Traditional Gender Attitudes, Nativism, and Support for the Radical Right

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Olyvia R. Christley
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Important Evidence

Abstract Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, I analyze the link between harboring traditional gender attitudes and supporting radical right-wing parties. I theorize that the intrinsically gendered elements of the radical right's platforms and rhetoric, which mirror traditional masculinity and femininity in both explicit and implicit ways, make the ideology a comfortable home for individuals who hold traditional gender attitudes. My analyses reveal that gender traditionalists are more likely than egalitarians to express support for the radical right, even after controlling for a host of existing explanations. The same impact is not replicated for mainstream conservative parties. In addition, holding more gender-traditional attitudes raises the probability of supporting the radical right among both nativists and non-nativists. These findings provide important evidence that gender attitudes seemingly constitute a significant pathway to support for the radical right across Europe.

scholarly journals Civil liberties and Volunteering in Six Former Soviet Union Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiga Kamerāde ◽  
Jo Crotty ◽  
Sergej Ljubownikow
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data

To contribute to the debate as to whether volunteering is an outcome of democratization rather than a driver of it, we analyze how divergent democratization pathways in six countries of the former Soviet Union have led to varied levels of volunteering. Using data from the European Values Study, we find that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia—which followed a Europeanization path—have high and increasing levels of civil liberties and volunteering. In Russia and Belarus, following a pre-emption path, civil liberties have remained low and volunteering has declined. Surprisingly, despite the Orange Revolution and increased civil liberties, volunteering rates in Ukraine have also declined. The case of Ukraine indicates that the freedom to participate is not always taken up by citizens. Our findings suggest it is not volunteering that brings civil liberties, but rather that increased civil liberties lead to higher levels of volunteering.

scholarly journals Morality in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Religion and Values in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Storm
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exact Relationship

AbstractThe exact relationship between religiosity and moral values is understudied, and it is unclear what the process of secularization means for the morality of Europeans. Previous research shows that religion is associated with low levels of political and economic development. A potential explanation is that religion provides an alternative moral authority to the authority of the state. Using data from four waves of the European Values Study 1981–2008, I analyze attitudes to personal autonomy (vs tradition) and self-interest (vs social norms) in a multilevel model of 48 European countries. The results show that religious decline has been accompanied by an increase in autonomy values, but not self-interest, that the relationship between religion and morality is stronger in more religious countries, and that it has declined since the 1980s. We also show that religiosity is more negatively associated with self-interest among people with low confidence in state authorities.

scholarly journals Trust and Fertility Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnstein Aassve ◽  
Francesco C Billari ◽  
Léa Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data

We argue that the divergence in fertility trends in advanced societies is influenced by the interaction of long-standing differences in generalized trust with the increase in women's educational attainment. Our argument builds on the idea that trust enhances individuals’ and couples’ willingness to outsource childcare to outside their extended family. This becomes critically important as women's increased education leads to greater demand for combining work and family life. We test our hypothesis using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study on 36 industrialized countries between the years 1981 and 2009. Multilevel statistical analyses reveal that the interaction between national-level generalized trust and cohort-level women's education is positively associated with completed fertility. As education among women expands, high levels of generalized trust moderate fertility decline.

scholarly journals Measuring Value Diversity within Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk ◽  
Mariko J. Klasing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Human Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diversity Research

Diversity research has shown that ethno-linguistic, religious, and genetic diversity are related to a variety of socio-economic outcomes. We complement this literature by focusing on a dimension of diversity so far ignored in diversity research for lack of data: Diversity in key human values. Using data from all available waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study we develop a multi-item indicator of value diversity. This measure reflects the extent to which key human values are shared among the inhabitants of a country. Our newly developed measure is available for up to 111 countries and three decades (1981-2014). We conclude by comparing our newly developed measure of value diversity with existing measures of social diversity and relating it to various indicator of socio-economic performance.

“This Country Is Not for Anyone”: Explanations of Low National Pride in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1012
Author(s):  
Klára Vlachová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
National Pride ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

AbstractNational pride is a group-based and sometimes collective emotion that people feel toward their nation-state. It is often measured by the general national pride item in cross-national surveys. Czechs are among those nations whose members express low levels of general national pride in comparison with those of other nations in the European Union. Scholars debate the extent to which general national pride is influenced by social desirability or other identifiable reasons. The goal of this article is to identify the specific reasons that influence general national pride in the Czech Republic. Using data from the October 2015 round of the survey Naše společnost, I examine what makes Czechs proud of their country. Among frequently mentioned reasons for national pride are the country’s beauty, nature, cities, and history, as well as respondents’ family and friends. Results of an ordinal regression analysis based on the European Values Study 2008 data confirm that general national pride is significantly influenced by political interest, confidence in government and satisfaction with the development of democracy, happiness, and social trust.

Why We Trust Other Nations

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Election Study ◽  
National Image ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data

This article explores why citizens of one nation trust other nations. It is suggested that additional to economic and political performance, cultural excellence constitutes a national image from which transnational trust is derived if the image is prestigious. Using data from the European Election Study, the European Values Study, and Eurostat, multi-level fixed effects regressions are conducted to test this hypothesis. Results indicate that transnational trust is grounded in economic, political, societal and cultural sources. The findings show, furthermore, that for transnational trust, a nation’s ‘cultural modernity’ seems to be the most influential foundation.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Link between Individual Identity Traits and Radical Party Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Filip ◽  
Jan Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Party Choice ◽  
European Values ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Party Voting ◽  
Radical Left

While recent trends in the study of radial party voting have tended to focus on egalitarian attitudes and individual personality traits in their endeavor to explain radical party choice, the present study pits individual identity traits in the spotlight of ballot box behavior, using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey. We analyze the link between exclusive and inclusive identity (identifying with a more restricted ‘in-group’ versus identifying with a larger community) and the propensity to vote for radical right and radical left parties, using differences in individual identification with respondents’ home nation and as European citizens. The results show that exclusive individual identity is a good predictor of radical right party choice, even in the presence of redistributive and egalitarian values usually associated with left-wing voting. The results also speak to the literature on welfare chauvinism. While the presence of strong egalitarian and redistributive attitudes does indeed normally predict radical left party preference in line with previous findings, this relationship is complicated by the presence of exclusive individual identity, which moderates the former’s effect and can induce egalitarian voters to prefer radical right parties. In conclusion, the paper explores the interaction of identity and social class.

Varieties of Electoral Dilemmas: Partisan Jousting over Welfare States and Immigration in a Changing Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Party System ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter examines the dilemmas that parties face in the welfare democracies as they attempt to respond to shifting constituencies, the rise of new issues, and steadily growing rival parties on the periphery of the party system. Based on an analysis of parties’ positions on immigration and the welfare state in sixteen countries using data from the Comparative Manifesto Project, and a closer look at electoral campaigns in Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the chapter shows how pushing too far with market reforms or austerity policies opens up the center-left and center-right parties to electoral challenges, in particular during the Great Recession from 2008–12. The rising salience of immigration on political agendas across the continent, on the other hand, puts pressure on the center parties while fueling the growth of radical right-wing parties.

GENDER ISSUES IN THE ANTI-IMMIGRANT AGENDA OF EUROPEAN RADICAL RIGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
EKATERINA BURMISTROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Right

An attempt to show the role of women's rights in the anti-immigrant agenda of European radical right has been undertaken in the article. The author addresses to representative trends of modern right-wing radicals in Europe. The concept of «Eurabia» and the theory of Great Replacement are used as the theoretical substantiation of the anti-migrant views of right-wing radicals. The main message of these theories is related to the fact that the decline in the birth rate in Europe, combined with the increase in migrant flows, will lead to the replacement of European politics and lifestyle with Islamic values. Radical right emphasize that the European way of life and values are fundamentally incompatible with the Muslim way of life. Moreover, within the framework of the policy of modernizing their image, right-wing radicals complement the concept of «traditional European values», which they have always defended, with «liberal» values of women's emancipation. Thus, right-wing radicals are forming the image of European enemy - a patriarchal Muslim migrant. To recreate this portrait and to identify the main features of the rhetoric of right-wing radicals regarding the threat of a migrant invasion of female emancipation, the author addresses party programs, political posters, interviews with party leaders, media materials and right-wing radical news portals. Special attention is paid to the debate about the right to wear the veil - the main pressure point for the European right, for whom veil is a kind of «banner» of Islam. The foregoing allows concluding that, on the one hand, the use of the women's rights expands the range of arguments of right-wing radicals against European migration policy, and on the other hand, it allows radical right to establish themselves as defenders of women's rights associated with human rights as the main European value.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of changes in anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim attitudes in Europe: 1990–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Andreas Bell ◽  
Marko Valenta ◽  
Zan Strabac
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relevant Factors

AbstractMuslims and immigrants have both been subjected to negative attitudes over the past several decades in Europe. Using data from the European Values Study, this study analyses the changes in these attitudes in the period 1990–2017. We find that negative attitudes have been increasing on average in Europe as a whole, with anti-Muslim attitudes being more prevalent than anti-immigrant attitudes. However, when split into a Western European set and an Eastern European set, from 2008, there is a divergence between the two halves. Our findings reveal that negative attitudes towards Muslims and immigrants have decreased in Western Europe, whereas they have increased significantly in Eastern Europe. Further analyses find that there are large discrepancies between anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant attitudes in different countries. These discrepancies are discussed in detail and related to several relevant factors, such as the differences in size of the Muslim and immigrant populations, variations in the refugee influx and other possible factors and developments.

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