Why We Trust Other Nations

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuuli-Marja Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Election Study ◽  
National Image ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data

This article explores why citizens of one nation trust other nations. It is suggested that additional to economic and political performance, cultural excellence constitutes a national image from which transnational trust is derived if the image is prestigious. Using data from the European Election Study, the European Values Study, and Eurostat, multi-level fixed effects regressions are conducted to test this hypothesis. Results indicate that transnational trust is grounded in economic, political, societal and cultural sources. The findings show, furthermore, that for transnational trust, a nation’s ‘cultural modernity’ seems to be the most influential foundation.

Disengaging elections? Political interest, number of elections, and turnout in elections to the European Parliament

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652199845
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Nonnemacher
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
National Study ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
Cross National Study

Since direct elections to the European Parliament began in 1979, variations in voting behavior in European Parliament elections from national elections have raised interesting questions about political behavior. I add to a growing literature that explores turnout in European Parliament elections by focusing on the count of national elections between European Parliament elections. Through a cross-national study of elections, I find that turnout decreases in the European Parliament contest following cycles with numerous national contests. Then, using data from the European Election Study, I argue that this is the result of frequent elections decreasing turnout particularly among already low interest voters who stay home. My findings have implications for how formal rules of multi-level elections shape political behavior more generally and voter fatigue in particular.

scholarly journals Civil liberties and Volunteering in Six Former Soviet Union Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiga Kamerāde ◽  
Jo Crotty ◽  
Sergej Ljubownikow
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data

To contribute to the debate as to whether volunteering is an outcome of democratization rather than a driver of it, we analyze how divergent democratization pathways in six countries of the former Soviet Union have led to varied levels of volunteering. Using data from the European Values Study, we find that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia—which followed a Europeanization path—have high and increasing levels of civil liberties and volunteering. In Russia and Belarus, following a pre-emption path, civil liberties have remained low and volunteering has declined. Surprisingly, despite the Orange Revolution and increased civil liberties, volunteering rates in Ukraine have also declined. The case of Ukraine indicates that the freedom to participate is not always taken up by citizens. Our findings suggest it is not volunteering that brings civil liberties, but rather that increased civil liberties lead to higher levels of volunteering.

scholarly journals Workers’ EU political alignments during the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Freire ◽  
Luís Cabrita ◽  
Mariana Carmo Duarte ◽  
Hugo Ferrinho Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Election Study ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Political Alignments ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Using data from the European Election Study 2014, this article focuses on workers’ EU political alignments during the Great Recession. It deals with two research questions. First, how does the attitude of (manual) workers towards the EU compare to that of the middle and upper classes in the aftermath of the Great Recession? Second, when it comes to workers’ support for the EU, are there systematic differences between countries affected by the crisis? The article finds that, on the one hand, in terms of patterns of workers’ EU political alignments, there are no systematic differences between countries affected to varying degrees by the Great Recession. On the other hand, workers still feel fundamentally detached from the EU, especially when it comes to the manual workers. However, high levels of generalised detachment from the EU are not clearly translated into preferences for Eurosceptic parties, since there are high levels of vote fragmentation.

scholarly journals Morality in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship between Religion and Values in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Storm
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exact Relationship

AbstractThe exact relationship between religiosity and moral values is understudied, and it is unclear what the process of secularization means for the morality of Europeans. Previous research shows that religion is associated with low levels of political and economic development. A potential explanation is that religion provides an alternative moral authority to the authority of the state. Using data from four waves of the European Values Study 1981–2008, I analyze attitudes to personal autonomy (vs tradition) and self-interest (vs social norms) in a multilevel model of 48 European countries. The results show that religious decline has been accompanied by an increase in autonomy values, but not self-interest, that the relationship between religion and morality is stronger in more religious countries, and that it has declined since the 1980s. We also show that religiosity is more negatively associated with self-interest among people with low confidence in state authorities.

On the Durability of Green Politics

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK N. FRANKLIN ◽  
WOLFGANG RÜDIG
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Green Party ◽  
Green Parties ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Green Politics ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data

Green parties have been seen by some scholars as expressing a new cleavage that should give them the same sort of permanence as was once enjoyed by traditional cleavage-based parties, but other scholars suggest that support for Green parties will prove more ephemeral if Green issues are eventually taken up by older parties. In this article, we study the prospects for Green party durability from several perspectives using data from the 1989 European Election Study. We conclude that while Green parties are unlikely to demonstrate extreme volatility, neither do they have any guarantee of long-term support. In reaching this conclusion, we assess postmaterialist and other theoretical perspectives on Green voting, none of which account satisfactorily for observed phenomena. The ubiquitous importance of environmental concern, however, suggests the possibility of an ecological cleavage underlying the support for Green parties.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Analysis of Big-Five Trait Change Across 16 Longitudinal Samples

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Kranz Graham ◽  
Denis Gerstorf ◽  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Andrea Marie Piccinin ◽  
Tom Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Trajectory Models ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Over Time

This study assessed change in the Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis (IDA) using data from 16 studies including over 60,000 respondents to examine trajectories of change in the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Coordinating models across multiple study sites, we fit nearly identical multi-level linear growth curve models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in 8 studies with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed stability for agreeableness and decreases for the other four five traits. The non-linear trajectories suggest a U-shaped curve for neuroticism, and an inverted-U for extraversion. Meta-analytic summaries indicate that the fixed effects are heterogeneous, and that the variability in traits is partially explained by baseline age and country of origin. We conclude from our study that neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness go down over time, while agreeableness remains relatively stable.

scholarly journals Trust and Fertility Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnstein Aassve ◽  
Francesco C Billari ◽  
Léa Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
National Level ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data

We argue that the divergence in fertility trends in advanced societies is influenced by the interaction of long-standing differences in generalized trust with the increase in women's educational attainment. Our argument builds on the idea that trust enhances individuals’ and couples’ willingness to outsource childcare to outside their extended family. This becomes critically important as women's increased education leads to greater demand for combining work and family life. We test our hypothesis using data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study on 36 industrialized countries between the years 1981 and 2009. Multilevel statistical analyses reveal that the interaction between national-level generalized trust and cohort-level women's education is positively associated with completed fertility. As education among women expands, high levels of generalized trust moderate fertility decline.

scholarly journals Measuring Value Diversity within Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk ◽  
Mariko J. Klasing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Human Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diversity Research

Diversity research has shown that ethno-linguistic, religious, and genetic diversity are related to a variety of socio-economic outcomes. We complement this literature by focusing on a dimension of diversity so far ignored in diversity research for lack of data: Diversity in key human values. Using data from all available waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study we develop a multi-item indicator of value diversity. This measure reflects the extent to which key human values are shared among the inhabitants of a country. Our newly developed measure is available for up to 111 countries and three decades (1981-2014). We conclude by comparing our newly developed measure of value diversity with existing measures of social diversity and relating it to various indicator of socio-economic performance.

“This Country Is Not for Anyone”: Explanations of Low National Pride in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1012
Author(s):  
Klára Vlachová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
National Pride ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

AbstractNational pride is a group-based and sometimes collective emotion that people feel toward their nation-state. It is often measured by the general national pride item in cross-national surveys. Czechs are among those nations whose members express low levels of general national pride in comparison with those of other nations in the European Union. Scholars debate the extent to which general national pride is influenced by social desirability or other identifiable reasons. The goal of this article is to identify the specific reasons that influence general national pride in the Czech Republic. Using data from the October 2015 round of the survey Naše společnost, I examine what makes Czechs proud of their country. Among frequently mentioned reasons for national pride are the country’s beauty, nature, cities, and history, as well as respondents’ family and friends. Results of an ordinal regression analysis based on the European Values Study 2008 data confirm that general national pride is significantly influenced by political interest, confidence in government and satisfaction with the development of democracy, happiness, and social trust.

Traditional Gender Attitudes, Nativism, and Support for the Radical Right

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Olyvia R. Christley
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Important Evidence

Abstract Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, I analyze the link between harboring traditional gender attitudes and supporting radical right-wing parties. I theorize that the intrinsically gendered elements of the radical right's platforms and rhetoric, which mirror traditional masculinity and femininity in both explicit and implicit ways, make the ideology a comfortable home for individuals who hold traditional gender attitudes. My analyses reveal that gender traditionalists are more likely than egalitarians to express support for the radical right, even after controlling for a host of existing explanations. The same impact is not replicated for mainstream conservative parties. In addition, holding more gender-traditional attitudes raises the probability of supporting the radical right among both nativists and non-nativists. These findings provide important evidence that gender attitudes seemingly constitute a significant pathway to support for the radical right across Europe.

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