The effect of equi-molar dietary betaine and choline addition on performance and carcass quality of pigs

Betaine has three chemically reactive methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom of the glycine molecule. Therefore, it can be used as a methyl group donor partially to replace methionine in poultry and pig diets. Recent work also suggests that betaine has an energy sparing role by reducing maintenance requirement of the pig (Schrama and Gerrits, 2000). Betaine has improved performance and carcass leanness in some studies but the results are variable and seem to depend on age and sex of the animal, feeding level and diet composition.Choline can also be used as methyl donor in animal feeds. In poultry, methyl groups are available after the conversion to betaine in the liver. However, dietary betaine is twice as efficient as the equi-molar dietary choline for increasing liver betaine levels in broiler chick (Saarinen et al., 2000). The aim of this study was to compare the response of pigs fed equi-molar betaine and choline in terms of pig performance and carcass characteristics.

Download Full-text

Net charges and valence AO's in the methylamines; the hydrogen basis set and the properties of nitrogen

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v85-255 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 1487-1491 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giuseppe Del Re ◽

Sándor Fliszár ◽

Michel Comeau ◽

Claude Mijoule

Keyword(s):

Basis Set ◽

Basis Sets ◽

Methyl Groups ◽

Extended Form ◽

Amine Nitrogen ◽

Methyl Group ◽

Net Charges ◽

Extended Basis

Net charges and valence AO's for ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine were calculated using extended basis sets. Superposition effects, evaluated by replacing Pople's standard 6-31G* basis by an extended form in which the basis of the ammonia H atoms and of the methyl groups of trimethylamine are retained in the treatment of each molecule, indicate that the quality of the treatment of amine nitrogen atoms is strongly dependent on the number of methyl groups. A new, augmented basis is proposed for the hydrogens, which appears to be reasonably well balanced: comparison with familiar (e.g., 6-31G*) calculations illustrates in what manner the treatment of nitrogen is worsened when even just one methyl group is replaced by hydrogen unless the impoverishment of the basis is suitably taken care of.

Download Full-text

Effect of variable intake of alfalfa and wheat on faecal alkane recoveries and estimates of roughage intake in sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859604004150 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C. ELWERT ◽

H. KLUTH ◽

M. RODEHUTSCORD

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Recovery Rates ◽

Feeding Level ◽

The Poor ◽

Alfalfa Meal ◽

Dietary Treatments

The alkane technique allows estimates of intake and diet composition. For the latter a correction for incomplete recovery of faecal alkane concentrations has to be made. Feeding level and diet proportions have been discussed as factors possibly influencing recovery. A balance trial was conducted to study these effects on faecal alkane recovery rates and their consequences on estimates of roughage intake in sheep. The diets consisted of force-dried pelleted alfalfa meal (A) and wheat whole meal (W) in three levels each (360, 480, 600 and 270, 360, 450 g/day, respectively); the wheat was partly labelled with beeswax to provide a distinctive alkane pattern. Each diet was fed to four wethers. Despite significant effects (P<0·05) of A and W on organic matter digestibility, no such effects were observed for alkane recovery rates. Estimates of alfalfa intake were better if alkanes with a higher coefficient of variation of recovery were not included in diet composition estimates. Furthermore, in spite of the lack of significance of the dietary factors A, W and A×W, faecal alkane concentration correction based upon diet-specific faecal recoveries gave better estimates of alfalfa intake than based on overall recoveries. The estimate of alfalfa intake differed from known intake by −1·7 to −2·6%, depending on the method of estimation. The relative mean discrepancy was regarded as a tool to assess estimated intakes of individual animals. It ranged from 4·4 to 14·2% for dietary treatments and was 7·6% for all animals. The poor quality of estimates for individual animals may result from the variation of faecal recovery rates and needs further investigation.

Download Full-text

AI-based localization and classification of skin disease with erythema

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84593-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ha Min Son ◽

Wooho Jeon ◽

Jinhyun Kim ◽

Chan Yeong Heo ◽

Hye Jin Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Classification Model ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Sensitivity Score ◽

Common Skin ◽

Novel Method ◽

Improved Performance ◽

High Level

AbstractAlthough computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is used to improve the quality of diagnosis in various medical fields such as mammography and colonography, it is not used in dermatology, where noninvasive screening tests are performed only with the naked eye, and avoidable inaccuracies may exist. This study shows that CAD may also be a viable option in dermatology by presenting a novel method to sequentially combine accurate segmentation and classification models. Given an image of the skin, we decompose the image to normalize and extract high-level features. Using a neural network-based segmentation model to create a segmented map of the image, we then cluster sections of abnormal skin and pass this information to a classification model. We classify each cluster into different common skin diseases using another neural network model. Our segmentation model achieves better performance compared to previous studies, and also achieves a near-perfect sensitivity score in unfavorable conditions. Our classification model is more accurate than a baseline model trained without segmentation, while also being able to classify multiple diseases within a single image. This improved performance may be sufficient to use CAD in the field of dermatology.

Download Full-text

Better Animal Feeding for Improving the Quality of Ruminant Meat and Dairy

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1076

Author(s):

Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez ◽

Alberto Horcada

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Production System ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Ruminant Meat ◽

High Yields

The quality of meat and dairy products can be evaluated from the perspective of the farmer seeking high yields and profits or the consumer for whom sensory characteristics are the most important, although health and ethical aspects, such as animal welfare and the environmental impact of the production system, are increasingly becoming concerns worldwide [...]

Download Full-text

Reverse Osmosis of Whey - Valuable Biocomponent of Feed and Food

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.12.7780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 4482-4487

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Cheese Industry ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Western Romania ◽

Technological Options

Whey is a high-quality dairy by-product from cheese industry, being an important source of valuable proteins. It is important in human and animal nutrition due to its content in enzymes, hormones, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds, it has low lactose content, very little or it is free of lipids, but the dehydration (drying) technique must be very well chosen to preserve the quantity and quality of components. The objective of our study was to analyze the possibility of concentrating whey by reverse osmosis and having in view the possibility to preserve most of the biochemical properties of whey. Thus, we made comparative tests for quantitative determination of total protein, lipids, pH and acidity for - raw, skimmed and concentrated whey. The results showed that reverse osmosis is a good, cheap and easy-to-use method in cheese factories to obtain whey with well-preserved components. Most of the farmers from western Romania (especially in Timis county) use whey as ingredient of feed products. Studies from previous years present whey as an ingredient of nutritional supplements for animal feeding plan, as well as an ingredient in supplements for athletes and alternative medicine. There are many technological options for whey processing, but the final option must be very well correlated with the final nutritional purpose. Keywords: whey, feed, human, nutrition

Download Full-text

Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/ijvm.v45i2.1258 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Mohammed M Dakheel ◽

Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽

Jessica Quijada ◽

Martin J Woodward ◽

Caroline Rymer

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Animal Health ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

Download Full-text

Effect of room temperature and feeding level on growing finishing pig performance

Annales de Zootechnie ◽

10.1051/animres:19850336 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

J. LE DIVIDICH ◽

B. DESMOULIN ◽

J. Y. DOURMAD

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Feeding Level ◽

Finishing Pig ◽

Pig Performance

Download Full-text

KOMITE AUDIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN DAN PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEMERINTAH DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BELITUNG)

Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti ◽

10.25105/jmat.v1i1.4903 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Alexander Ikhsan ◽

Antar MT Sianturi

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Audit Committee ◽

Good Governance ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Financial Statement ◽

Audit Committees ◽

Government Performance ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Improved Performance

This research is a qualitative descriptive study entitled “Audit Committee to Improve Governance and Financial Statement in order to Improved Performance of Local Government (Case Study of District Government Belitung)”. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence of the audit committee in the local government in order to improve governance and the quality of local government financial statement, and its associations with local government performance. Measuring the importance of the audit committee, which was measured using interviews with 15 respondents who have an influence on governance in the Belitung District Based on these results, we can conclude that audit committees in local government will improve the governance and the quality of local government financial statements presentation. And from the results of this study also found that the good governance and quality of local government financial statements presentation will improve the overall local government performance

Download Full-text