DOMESTIC SERVICE IN INDUSTRIALIZING JAPAN: THE JOB CHOICES OF UNMARRIED YOUNG WOMEN IN THE SENNAN DISTRICT, OSAKA PREFECTURE, 1893–1927

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ogiyama
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Osaka Prefecture ◽  
Young Japanese Women

AbstractThis study examines the manner in which the significance of housework affected the job choices of young Japanese women over three decades spanning the beginning of the twentieth century, by focusing on domestic servants hired by the Hiroumi family, a merchant family living in the Sennan District, Osaka Prefecture. The family recruited unmarried young women from within Sennan as domestic servants. These women benefited from domestic service because it enabled them to become skilled in housework. Around the late 1890s, however, they preferred to work in the textile industry, the mainstay of Sennan's economy at the time, not recognizing the value of domestic work. Consequently, the Hiroumi family experienced a labour shortage. After this period, though, young women attached increasing importance to housework, and by the 1920s, they were as willing to be employed in domestic service as in the textile industry. This made it less difficult for the Hiroumi family to recruit domestic servants.

Domestic Service, Migration, and Ethnic Stereotyping

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
Leslie Page Moch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
World War ◽  
Migrant Group ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Cartoon Character ◽  
Service Migration ◽  
Second World

Historians’ attention to timing and the contingencies of history inform this study of the evolution of domestic servants. It explores the case of Breton domestics in Paris from 1880 to after the Second World War, focusing on the change in status and stereotype represented by a popular cartoon character as the belle époque gave way to the interwar period, the migrant group of Bretons in Paris changed, state policy on regional cultures evolved, and the country experienced the two great wars of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Awareness of Young Japanese Women on HPV Self-Sampling Trial using Opt-in Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayako Tada ◽  
Yumi Ito ◽  
Natumi Nagai ◽  
Kanako Nakamura ◽  
Kiriko Nohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Young Japanese Women ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
The City

Abstract BackgroundThe rate of young Japanese women attending Cervical Cancer screenings is still low. There is a lack of studies that discussed awareness, preference, and anxiety of women to HPV self-sampling. The aim was to clarify the awareness of young women who want and do not want HPV self-sampling toward improvement the rate of attending Cervical Cancer screenings.Methods We carried out the observation study by self-administered questionnaires about the awareness of HPV self-sampling with the trial in a city, in Hokkaido, Japan. The subjects were selected at random to 25-29 years old women (837 persons) residing in a city. We compared their awareness between want and do not want self-sampling. For data analysis, statistical analysis software SPSS for Windows Ver.21 was used setting the significance level at below 5%.ResultsYoung women in this study who firstly responded wanting practice of self-sampling were 9.8%, and not wanting in were 90.2%. The reasons of young women that want self-sampling were “Free self-sampling supported from the city”, “I can do it in my own time”, and “I have experience of sexual intercourse”. In contrast, the reasons of do not want self-sampling were “I have no symptom”, and “I am anxious about doing the test by myself”. The awareness of HPV self-sampling was low with all subjects, and they have few the general knowledge of Cervical Cancer. ConclusionThere is a possibility to increase the number of young women who want self-sampling by using an HPV self-sampling trial of the opt-in method that also considers the emotions of the women. Young Japanese women who do not want self-sampling, tend to have a fear and anxiety toward self-sampling, in contrast, many of the women who conducted self-sampling prefer it. This study suggests the need of new practical education for self-sampling, including HPV infection, and Cervical Cancer prevention performed by clinicians, nurses and midwives.

scholarly journals Amazon Echo and the Aesthetics of Whiteness

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thao Phan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
White Woman ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Customer Reviews ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
Device User

This article examines the figuration of the home automation device Amazon Echo and its digital assistant Alexa. While most readings of gender and digital assistants choose to foreground the figure of the housewife, I argue that Alexa is instead figured on domestic servants. I examine commercials, Amazon customer reviews, and reviews from tech commentators to make the case that the Echo is modeled on an idealized image of domestic service. It is my contention that this vision functions in various ways to reproduce a relation between device/user that mimics the relation between servant/master in nineteenth- and twentieth-century American homes. Significantly, however, the Echo departs from this historical parallel through its aesthetic coding as a native-speaking, educated, white woman. This aestheticization is problematic insofar as it decontextualizes and depoliticizes the historic reality of domestic service. Further, this figuration misrepresents the direction of power between user and devices in a way that makes contending with issues such as surveillance and digital labor increasingly difficult.

Meriel Talbot and the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, 1919–1937

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Service ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
British Government ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

In 1917 the British government began making plans for post-war adjustments to the economy, which included the migration of surplus women to the dominions. The Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was established in 1920 to facilitate the migration of female workers to the dominions. Earlier studies have argued that overseas emigration efforts purposefully directed women into domestic service as surplus commodities, thus alleviating the female ‘surplus’ and easing economic hardships of the post-war period. This article argues that as Publicity Officer for the SOSBW, Meriel Talbot targeted women she believed would be ideal candidates for emigration, including former members of the Women's Land Army and affiliated groups. With the proper selection of female migrants, Talbot sought to expand work opportunities for women in the dominions beyond domestic service, while reducing the female surplus at home and servicing the connection between state and empire. Dominion authorities, whose demands for migrant labour vacillated between agricultural workers during the war years and domestic servants after 1920, disapproved of Talbot's efforts to migrate women for work in agriculture. Divergent policies led to the early failure of the SOSBW in 1923.

The Formation of a Budding Man Alone: The God Boy (Murray Reece, 1976)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Value System ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Family

This chapter analyses the earliest of the New Zealand coming-of-age feature films, an adaptation of Ian Cross’s novel The God Boy, to demonstrate how it addresses the destructive impact on a child of the puritanical value-system that had dominated Pākehā (white) society through much of the twentieth century, being particularly strong during the interwar years, and the decade immediately following World War II. The discussion explores how dysfunction within the family and repressive religious beliefs eventuate in pressures that cause Jimmy, the protagonist, to act out transgressively, and then to turn inwards to seek refuge in the form of self-containment that makes him a prototype of the Man Alone figure that is ubiquitous in New Zealand fiction.

Organizing in the 1970s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. LB. Twarog
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Consumer Activism ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family

In 1973, housewives in California launched what would be the last meat boycott of the twentieth century. And, like its predecessors, the 1973 boycott gained national momentum albeit with little political traction now that Peterson had left public life for a job in the private sector as the consumer advisor to the Giant grocery store chain. And in some quarters of the labor movement, activists drew very clear links between the family economy and the stagnation plaguing workers’ wages. The 1973 boycott led to the founding of the National Consumers Congress, a national organization intended to unite consumer organizers. While it was a short-lived organization, it demonstrates the momentum that consumer activism was building. This chapter also reflects on the lost coordinating opportunity between housewives organizing around consumer issues and the women’s movement in the 1970s.

Family Dysfunction and Female Delinquency

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Leslie Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
The Family ◽  
Status Offenses

This article examines the family backgrounds of a group of women who, as adolescents in the early 1960s, were committed to the California Youth Authority predominantly for status offenses and continued their criminal behavior into adulthood. Particular attention is paid to various measures of dysfunction, including family violence, parent-child conflict, family size, structure, and stability. Little variation existed within the various independent measures; all of the women came from dysfunctional homes. The manner in which these young women were dealt with by the Youth Authority is examined within the context of the cultural attitudes of that particular time.

scholarly journals C allele of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism affects plasma adiponectin concentrations in healthy young Japanese women

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuko Miyanaga ◽  
Keisuke Fukuo ◽  
Hiroshi Akasaka ◽  
Tomohiro Katsuya ◽  
Rumi Fukada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
A1166c Polymorphism ◽  
Young Japanese Women
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