Validation of chip grafting inoculation assay to assess the resistance of Solanum species against phytoplasma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Yussouf Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
First Time ◽  
Inoculation Assay

Abstract Big bud caused by several different phytoplasmas is an emerging threat to tomato production worldwide. The development of resistant varieties would be an effective approach to manage this problem, but it requires an appropriate screening technique. Recently, we have described a simple and efficient chip graft inoculation assay (CGIA) for the first time to screen tomato germplasm against Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. The present study was conducted to first validate the CGIA for phytoplasma transmission, then to assess the resistance of 74 genotypes belonging to different Solanum species against 16SrII-D phytoplasma. CGIA success rate and phytoplasma transmission was 100% since all the grafts survived and phytoplasma was detected in these plants using nested polymerase chain reaction. No genotype was found resistant as all the grafted plants showed typical disease symptoms. In addition to phytoplasma transmission, CGIA can be used for better understanding the plant–phytoplasma interactions and biology of phytoplasmas in tomato.

scholarly journals Occurrence of a 16SrIV Group Phytoplasma not Previously Associated with Palm Species in Yucatan, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Vázquez-Euán ◽  
Nigel Harrison ◽  
María Narvaez ◽  
Carlos Oropeza
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Sabal Mexicana ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

The occurrence of 16SrIV group phytoplasmas in palm species Sabal mexicana and Pseudophoenix sargentii is reported here for the first time. Palm trees showed leaf decay and leaf yellowing syndromes, respectively. An amplification product (1.4 kb) was obtained in symptomatic S. mexicana (18 of 21) and symptomatic P. sargentii (1 of 1) palm trees sampled in different locations in Yucatan State, Mexico; five of the positive S. mexicana and the positive P. sargentii trees died. The identity of the phytoplasmas from these species was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling with restriction enzymes AluI and HinfI, showing there could be two phytoplasma strains of the 16SrIV group. In one S. mexicana palm, the profile was the same as observed with these enzymes for phytoplasmas of 16SrIV-A subgroup, previously associated with Cocos nucifera palm trees and, in the rest of the trees, including the P. sargentii palm, the profile was for phytoplasmas of the 16SrIV-D subgroup. These identities were supported by analyses of the amplicons obtained by nested polymerase chain reaction by nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST analysis. Geographical distribution of the association S. mexicana/16SrIV group phytoplasmas was found widely dispersed in Yucatan State. A potential role of S. mexicana palm trees as a permanent source of phytoplasma inoculum is suggested. In addition to P. sargentii, other palm species (Thrinax radiata and C. nucifera) coexisting with S. mexicana trees were also sampled and analyzed.

scholarly journals Identification and Detection of Fusarium striatum as a New Record of Pathogen to Greenhouse Tomato in Northeastern America

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauriane M. Moine ◽  
Caroline Labbé ◽  
Gerry Louis-Seize ◽  
Keith A. Seifert ◽  
Richard R. Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Partial Translation

Recently, a new disease was reported on greenhouse tomato plants in both Quebec, Canada and Maine, United States. Symptomatic plants bore brown lesions at graft points and pruning sites, resulting in expanding cankers with clearly delineated margins. Diseased plants eventually wilted and died within a few weeks following the appearance of the first symptoms. The symptoms are reminiscent of infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, with the notable difference of a discoloration of the pith area rather than the vascular tissues. A homothallic Fusarium sp. was consistently recovered from these lesions. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and the partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene identified the species as F. striatum. Pathogenicity tests with F. striatum isolates from diseased tissues reproduced disease symptoms in tomato similar to those observed on tomato plants in the greenhouses. Specific detection of F. striatum from mycelia and diseased and disease-free plant tissues was achieved by developing a polymerase chain reaction-based test. These results establish, for the first time, that the species F. striatum is the cause of crown and stem rot affecting tomato in North America. In addition F. striatum was detected from all sampled tissues of plants delivered by the nursery common to both growers, suggesting that the transplants would be the source of the inoculum.

scholarly journals Psittacid Adenovirus-2 infection in the critically endangered orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogastor): A key threatening process or an example of a host-adapted virus?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Yang ◽  
Jennifer McLelland ◽  
David J. McLelland ◽  
Judy Clarke ◽  
Lucy Woolford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Chick Survival ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

AbstractPsittacid Adenovirus-2 (PsAdv-2) was identified in captive orange-bellied parrots (Neophema chrysogastor) during a multifactorial cluster of mortalities at the Adelaide Zoo, South Australia, and an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia at the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment captive breeding facility, Taroona, Tasmania. This was the first time that an adenovirus had been identified in orange-bellied parrots and is the first report of PsAdv-2 in Australia. To investigate the status of PsAdv-2 in the captive population of orange-bellied parrots, 102 healthy birds from five breeding facilities were examined for the presence of PsAdv-2 DNA in droppings and/or cloacal swabs using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Additionally, eight birds released to the wild for the 2016 breeding season were similarly tested when they were recaptured prior to migration to be held in captivity for the winter. PsAdv-2 was identified in all breeding facilities as well as the birds recaptured from the wild. Prevalence of shedding ranged from 29.7 to 76.5%, demonstrating that PsAdv-2 is endemic in the captive population of orange-bellied parrots and that wild parrots may have been exposed to the virus. PsAdv-2 DNA was detected in both cloacal swabs and faeces of the orange-bellied parrots, but testing both samples from the same birds suggested that testing faeces would be more sensitive than cloacal swabs. PsAdv-2 was not found in other psittacine species housed in nearby aviaries at the Adelaide Zoo. The source of the infection in the orange-bellied parrots remains undetermined. In this study, PsAdv-2 prevalence of shedding was higher in adult birds as compared to birds less than one year old. Preliminary data also suggested a correlation between adenovirus shedding prevalence within the breeding collection and chick survival.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Infecting Tomato in Bangladesh

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Maruthi ◽  
A. R. Rekha ◽  
A. Cork ◽  
J. Colvin ◽  
S. N. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato is an important cash crop for resource-poor farmers and accounts for 20% of the 2 million t of vegetables grown annually in Bangladesh. Tomato cultivation is affected by Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), which can cause as much as 100% yield loss. Plants exhibiting typical ToLCV disease symptoms of yellowing, severe leaf curling, and stunting were collected at Jessore, Bangladesh during September 2003. The putative virus was transmitted from tomato to tomato by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. In two separate experiments, 100% transmission was achieved by using 10 viruliferous B. tabaci adults for each of the 20 test plants that was confirmed by comparing the symptoms on test and virus source plants. Total DNAs were extracted from the symptomatic leaves, and the putative viral genomes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction by using the Deng A and B primers (1). Sequences generated from these primers were used to design virus-specific primers that were used to obtain complete viral sequences. Full-length DNA-A (2,740 nt; GenBank Accession No. AJ875157) and DNA-B (2,688 nt; GenBank Accession No. AJ875158) sequences of a bipartite Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus from Jessore (ToLCNDV-[Jes]) were obtained, which were most similar to the corresponding sequences of ToLCNDV-(Lucknow) (GenBank Accession No. Y16421) at 95.7% and Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus-(Varanasi) (Gen-Bank Accession No. AY190291) at 90.6% nt identities, respectively. DNA-A sequences had only 73.2% nt identity with the previously reported monopartite Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (GenBank Accession No. AF188481) (2), confirming the occurrence of mono- and bipartite bego-moviruses in Bangladesh. The virus diversity poses a challenge for ToLCVD management in Bangladesh. References: (1) D. Deng et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 125:327, 1994. (2) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001.

Surveying For and Eradicating Phytophthora ramorum in Agricultural Commodities

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy K. Osterbauer ◽  
John A. Griesbach ◽  
Jan Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Since 2001, Oregon nurseries, Christmas tree plantations, and other sites have been surveyed for the federally regulated pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Host plants at each site were visually surveyed for disease symptoms and symptomatic tissues tested in the laboratory by isolation onto a selective medium and by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In 2002 and 2003, we detected PCRpositive plants that later proved to be infected with another Phytophthora, suggesting there are limitations to the PCR assay tested. In 2003, P. ramorum was detected for the first time in Viburnum, Pieris, Rhododendron, and Camellia plants in six nurseries. All infected and neighboring plant materials were destroyed by incineration and the nurseries and surrounding environs subsequently surveyed for the pathogen. Phytophthora ramorum was not detected, indicating the pathogen was successfully eradicated. Accepted for publication 10 February 2004. Published 9 March 2004.

Evaluation of Solanum species for resistance to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus using chip grafting assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 108646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar ◽  
Afzal Akram ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Yussouf Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
Leaf Curl

Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Complementary Test to Improve the Detection of Dermatophyte Fungus in Nails

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
Félix Marcos Tejedor ◽  
María Jesús Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Dermatomycoses are a group of pathologic abnormalities frequently seen in clinical practice, and their prevalence has increased in recent decades. Diagnostic confirmation of mycotic infection in nails is essential because there are several pathologic conditions with similar clinical manifestations. The classical method for confirming the presence of fungus in nail is microbiological culture and the identification of morphological structures by microscopy. Methods We devised a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that amplifies specific DNA sequences of dermatophyte fungus that is notably faster than the 3 to 4 weeks that the traditional procedure takes. We compared this new technique and the conventional plate culture method in 225 nail samples. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results We found concordance in 78.2% of the samples analyzed by the two methods and increased sensitivity when simultaneously using the two methods to analyze clinical samples. Now we can confirm the presence of dermatophyte fungus in most of the positive samples in just 24 hours, and we have to wait for the result of culture only in negative PCR cases. Conclusions Although this PCR cannot, at present, substitute for the traditional culture method in the detection of dermatophyte infection of the nails, it can be used as a complementary technique because its main advantage lies in the significant reduction of time used for diagnosis, in addition to higher sensitivity.

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