scholarly journals Venus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sagdeev

I feel very honoured at having been asked by the IAU Executive to present Prof. Sagdeev’s invited discourse on Venus in his absence. As has already been mentioned Prof. Sagdeev was summoned to the talks between the USSR and the USA in Geneva as an expert in Space Research. He went there with several very important proposals for future cooperation in scientific exploration of outer space and we all hope that the results of his mission will be beneficial for the development of space astronomy and therefore for the whole astronomical community represented by the International Astronomical Union. I am sure that all present in this room realize that it is not an easy task to present someone else’s lecture especially at such short notice and in a foreign language. Besides, it is my opinion that a talk on Venus – the brightest celestial body in the sky except the moon and the Sun – Venus which always has been the symbol of beauty, love and femininity, that such a talk should surely be given by a man.

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S349) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
James M. Lattis ◽  
Anthony J. Lattis

AbstractThe USA delegation to the July 1919 International Research Council meeting in Brussels included Joel Stebbins, then professor of astronomy and observatory director at the University of Illinois, as secretary of the executive committee appointed by the National Research Council. Stebbins, an avid photographer, documented the travels of their party as the American astronomers attended the meeting and later toured devastated towns, scarred countryside, and battlefields only recently abandoned. Published reports of the meeting afterward attest to the impression left on the American visitors, and the photographs by Stebbins give us a glimpse through their own eyes. Selected photographs, recently discovered in the University of Wisconsin Archives and never before publicly seen, will be presented along with some commentary on their significance for the International Astronomical Union, which took shape at that 1919 meeting.


Author(s):  
Kevin Righter

Asteroids 1 Ceres and 4 Vesta are the two most massive asteroids in the asteroid belt, with mean diameters of 946 km and 525 km, respectively. Ceres was reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union as a result of its new dwarf planet definition which is a body that (a) orbits the sun, (b) has enough mass to assume a nearly round shape, (c) has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a moon. Scientists’ understanding of these two bodies has been revolutionized in the past decade by the success of the Dawn mission that visited both bodies. Vesta is an example of a small body that has been heated substantially and differentiated into a metallic core, silicate mantle, and basaltic crust. Ceres is a volatile-rich rocky body that experienced less heating than Vesta and has differentiated into rock and ice. These two contrasting bodies have been instrumental in learning how inner solar system material formed and evolved.


1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274

At the 1988 Baltimore General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, members of several Commissions dealing with planetary science expressed deep concern that no work was being undertaken to identify and avoid pollution problems in interplanetary space beyond the Moon. At that time NASA had convened a conference on problems in cislunar space due to the large and growing numbers of orbiting fragments hazardous to space vehicles. In translunar space this is hardly a problem. However an alarming number of future interplanetary mission proposals were considered for other reasons to be potentially harmful to various solar system bodies and interplanetary space itself.


2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (SPS5) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Jay M. Pasachoff

AbstractAstronomers have opportunities at least twice a year to use partial, annular, or total eclipses of the Sun, or planetary transits, to interest the public in astronomy through their observations. It is important to provide accurate information about the pleasures and hazards of looking toward the Sun. The International Astronomical Union helps by providing knowledgeable information from experienced eclipse observers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (T29A) ◽  
pp. 278-299
Author(s):  
Gianna Cauzzi ◽  
Nataliya Shchukina ◽  
Alexander Kosovichev ◽  
Michele Bianda ◽  
Axel Brandenburg ◽  
...  

Commission 12 of the International Astronomical Union encompasses investigations of the internal structure and dynamics of the Sun, the quiet solar atmosphere, solar radiation and its variability, and the nature of relatively stable magnetic structures like sunspots, faculae and the magnetic network. The Commission sees participation of over 300 scientists worldwide.


Author(s):  
А.С. Беляков ◽  
В.С. Лавров ◽  
А.В. Николаев

Экспериментальные исследования сейсмоакустических шумов выполнены нами в течение ряда лет, в различных районах России, частично вместе с зарубежными коллегами, в Индии и в США, на поверхности земли и в скважинах. Наши наблюдательные данные дополнены другими, пока малоизвестными, редкими. Экспериментально изучена тонкая структура высокочастотных микросейсм в связи с теллурическими процессами, приливными деформациями земли и эмиссионным откликом земной коры на экзогенные геофизические процессы, планетарные явления. Выявлены аномалии тонкой временной структуры микросейсм, связанные с теллурическими и астрономическими явлениями–земными приливами, летним и зимним солнцестояниями, весенним и осенним равноденствиями, дневным и ночными стоянием Солнца. Полученные результаты сопоставлены с данными о связи сейсмичности и характера микросейсм с эфемеридами планет, затмениями Луны и Солнца. Предложены направления дальнейших исследований влияния теллурических процессов и планетарных событий на сейсмоакустические шумы, изучение нематериальных полей We have executed a set of seismoacoustic noise experimental studies over a number of years, in different regions of Russia, partially together with the foreign associates, in India and in the USA, on the earth’s surface and in the bore holes. Our observant data are augmented by others, thus far little-known, rare. The fine structure of high-frequency microseismic disturbances in connection with the telluric processes, the tidal deformations of the earth and the emissive response of the earth’s crust to the exogenous geophysical processes, the planetary phenomena is experimentally studied. Anomalies of the thin time structure of microseismic disturbances, connected with the telluric and astronomical phenomenon - terrestrial flows, the summer and winter solstice, the spring and autumnal equinoxes, the day and night standing of the sun are revealed. The obtained results are compared with the data about the connection of seismicity and microseismic disturbances nature with the ephemeris of planets, the eclipses of the Moon and Sun. The directions of further studies of the telluric processes influence and planetary event on seismoacoustic noise are proposed, pour on the study of nonmaterial fields


1901 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
R. D. Oldham

Many are the attempts that have been made to discern some law in the occurrence of earthquakes, and to trace the influence of the sun, the moon, or even of the planets as a cause, if partial, of their origin. Many patient investigators have discovered, or thought they have discovered, periods of fluctuating seismic activity, varying in length from semi-diurnal to annual or even longer, but so conflicting have been their conclusions that little weight can be, or has been, attached to the results of their calculations; and one of the most industrious of all these investigators, the Commandante de Montessus de Ballore, has declared his conviction that no periodicity can be detected, and that the causes of earthquakes are purely terrestrial and in no way affected by any celestial body. Yet, in spite of this, the attempts and the calculations go on, and one of the most recent of these is a discussion by Herr M. Becke of some three hundred earthquakes recorded in the region round Karlsbad between 24th October and 25th November, 1897.


1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 754

Imaging is a fundamental tool of astronomical research — a fact emphasised by the wide-ranging subject matter covered at the conference on ‘Astronomy from Wide-field Imaging’ (IAU Symposium 161), held under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union at Potsdam in August, 1993. The importance of providing adequate archives for astronomical images to allow for future scientific exploration was particularly stressed.


1807 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  

The late discovery of an additional body belonging to the solar system, by Dr. Olbers, having been communicated to me the 20th of April, an event of such consequence engaged my immediate attention. In the evening of the same day I tried to discover its situation by the information I had obtained of its motion; but the brightness of the moon, which was near the full, and at no great distance from the object for which I looked, would not permit a star of even the 5th magnitude to be seen, and it was not till the 24th that a tolerable view could be obtained of that space of the heavens in which our new wanderer was pursuing its hitherto unknown path. As soon as I found that small stars might be perceived, I made several delineations of certain telescopic constellations, the first of which was as represented in figure 1, and I fixed upon the star A, as most likely, from its expected situation and brightness, to be the one I was looking for. The stars in this figure, as well as in all the other delineations I had made, were carefully examined with several magnifying powers, that in case any one of them should hereafter appear to have been the lately discovered object, I might not lose the opportunity of an early acquaintance with its condition. An observation of the star marked A, in particular, was made with a very distinct magnifying power of 460, and says, that it had nothing in its appearance that differed from what we see in other stars of the same size; indeed Dr. Olbers, by mentioning in the communication which I received, that with such magnifying powers as he could use it was not to be distinguished from a fixed star, had already prepared me to expect the newly discovered heavenly body to be a valuable addition to our increasing catalogue of asteroids.


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