Contribution of Light and Electron Microscopy to Identification of Bark from Frangula azorica, an Azorean Medicinal Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1296-1303
Author(s):  
Maryam Malmir ◽  
Cátia Curica ◽  
Elsa T. Gomes ◽  
Rita Serrano ◽  
Olga Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Macaronesian Flora ◽  
Secretory Ducts

AbstractFrangula azorica V. Grubow is a Macaronesian flora medicinal plant, endemic from Azores islands and inscribed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. This species, known as “sanguinho,” belongs to the family Rhamnaceae, the same as Frangula alnus Mill. and Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper, two widely used official laxative herbal medicines of the western Pharmacopoeias constituted by the dried barks of each species. Morphological and chemical studies on F. azorica dried bark are scarce although it is potentially recognized as a Portuguese laxative herbal medicine. Macroscopically, the bark occurs in quills or nearly flat pieces. A channeled external surface with transversely elongated lenticels is characteristic. When the outer phellem layer is removed, a bright purple inner phellem layer is disclosed. Light and electron microscopy observations revealed flattened phellem cells with slightly thickened walls, cortical parenchyma with secretory ducts and groups of sclereids, phloem with groups of fibers and sheaths of parenchymatous cells containing druses or more frequently prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and parenchymatous medullary rays one to three cells wide with spherical starch grains. Observation of these botanical characteristics must be included in quality monographs of F. azorica bark herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Đa dạng tài nguyên cây làm thuốc tại khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Na Hang, tỉnh Tuyên Quang

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Thị Hải Nguyễn ◽  
Huy Thái Trần ◽  
Thế Cường Nguyễn ◽  
Thị Thanh Vân Trần
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Data Book

In Na Hang Nature Reserve there was identified 647 medicinal plant species belonging to 137 families, 4 vascular divisions: Lycopodiophyta with 3 species, 2 families; Polypodiophyta with20 species, 12 families; Pinophyta with 6 species, 4 families; Magnoliophyta with 618 species, 119 families. Concerning the diversity index: the family index: 4.72; the genus index: 1.49; the genus index/the family index: 3.16. In Na Hang Nature Rserve 10 families more species occupying 7.30% of the total families of medicinal plants with the total of species occupying 31.68% and 28.64% of the total of genus. The family more diverse is Asteraceae with 32 species, occupying 4.95% of the total of medicinal plants identified; following is Rubiaceae with 28 species (4.33%), Euphorbiaceae with 26 species (4.02%); Moraceae with 23 species (3.55%); Cucurbitaceae, Verbenaceae with the same number of species 18 (2.78%); Araceae with 17 species (2.63%); Zingiberaceae with 16 species (2.47%); Urticaceae with 15 species (2.32%); and the last are families Poaceae of species 12 (1.85%) in the total of species. 10 genera more diverse with 59 species (9.12% of the total of medicinal plants), Ficus (Moraceae) is more diverse with 15 species (2.32% of the total of medicinal plants) and another genera with from 4 to 7 species. In Nature Reserve of Na Hang we have confirmed the distribution of 30 precious and rare and endangered species priorto the conservation: 23 species in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007): VU - 16 species, EN - 07 species; 17 species in Red List of medicinal plant of Vietnam (2006):VU - 10 species, EN - 6 species and CR – 01 species; 07 species in IUCN Red List (2014): LR - 06 species and VU – 01 species.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants Traded in Informal Herbal Medicine Markets of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marula Triumph Rasethe ◽  
Sebua Silas Semenya ◽  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Plant Parts

Trading of herbal medicines generates economic opportunities for vulnerable groups living in periurban, rural, and marginalized areas. This study was aimed at identifying medicinal plant species traded in the Limpopo province in South Africa, including traded plant parts, conservation statutes of the species, and harvesting methods used to collect the species. Semistructured questionnaire supplemented by field observation was used to collect data from owners of 35 informal herbal medicine markets in the Limpopo province. A total of 150 medicinal plant products representing at least 79 plant species belonging to 45 botanical families, mainly the Fabaceae (11.4%), Asteraceae (7.6%), and Hyacinthaceae (6.3%), were traded in the study area. Roots (50.0%), bulbs (19.0%), and bark (16.0%) were the most frequently sold plant parts. Some of the traded species which includeAlepidea amatymbica, Bowiea volubilis, Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Clivia caulescens,Dioscorea sylvatica,Elaeodendron transvaalense, Encephalartos woodii,Eucomis pallidiflorasubsp.pole-evansii,Merwilla plumbea,Mondia whitei,Prunus africana, Siphonochilus aethiopicus, Synaptolepis oliveriana,andWarburgia salutarisare of conservation concern and listed on the South African Red Data List.Findings of this study call for effective law enforcement to curb illegal removal of wild plants especially those species that are at the verge of extinction.

OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN HERBAL UNTUK KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DESA WAJIK KABUPATEN LAMONGAN PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Mangestuti Agil ◽  
Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Herra Studiawan ◽  
Rakhmawati Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Health It ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Village

AbstrakBertani menjadi pencaharian warga Desa Wajik, Kecamatan Lamongan, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Kawasan desa itu ditumbuhi berbagai tanaman, seperti mangga, delima, jambu biji. Kesuburan tanah belum digunakan secara optimal untuk bertanam tanaman obat, yaitu yang termasuk dalam Taman Obat Keluarga (TOGA). Beberapa tanaman obat untuk pagar, seperti beluntas, belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Ini karena pengetahuan tentang tanaman obat dan khasiatnya belum dipahami, sehingga belum diutamakan untuk mencapai keadaan sehat. Tujuan program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan herbal untuk kesehatan. Penekanan diberikan pada peningkatan wawasan warga terhadap pemanfaatan herbal untuk kesehatan keluarga. Sasaran audiens adalah kadertim penggerak PKK desa yang berperan sentral dalam kesehatan keluarga. Kegiatan diselenggarakan melalui ceramah, pelatihan dan demonstrasi pembuatan ramuan tanaman obat, dan aplikasi aromaterapi. Pre dan post test dalam bentuk kuesioner tentang tanaman obat. Dari hasil tes diketahui pengetahuan peserta tentang tanaman obat dan khasiat cukup baik. Lebih dari 50% peserta belum mengetahui cara pengolahan pasca panen tanaman obat dan ramuan tanaman obat untuk kesehatan wanita. Kesimpulan program ini adalah terjadi peningkatan pemahaman peserta tentang tanaman obat untuk tujuan kesehatan.Kata kunci: Desa Wajik, Kesehatan, Optimalisasi, Tanaman obat.AbstractWajik Village is located in Lamongan Regency in East Java Province, and it has a population of almost 1700 people. Various plants such as mango, banana, pomegranate, and papaya trees grow well. Unfortunately, the Indonesian Government’s Program of TOGA, stands for Taman Obat keluarga (medicinal plant garden), meant to urges people to grow some beneficial medicinal plants in their own gardens was not successfully implemented. Eventhough some plants are found for hedges, such as betel, Pluchea indica plants, they are reluctant to apply them for maintenance of health. The purpose of the enlightenment programme aimed at enhancing the knowledge on medicinal plants in order to improve and maintain their health status. Participants of the program were cadres of PKK (Pembinaan Kesehatan) organization of the village. The program consisted of discussion, workshop and demonstration. Pre and post tests showed their understanding about medicinal plants and recipes, but did not understand post-harvest handling and some jamu products for women’s health. It wasconcluded, that the understanding of participants over the importance of herbal medicine and traditional medicine for health maintenance were low. It is concluded, that knowledge given during the program was able to enhance their understanding about herbal medicines for health.Keywords: Herbal medicines, Health, Optimization, Wajik Village.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and Systematic Distribution of Pit Membrane Thickenings in Oleaceae: Tori and Pseudo-Tori

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rabaey ◽  
Suzy Huysmans ◽  
Frederic Lens ◽  
Erik Smets ◽  
Steven Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
New Records ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Pit Membrane ◽  
The Family ◽  
Structural Differences

Recent studies on the functional significance of pit membranes in water conducting cells have renewed general interest in their micromorphology. At least two types of pit membrane thickenings have been described in angiosperm families, i.e. genuine tori and pseudo-tori. This study explores the distribution and morphology of pit membrane thickenings in 69 species and 23 genera within Oleaceae using light and electron microscopy. Torus-bearing pit membranes are confirmed for Osmanthus, and new records are reported for Chionanthus retusa, Picconia azorica, and P. excelsa, but not for the other species studied of Chionanthus. This infrageneric variation suggests that tori represent a plastic feature that has evolved more than once within the family as the result of functional adaptation to efficient and safe water transport. Pseudo-tori are observed in species of Abeliophyllum, Fontanesia, Forsythia, Jasminum, Ligustrum, Menodora, and Syringa. Based on structural differences, we state that tori and pseudo-tori can be distinguished as non-homologous features.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Herbal Medicines and Drugs: Their Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rombolà ◽  
Damiana Scuteri ◽  
Straface Marilisa ◽  
Chizuko Watanabe ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations

The therapeutic efficacy of a drug or its unexpected unwanted side effects may depend on the concurrent use of a medicinal plant. In particular, constituents in the medicinal plant extracts may influence drug bioavailability, metabolism and half-life, leading to drug toxicity or failure to obtain a therapeutic response. This narrative review focuses on clinical studies improving knowledge on the ability of selected herbal medicines to influence the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. Moreover, in vitro studies are useful to anticipate potential herbal medicine-drug interactions. In particular, they help to elucidate the cellular target (metabolic or transporter protein) and the mechanism (induction or inhibition) by which a single constituent of the herbal medicine acts. The authors highlight the difficulties in predicting herbal–drug interactions from in vitro data where high concentrations of extracts or their constituents are used and pharmacokinetics are missed. Moreover, the difficulty to compare results from human studies where different kinds of herbal extracts are used is discussed. The herbal medicines discussed are among the best sellers and they are reported in the “Herbal Medicines for Human Use” section of the European Medicinal Agency (EMA).

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Pharmacology and Chemistry of Pycnanthus angolensis over the last decade (2012-2021)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klev Gaïtan Sikam ◽  
Liliane Clotilde Dzouemo ◽  
Gervais Mouthé Happi ◽  
Jean Duplex Wansi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
The Family ◽  
African Traditional Medicine ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Chemical Studies

<i>Pycnanthus angolensis</i>, widely known under its trade name "ilomba", is a medicinal plant from the family Myristicaceae that has occupied a prominent place in African traditional medicine for several decades; its broad application to treat numerous diseases, including malaria, bacterial infections and most recently COVID-19. The various chemical studies undertaken on the plant identified many classes of specialized compounds, including quinone-terpenoids, lignans and isoflavonoids, as the most abundant and bioactive components. The plant is defined as a major asset in developing new potent drugs and deserves further investigation in this regard. This mini-review aims to compile the newly documented findings on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of<i> P. angolensis</i> over the last decade from 2012 to 2021. In this regard, a literature search using the keyword <i>Pycnanthus</i> has been done without language restriction in numerous online libraries, including Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and only papers on <i>Pycnanthus angolensis</i> published after 2011 have been exploited during the writing.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

Control of Autogenous Vein Grafts Prior to Reimplantation, By Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
M. Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Post Implantation

The ambient temperature and the nature of the storage fluids may well have significant effects upon the post-implantation behavior of venus autografts. A first step in the investigation of such effects is reported here. Experimental conditions have been set which approximate actual operating room procedures. Saphenous veins from dogs have been used as models in the experiments. After removal from the dogs the veins were kept for two hours under four different experimental conditions, viz at either 4°C or 23°C in either physiological saline or whole canine arterial blood. At the end of the two hours they were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Since no obvious changes or damage could be seen in the veins by light microscopy, even with the advantage of tissue specific stains, it was essential that the control of parameters for successful grafts be set by electron microscopy.

Ultrastructure of two neoplasms in culture compared with original biopsies

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Harb ◽  
James T. Casper ◽  
Vlcki Piaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Biopsy Specimen ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Human Tumor Cells ◽  
Morphological Distinction ◽  
Tumor Types

The application of tissue culture and the newer methodologies of direct cloning and colony formation of human tumor cells in soft agar hold promise as valuable modalities for a variety of diagnostic studies, which include morphological distinction between tumor types by electron microscopy (EM). We present here two cases in which cells in culture expressed distinct morphological features not apparent in the original biopsy specimen. Evaluation of the original biopsies by light and electron microscopy indicated both neoplasms to be undifferentiated sarcomas. Colonies of cells propagated in soft agar displayed features of rhabdomyoblasts in one case, and cultured cells of the second biopsy expressed features of Ewing's sarcoma.

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