travelled eastwards as well as westwards, and that the Iron Curtain was visually more permeable in both directions than has previously been suggested.

scholarly journals An essay on individual self-determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Margarete Afonso ◽  
Ernane Pedro Matos Barros ◽  
Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti ◽  
Mariane Albuquerque Lima Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Individual Self

There are several understandings about the role of human gender identity in the scientific field, this discussion correlates definitions of both social and biological basis. The current confusion in the conceptualization of “sex” and “gender” demonstrates the need for a comparative analysis of the scientific dynamic vocabulary, as well as the insertion of an interdisciplinary historical, social and cultural point of view together with the biological view outside the normative binary logic. The word “gender” can be defined as the social construction of sex, differing from the variable “sex” because it refers to a biological dimension of the anatomo-physiological characterization of humans, recognized as essential and innate in determining the distinctions between male and female. Therefore, the JHGD presents a thematic diversity that focuses on issues related to public health, demonstrating the need to develop knowledge to generate impact on public policy strategies, aiming at universality, equity and comprehensiveness in scientific research involving sexand gender and their impacts on health sciences.

scholarly journals MAMÁ, QUIERO SER “TRONISTA”. EL PODER DE LA PROGRAMACIÓN TELEVISIVA EN ADOLESCENTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Laura Gorjón Palos ◽  
Ana Isabel Isidro de Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Reality Show ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

Abstract.MOMMY, I WANT TO BE A REALITY SHOW CONTESTANT. THE POWER OF THE TELEVISION PROGRAMMING IN ADOLESCENTSThe media have gained great importance as a socializing agent, building up and transmitting identities through images and speeches, in such a way that they influence, immediately and daily, the behaviors and attitudes of the spectators. One of those media, so deeply rooted in our daily habits that we can hardly detach from both its consumption and the power that it exerts on us, is television (conventional or through Internet). The competition between the television networks and the terrible fight for the audience have led to a change in the programming, in such a way that, at present, a significant percentage of the guide is constituted by the so-called trash TV programs, among which are those exhibiting prejudices and gender stereotypes. This paper aims for examine the television products consumed by adolescents and the impact and influence that the so called “reality shows” have. To do this, a homemade questionnaire of 36 items (with open, closed and Likert-type questions) was used on a sample of 237 subjects, aged between 14 and 23 years old. After data analyzing, grouping, contrasting and interpreting, it was found that television consumption among the subjects of the sample was massive and daily (99.4%), as well as the related comments on the social networks. Similarly, 73% of the subjects claimed to be a follower of at least one reality show, most of them (87.3%) found important advantages to the fact of going out on TV, 35% would like to be people related to fame and a surprising 27% would like to participate in a reality show. The results show the necessity of an education for the television products consumption that put the emphasis on the reflective and critical role of the spectator.Keywords: Trash television; Reality show; SpectatorResumen.Los medios de comunicación han cobrado gran importancia como agente socializador, forjando y transmitiendo identidades a través de imágenes y discursos, de tal modo que influyen, de manera inmediata y cotidiana, en las conductas y actitudes de los espectadores. Y uno de esos medios, tan profundamente arraigado en nuestras costumbres cotidianas que difícilmente podemos desprendernos de su consumo y del poder que ejerce sobre nosotros, es la televisión (convencional o visionada a través de internet). La competencia de las cadenas televisivas y la feroz lucha por la audiencia han llevado a un cambio en la programación, de tal manera que, en la actualidad, un porcentaje importante de la parrilla lo constituyen los denominados programas basura, entre los que no son ajenos aquéllos que exhiben prejuicios y estereotipos de género. Este trabajo pretende examinar los productos televisivos consumidos por los adolescentes y el impacto e influencia que tienen en ellos los denominados “reality shows”. Para ello se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia de 36 ítems (con preguntas abiertas, cerradas y tipo Likert), que fue aplicado a una muestra de 237 sujetos de entre 14 y 23 años. Tras analizar, agrupar, contrastar e interpretar los datos, constatamos que el consumo de televisión entre los sujetos de la muestra es masivo y cotidiano (99,4%), así como los comentarios al respecto en las redes sociales. De igual manera, un 73% de los sujetos manifiesta ser seguidor de, al menos, un reality show, una mayoría (87,3%) encuentra importantes ventajas al hecho de salir en televisión, a un 35% les gustaría ser personas relacionadas con la fama y a un sorprendente 27% les gustaría participar en un reality show. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de una educación para el consumo de los productos televisivos que ponga el énfasis en el papel reflexivo y crítico del espectador.Palabras clave: Televisión basura; Reality show; Espectador

scholarly journals Noncity. Part 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Andrey Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
Business Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Andrey Bokov explores the Soviet space and its three stages, its stable characteristics and evolution of relationship between a city and a village. He evaluates the significance of production for Soviet cities and analyzes the evolution of the social structure of the Soviet society. Bokov highlights the changes in the role of Soviet architects and architectural language and the impact of the post-war experience of the West. The author identifies specific characteristics of post-Soviet cities of the RF and the relationship between business, power and society. He underlines the lack of systematic approach in the post-Soviet spatial and social development. He suggests possible ways for further transformation of the structure of the Russian space.

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