Becoming What You Eat: The New England Kitchen and the Body as a Site of Social Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-460
Author(s):  
Nicholas J.P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
New England ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractReformers at the turn of the century struggled to understand why people were the way they were and whether they could really be changed. The reformers behind the New England Kitchen (NEK), a dietary reform experiment in 1890s Boston that hoped to change working-class diets, dedicated much of its efforts to answering the question at the heart of all social reform movements: Were people's behaviors determined by biological or social factors? In the course of their work, these reformers came to understand the relationship between food and bodies as central to social reform and sought to use dietary reform to change working-class bodies. Their actions and ideas disrupt the neat categories historians have come to rely upon when discussing reformist thought and push us to embrace the messiness of ideas as they are being worked out. This article explores these messy ideas, using four conceptions of the body that emerged from the NEK efforts—the caloric body, the changing body, the citizen body, and the managed body—to make sense of ideas that were later taken up by the USDA and the Children's Bureau, as well as other reform efforts in the Progressive Era.

Social Reform

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Haveman
Keyword(s):  
Social Reform ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between magazines and social reform movements in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, it looks at the “benevolent empire,” an interorganizational field that consisted of a large number of voluntary social reform associations, the religious structures that supported them, and the magazines that both supported organized reform efforts and were supported by them. The chapter first reviews the history of reform movements, with emphasis on the links among successive movements and the formal organizations that supported them. It then considers the religious roots of social reform and the specialized magazines launched by reform leaders to broadcast their views and show. It also discusses how often the many different social reform movements were covered across all magazine genres before concluding with an analysis of the antislavery movement and its interaction with both religion and magazines.

scholarly journals Social Movements that Led to Social Transformation in Jammu and Kashmir During the British Rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Dr. Nasir Ahmad Ganaie
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Western Education ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
Hindu Community

The article tries to examine and study the role of some of the Hindu social reform movements that came up during the British rule to transform, modernize, and uplift society by imparting modern or western education. The article studies their role in eradicating social evils like child re-marriage, dowry and sati among the Hindu community in Jammu and Kashmir. In addition to these elements, it also tries to enlighten the role of various Hindu reform movements in imparting education among all sections of society without any discrimination.

Conclusion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Haveman
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
American Society ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This concluding chapter summarizes that the book has documented the evolution of American magazines from a few, fragile, questionable undertakings to more than a thousand robust, highly legitimate elements of print culture. Between 1741 and 1860, magazines underwent a profound transformation that were made possible by a series of changes in American society, including population growth and urbanization, advances in publishing technologies, the gradual development of copyright law, the modernization of social reform movements, and the rise of protoscientific agriculture. The chapter discusses the implications of the book's findings for understanding modernity and community, for other aspects of American society such as the establishment of various medical schools, and for those who study media in the contemporary era. It concludes by reiterating the important role played by magazines in fostering the pluralistic integration that distinguished American society from European ones in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

scholarly journals TMJ Dysfunction and Systemic Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Giuseppe Musumeci
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

In recent years it has been conclusively shown how the position of the mouth in relation to the body affects the way of walking and standing. In particular, occlusion, the relationship between skull and jaw, swallowing and convergence of the eyes are in neuro-muscular relationship with the control and maintenance system of posture, integrating at different levels. This manuscript aims to be a summary of all the oral, occlusal and articular dysfunctions of TMJ with systemic and postural–muscular repercussions. Recent articles found in the literature that are taken into consideration and briefly analyzed represent an important starting point for these correlations, which are still unclear in the medical field. Posturology, occlusal and oral influences on posture, spine and muscular system are still much debated today. In the literature, there are articles concerning sports performance and dental occlusion or even the postural characteristics of adolescents or children in deciduous and mixed dentition. The temporomandibular joint, as the only joint of the skull, could therefore represent a site to pay particular attention to, and in some cases an ATM dysfunction could be a clue for the diagnosis of systemic pathologies, or it could be the repercussion.

Franz Mehring and the Problems of Liberal Social Reform, in Bismarckian Germany 1884–90: The Origins of Radical Marxism

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-255
Author(s):  
Glen R. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to analyze, using the example of Franz Mehring, the growing cleavage between German left-liberalism and social democracy in the 1880s. Due in part to the radicalization produced by Bismarck's anti-socialist law of 1878 to 1890, Marxism was firmly established within the German socialist movement in the 1880s. The reverse of that process, the growing ideological and political rigidity of left-liberalism, is less well treated. In this article, I will outline the program of social reform proposed by the then left-liberal journalist, Franz Mehring, to German liberalism in an effort to build a coalition of middle-class and working-class democratic forces in Imperial Germany. Mehring's failure was instructive both for his own intellectual and political development and for what it tells us about the relationship between social democracy and liberalism in Germany.

Social Practice, the Bodily Professions and the State

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
English Language ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Sport Sociology ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between sport and the modern state has been a focus of increased theoretical attention in recent years, particularly with respect to the role of sport in hegemony. At the same time there has been mounting interest in the significance of the body and bodily practices (including sports) as a site of political struggle. Yet, not much work has been done on the connection between these two projects. A monograph written in French and published in 1983 draws together many of these themes but has remained neglected in English-language sport sociology. This paper reviews Le corps programmé and discusses some of the book’s theoretical implications.

Beyond Malthusianism: Demography and Technology in John Stuart Mill's Stationary State

Utilitas ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kurfirst
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Automatic Instrument ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
Per Capita

In his evaluation of the major social reform movements of his era, Mill chastised well-meaning reformers for their reluctance to elevate Malthusianism to a position of prominence in their efforts. He was convinced that the key to the material, mental, and moral improvement of the poor and the workers lay in a reduction of their physical numbers and in the behavioural modifications entailed by such a diminution, whereas most other reformers looked elsewhere for solutions. A favourite assumption about the proper means for effecting social reform was that economic growth served as an effective and almost automatic instrument for improving society. Then, as now, an unquestioned faith in the capacity of a progressive economy to stimulate gains in per capita income for the lower classes set the terms for the discussion.1 However, by suggesting that broader and more intensive economic development without a corresponding reduction in the rate of population increase would not generate material gains for those living in indigence, let alone the broader socio-cultural progress that was to have followed closely upon its heels, Mill casts aspersions upon the ‘false ideal’ of economic growth which informed many grand programmes for social progress.

Reluctant Reformers: The Impact of Racism on American Social Reform Movements

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
John R. Wennersten ◽  
Robert Allen ◽  
Pamela P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Social Reform ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Social Reform Movements ◽  
The Impact
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