Characterization of Glue Sizing Layers in Portuguese Wood Paintings from the 15th and 16th Centuries by SEM Secondary Electron Images and μ-FTIR

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Antunes ◽  
Maria J.Oliveira ◽  
Helena Vargas ◽  
António Candeias ◽  
Ana Seruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Animal Glue ◽  
Precise Characterization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAccording to treatises on 15th and 16th century paintings, artists dedicated particular attention to the sizing layer—consisting mainly of animal glue applied onto the wood support before further application of the ground layer. The stability of a painting mainly depends on the presence of a very cohesive sizing layer. However, the study of these layers has not received special attention from researchers. In this article we present a methodology for characterization of the sizing layer both chemically, by IR spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and morphologically, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Secondary electron images obtained by SEM allow precise characterization of such layers. Painting reconstructions were used as references in development of the method to study the sizing layer in real painting samples. Presented herein are examples of this study on 15th and 16th century Portuguese paintings, particularly on the Triptych of S. Simão, from the Aveiro Museum, and S. Pedro, belonging to the Mercy of Tavira.

Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Doped SnO2 Nano-Flowers

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this present work, a new method for preparing NiO doped SnO2 nanoflowers by hydrothermal route is suggested. The composition and microstructure of samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Moreover, a possible formation mechanism was discussed.

Modification and characterization of polysulfone films by ionizing radiation (gamma-rays) with enhanced hydrophilicity

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 3833-3837
Author(s):  
Israel Fredy Sánchez-Salinas ◽  
Javier Illescas ◽  
Claudia Rosario Muro-Urista ◽  
Guillermina Burillo ◽  
María del Carmen Díaz Nava
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractPolysulfone (Pfu) films were modified by grafting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by the oxidative pre-irradiation technique. To achieve this modification, some parameters were modified such as the radiation dose, the concentration of PVA, the temperature and the reaction time. It was found that the grafted films with 12% presented a greater grafting percentage (0.86%). The modified films were characterized by means of the contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.

Preparation and Characterization of Lizardite

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Shu Min Zheng ◽  
Kai Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lizardite were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in an Fe3+doped solution/environment using nanometer SiO2and MgO as precursors. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that: the synthetic samples are lizardite with a thickness ranging from 60 nm to 200 nm in the temperature range 200°C~230°C.

Crystallization of Aragonite from Vaterite Precursor during Various Refluxing Times

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Ševčík ◽  
Petra Mácová ◽  
Marta Pérez-Estébanez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gradual Transformation ◽  
Scanning Electron

CaCO3 polymorphs are intensively studied due to their importance in the nature and the widespread use in the industry as well. This work is dealing with the crystallization of aragonite from vaterite dispersion during the refluxation at 100°C. The characterization of CaCO3 polymorphs during vaterite transformation was performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The influence of the different refluxing times on the aragonite crystallization was discussed. The purest aragonite, 70.7(2) wt.%, was synthetized in the sample refluxed for 60 minutes. Prolonged refluxation strongly affected aragonite crystals with gradual transformation into calcite.

Thermal Characterization of Low Grade Wood Polyacylonitrile Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
P.L. Sah ◽  
M.G.H. Zaidi ◽  
Anupam Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

A series of wood polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composites (WPCs) were synthesized through impregnation polymerization of Eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus Grandies) by acrylonitrile (AN) in methanol (20-60% v/v) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (1.0% w/v) in benzene medium at 70 ±10C. This resulted in corresponding WPCs with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) loading in the range of 15.5-20%. Loading of PAN into wood, as ascertained through TGA, DTGA and DTA and supported by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was found to increase the resistance against thermo-oxidation of WPCs in comparison to untreated wood.

Intercalation of Tb(III) into magadiite and characterization of Tb-intercalated magadiites

Clay Minerals ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Bao Yao ◽  
Yan Zou ◽  
Yudong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe intercalation of Tb(III) into layered magadiite is achieved by three-step ion exchanges with H+/Na+, TBA+ (tetra-n-butylammonium ions)/H+ and Tb(EDTA)3+/TBA+. Various techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and photoluminescent spectroscopy (PL), were employed to characterize the Tb-intercalated magadiites. The XRD results revealed that the basal spacing of the Tb-intercalated magadiites was obviously larger than that of the Na-magadiite, confirming the intercalation. The IR spectra showed no bands attributable to EDTA in the Tb-intercalated magadiites, indicating that the EDTA has broken away from Tb(III)-ETDA complexes during ion exchange. Moreover, the basal spacing of Tb-intercalated magadiite tends to increase slightly with the increase in water content in the Tb-intercalated magadiite. The PL spectra show weak emissions, attributed to 5D4-7FJ (J = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions of Tb3+.

Characterization of Bismuth Vanadate Nanopowder Prepared by Microwave Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusit Pookmanee ◽  
Prakasit Intaphong ◽  
Jitrephan Phanmalee ◽  
Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bismuth Vanadate ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ammonium Vanadate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bismuth vanadate (Bi2VO5.5) nanopowder was prepared by microwave method at 500 Watt for 2, 4 and 6 min. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi (NO3)3•5H2O) and ammonium vanadate (NH4VO3) were used as the starting precursors with mole ratio of 2:1. The phase of Bi2VO5.5 nanopowder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of Bi2VO5.5 nanopowder was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of Bi2VO5.5 nanopowder was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The functional groups of Bi2VO5.5 nanopowder was identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Changes Induced by PVA in the Cement Microstructure Surrounding Aggregate

1994 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Un-Jen Chu ◽  
Jae-Ho Kim ◽  
Cheol Park ◽  
Richard E. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in portland cement during its hydration was found to induce changes in the microstructure and behavior of the paste that forms around aggregate. The microstructure was studied with scanning electron microscopy in secondary electron, backscattered electron, and EDX mapping modes and with Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy. The adhesion between cement paste and aggregate was examined with planar aggregate surfaces. With concentrations of the order of 1% by weight of PVA based onthe weight of the cement, the deposition of calcium hydroxide on the aggregate surface was found to be diminished and the porous layer that usually surrounds the aggregate to be reduced in thickness. Also, the bond between the aggregate and cement paste was increasedenough for the bond to approach the strength of the cement.

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