scholarly journals Better Animal Feeding for Improving the Quality of Ruminant Meat and Dairy

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez ◽  
Alberto Horcada

The quality of meat and dairy products can be evaluated from the perspective of the farmer seeking high yields and profits or the consumer for whom sensory characteristics are the most important, although health and ethical aspects, such as animal welfare and the environmental impact of the production system, are increasingly becoming concerns worldwide [...]

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Martin ◽  
I. Verdier-Metz ◽  
S. Buchin ◽  
C. Hurtaud ◽  
J. -B. Coulon

AbstractAbstract This review summarizes the recent developments in understanding of the relationships between the diet of animals and the sensory quality of dairy products. Feeding dairy cattle with maize silage by comparison with hay or grass silage leads to whiter and firmer cheeses and butter and sometimes to differences in flavour. Major differences in sensory characteristics were observed between cheeses made with milk produced by cows on winter diets (based on hay and grass silage) or turned out to pasture in the spring. Conversely, preserving grass as silage, by comparison with hay, has no major effect on cheese sensory characteristics, except on colour, the cheese being yellower with grass silage. Several recent experiments have shown a significant effect of grass botanical composition on cheese texture and flavour. These effects are due to the presence in milk of specific molecules directly introduced by feeding (carotenes, terpenes) or produced by the animals (plasmin, fatty acids) under the effect of specific diets.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407
Author(s):  
N Losada-Espinosa ◽  
LX Estévez-Moreno ◽  
M Bautista-Fernández ◽  
H Losada ◽  
GA María ◽  
...  

Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, any monitoring system for slaughter animals should comprise an integrative vision that facilitates animal welfare and food safety assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors as possible causes for liver condemnations, hoof disorders, bruise prevalence, and the quality of beef carcases under commercial operating conditions in Mexico. Data were recorded for 143 journeys encompassing 1,040 commercial cattle, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy production systems. Details on journey distance, vehicle type, cattle type, and animals' origin were gathered from abattoir reports. We found that carcase bruising (41%) and hoof disorders (43.9%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the production system. Variables such as cattle type and production system influenced liver condemnations; old bulls extensively raised were more prone to present parasitosis such as Fasciola hepatica. Transportation conditions (journey distance, vehicle type) and cattle type might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in the evaluated animals. Multivariable logistic regression showed that animals' origin was a potential risk factor for severe bruising and high muscle pH, with cull dairy cows getting the most serious damage. In general, cattle transport conditions were factors that showed interactions with three of the evaluated indicators (severe hoof injuries, carcase bruising, meat pH24h). Our study shows the need to implement integrative surveillance to identify risk factors according to the production system from which the animals originate. With this information it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate specific cattle welfare problems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758
Author(s):  
Silvia Woll

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


Author(s):  
N.G. Kozyreva ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Abashin ◽  
L.A. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  

This article presents the results of determining the level of perinatal infection of calves with the bovine leukemia virus at the age from birth to colostrum intake and 1-1.5 months after birth when drinking milk from healthy individuals, excluding the alimentary transmission route, with an infection frequency of 5.4% in the surveyed farm. Improvement of molecular diagnostics based on genomic analysis in the scheme of complex antiepizootic/recreational measures for bovine leukemia has been carried out in order to improve the quality of dairy products. As part of the implementation and improvement of the scheme of preventive measures, a positive trend was found, expressed in a tendency to a 3.6-fold decrease in the frequency of detection of BLV infection of young animals. In the course of work, the efficiency of the use of a gene diagnostic test - multiplex PCR-RT – as a tool for the specific prevention of bovine leukemia of calves in the early stages of the disease was shown: the relative diagnostic sensitivity of the PCR-RT technique is at a level not lower than that of the serological method and differs in the side of overestimation by 3.8 times.


1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
T. Zambal ◽  
A. Samsunlu ◽  
E. Göknel

Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which include secondary stage biological treatment processes. The others have only mechanical treatment units including bar screens and grit chambers. Only one mechanical pre-treatment and marine disposal system, Yenikapi plant, has been operated since 1988 among these 14 plants and six of them are ready for construction. In this paper, the environmental impact of Yenikapi pretreatment and marine disposal system on the water quality of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara has been investigated. Long term water quality measurements which were performed in pre-and post-dischange applications have been evaluated. Water quality parameters including pH, DO, BODs, TKN, P and total coliforms were measured at various sampling stations around the discharge points. A general evaluation of marine outfall systems to be constructed in the scope of Istanbul wastewater treatment project, on the water quality of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus has been presented.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3832
Author(s):  
Rubén Agregán ◽  
Noemí Echegaray ◽  
María López-Pedrouso ◽  
Radwan Kharabsheh ◽  
Daniel Franco ◽  
...  

Proteomics is a new area of study that in recent decades has provided great advances in the field of medicine. However, its enormous potential for the study of proteomes makes it also applicable to other areas of science. Milk is a highly heterogeneous and complex fluid, where there are numerous genetic variants and isoforms with post-translational modifications (PTMs). Due to the vast number of proteins and peptides existing in its matrix, proteomics is presented as a powerful tool for the characterization of milk samples and their products. The technology developed to date for the separation and characterization of the milk proteome, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) technology and especially mass spectrometry (MS) have allowed an exhaustive characterization of the proteins and peptides present in milk and dairy products with enormous applications in the industry for the control of fundamental parameters, such as microbiological safety, the guarantee of authenticity, or the control of the transformations carried out, aimed to increase the quality of the final product.


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