Quality control and error detection in the radiotherapy treatment process

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Bate ◽  
Bruno Speleers ◽  
Luc A.M.L. Vakaet ◽  
Wilfried J. De Neve
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Important Change ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Purpose: In 1995, a post of quality control (QC) officer was established in the Radiotherapy Department of the University Hospital Gent (R-UZG). We report here the evolution of error detection in the domain of information transfer during the different steps of the treatment chain, in our department, since the creation of this job.Material and Methods: From January 1995 to December 1997 (1995 n = 831; 1996: n = 1095; 1997: n = 1091), data on errors were recorded. At the start, an inventory was made of the existing situation and a Quality Assurance (QA) program was outlined for process control. According to the site of origin of errors in the treatment preparation chain, errors were separated into five levels: medical treatment prescription, simulation, treatment planning, treatment data transfer and daily set-up.Results: The total number of errors found was 459 in 1995; 809 in 1996 and 1046 in 1997. During 1995 and 1996 the medical prescription protocols were adapted to the increasing need of the radiation technologists for more information. This explains an increased number of errors (from 80/459 to 276/809) in 1996. After a period of adaptation, the number of errors decreased in 1997 (257/1046). The second level, where many errors were found, is at the transfer phase (1995: 181/459 1996: 210/809; 1997: 336/1046). Most of these errors were made during the transfer of data from the prescription chart to the computer. These errors were due to lack of attention, human mistakes and calculation errors. The number of errors during simulation increased due to rotation of personnel in 1996. The increase persisted in 1997 for the same reason. Transfer errors due to the automatic transfer of leaf settings decreased (1995:18/29; 1996:15/17; 1997:7/31) Thanks to the start of QC management, errors were detected and corrected in the entire treatment process at R-UZG. Once changes were accepted, new challenges were initiated. After each evaluation, initiatives were taken to try to decrease specific errors. Changing attitudes was a difficult and slow process, but progress was made. The most important change in attitude certainly was the acceptation of the concept of QC.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study and Analysis of LEACH and HEED Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks – With Suggestion for Improvements

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anitha ◽  
V. Vijayakumari ◽  
S. Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
5 Ghz

<p>The main interesting aspect of the digital era is the widely spread ease of communication from one end of the world to the other end of the world. There is a revolution in communication, digitalization, globalization, video calling, wireless data transfer and this is possible due to networking. Initially computer networks is the data sharing where data such as documents, file, reports, presentation files, videos, images etc can be shared within a local network or remotely connected networks. Traditional data networking is to empower end-to-end information transfer. The data in such networks are carried across point-to-point links and the intermediate nodes just forward the packets, where the payload of the packets is not modified. Traditional LANs need wires, which may be difficult to set up in some situations.</p><p>It is very much understandable and clearly visible that wired communication is being completely overtaken by wireless technologies in the recent past. Wireless LANs, by its very nature, empowers with increased mobility and flexibility. Wi-Fi devices get connected to the internet through WLAN and access points. 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands are used by Wi-Fi. Also, it is to be understood that, a wireless adhoc network is distributed in its nature. It is also to be noted that, the adhoc nature makes these network to rely on any of the pre-existing infrastructure. The data forwarding shall happen from the nodes very much dynamically based on the connectivity and the routing algorithm used.  </p>

DRUG REGULATORY PROCEDURES IN TANZANIA: A GLIMPSE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achin Jain ◽  
M P Venkatesh M P ◽  
Pramod T.M. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Set Up

In Tanzania, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority (TFDA), is a regulatory body responsible for controlling the quality,safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, herbal drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. The Authority has been ensuringsafety, efficacy and quality of medicines by quality control tests; in addition to other quality assessment mechanisms.The guidelines laid by TFDA have also emanated from commitment to democracy and gives strong emphasis to thefulfilment of the needs of the less privileged rural population.Tanzania is an emerging market; the pharmaceutical market is valued at over US$250 million, and is growing at anannual rate of around 16.5% and is expected to reach approximately US$550 billion in 2020. Currently, the market ishighly dependent on imports, which account for around 75% of the total pharmaceutical market.The procedures and approval requirements of new drugs, variations, import, export and disposal have been set up bythe TFDA, which help in maintaining quality of the drug products that are imported as well being produced locally 

scholarly journals COVID-19 does not stop obstetrics: what we need to change to go on safely birthing. The experience of a University Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Milan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1000
Author(s):  
Nikita Alfieri ◽  
Stefano Manodoro ◽  
Anna Maria Marconi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Set Up

AbstractSince SARS-COV-2 appeared in Wuhan City, China and rapidly spread throughout Europe, a real revolution occurred in the daily routine and in the organization of the entire health system. While non-urgent clinical services have been reduced as far as possible, all kind of specialists turned into COVID-19 specialists. Obstetric assistance cannot be suspended and, at the same time, safety must be guaranteed. In addition, as COVID-19 positive pregnant patients require additional care, some of the clinical habits need to be changed to face emerging needs for a vulnerable but unstoppable kind of patients. We report the management set up in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit during the COVID-19 era in a University Hospital in Milan, Italy.

scholarly journals Active control of liquid film flows: beyond reduced-order models

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-287
Author(s):  
Radu Cimpeanu ◽  
Susana N. Gomes ◽  
Demetrios T. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe ability to robustly and efficiently control the dynamics of nonlinear systems lies at the heart of many current technological challenges, ranging from drug delivery systems to ensuring flight safety. Most such scenarios are too complex to tackle directly, and reduced-order modelling is used in order to create viable representations of the target systems. The simplified setting allows for the development of rigorous control theoretical approaches, but the propagation of their effects back up the hierarchy and into real-world systems remains a significant challenge. Using the canonical set-up of a liquid film falling down an inclined plane under the action of active feedback controls in the form of blowing and suction, we develop a multi-level modelling framework containing both analytical models and direct numerical simulations acting as an in silico experimental platform. Constructing strategies at the inexpensive lower levels in the hierarchy, we find that offline control transfer is not viable; however, analytically informed feedback strategies show excellent potential, even far beyond the anticipated range of applicability of the models. The detailed effects of the controls in terms of stability and treatment of nonlinearity are examined in detail in order to gain understanding of the information transfer inside the flows, which can aid transition towards other control-rich frameworks and applications.

scholarly journals Fast and Efficient 5′P Degradome Library Preparation for Analysis of Co-Translational Decay in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Carpentier ◽  
Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli ◽  
Rémy Merret
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Commercial Kit

The recent development of high-throughput technologies based on RNA sequencing has allowed a better description of the role of post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression. In particular, the development of degradome approaches based on the capture of 5′monophosphate decay intermediates allows the discovery of a new decay pathway called co-translational mRNA decay. Thanks to these approaches, ribosome dynamics could now be revealed by analysis of 5′P reads accumulation. However, library preparation could be difficult to set-up for non-specialists. Here, we present a fast and efficient 5′P degradome library preparation for Arabidopsis samples. Our protocol was designed without commercial kit and gel purification and can be easily done in one working day. We demonstrated the robustness and the reproducibility of our protocol. Finally, we present the bioinformatic reads-outs necessary to assess library quality control.

Latin America and China’s Transnationalizing Oil Industry: A Political Economy Assessment of New Relations

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 626-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Chinese oil companies have recently started to set up operations in Latin America, and they are doing this at a rapid pace. This article aims to provide an overview of the increasing flows of oil and capital (fdiand credit) between Latin America and China, and to clarify how they interact with the broader Sino-Latin American relations as well as Latin America’s changing political landscape. In addition to regional trends, the cases of Venezuela, Brazil and Ecuador are discussed. The article combines an assessment of factual data with an analysis of the broader political economy context in which these new oil relations operate. Next to national differences, three general tendencies stand out: first, the type of arrangements and coordinated activities that Chinese companies, banks and government agencies deploy differ from those of other large oil-seeking nations; second, while the arrival of Chinese capital is welcomed by Latin American governments and pictured as part of non-imperialist South-South relations, Chinese oil companies and loans are sometimes criticized in local media by scholars, opposition andngos; and third, Chinese oil imports and investments have added to changing attitudes and policies towards strategic sectors under new political regimes, which allows for more social spending but which critics have labeled as the return to an ‘extractivist model.’

Field Determination of Fracture Propagation Mode Using Downhole Pressure Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Daneshy ◽  
Chad Touchet ◽  
Fred Hoffman ◽  
Mike McKown
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Mode ◽  
Fluid Migration ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Fracture Orientation ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Adjacent Fractures ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper presents the analysis results of 60 single stage fracturing treatments performed in a horizontal well using cemented casing sleeves and a coiled tubing deployed frac isolation system as the completion method. In this carefully set-up and executed treatment, separation between the toe stages was 97 feet, and near the heel it was 55 feet. Pressure data was collected above and below the retrievable plug used for stage isolation. This data was used for analysis of fracturing treatment data which included mode of propagation, completion efficiency, and a rough estimate of fracture orientation. The analysis showed that; There was no interaction between adjacent fractures during five of the sixty fracturing stages. None of these was in the well interval with shorter fracture spacingFracture shadowing occurred during six fracture stages, again none in the shorter spacing intervalMinor cement defects (micro-annuli) caused some fluid migration into the passive segment of the well. This happened in 27 stages. Of these; In eleven cases the cement defects were plugged after a while, causing the migration of fracturing fluid into the passive interval to stop.In sixteen other cases the fluid migration through cement micro-annuli continued during fracturing.During ten stages, defective zone isolation and fluid migration caused a pressure increase of several hundred psi in the passive segment of the well. But this did not result in extension of passive fractures.The volume of migrated slurry due to inadequate zone isolation was mostly a very small fraction of the injected volume.During five stages poor cement quality hampered stage isolation and caused immediate link between adjacent active and passive intervals and extension of passive fractures.The data indicate possible connection between the active and one passive fracture in four stages.Shorter spacing between stages increased the incidents of fluid migration due to poor cement qualityThe fracturing pressure variations during the treatments did not indicate presence of large stress shadowingA rough estimation of fracture orientation indicates that they were likely to be vertical and nearly perpendicular to the wellbore.The fracture growth pattern can best be described as off-balance. To our knowledge, this is the first time existence of direct communication between adjacent fractures has been observed through actual pressure interference data.

scholarly journals Controversies in modern evolutionary biology: the imperative for error detection and quality control

BMC Genomics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Prosdocimi ◽  
Benjamin Linard ◽  
Pierre Pontarotti ◽  
Olivier Poch ◽  
Julie D Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Evolutionary Biology

scholarly journals How to Implement Safe, Efficient and Cost-Effective SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Urban and Rural Schools within One Month

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-727
Author(s):  
Parastoo Kheiroddin ◽  
Magdalena Gründl ◽  
Michael Althammer ◽  
Patricia Schöberl ◽  
Linda Plail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Local Involvement ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Required

(1) Background: With vaccination and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 on the horizon, efficient testing in schools may enable prevention of mass infection outbreaks, keeping schools safe places and buying time until decisions on feasibility and the necessity of vaccination in children and youth are made. We established, in the course of the WICOVIR (Where Is the COrona VIRus) study, that gargle-based pool-PCR testing offers a feasible, efficient, and safe testing system for schools in Germany when applied by central university laboratories. (2) Objectives: We evaluated whether this approach can be implemented in different rural and urban settings. (3) Methods: We assessed the arrangements required for successful implementation of the WICOVIR approach in a variety of settings in terms of transport logistics, data transfer and pre-existing laboratory set-up, as well as the time required to establish the set-up. (4) Results: We found that once regulatory issues have been overcome, all challenges pertaining to logistics, data transfer, and laboratory testing on different platforms can be solved within one month. Pooling and depooling of samples down to the individual test result were achievable within one working day in all settings. Local involvement of the community and decentralized set-ups were keys for success. (5) Conclusion: The WICOVIR gargle-based pool-PCR system is so robust and simple that it can be implemented within one month in all settings now or in future pandemics.

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