Study on genetic parameters of some economic traits in Iranian indigenous silkworm races

Silkworms are well-known industrial insects, which produce natural fiber silk. Because of economic importance for silk yarn, an effort to breed new silkworm variety has been made for thousand years. High cocoon yielding due to high resistance, high silk reeling ability and productivity, better silk quality in neatness and lousiness is essential for new silkworm variety to increase silk productivity. Today, several hundred varieties have been bred accordingly various interests and purposes (Kang et al., 2001, 2002). Pupation rate, single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage are the main factors affecting the high yielding of cocoon (Kang et al., 2001, 2002). Native silkworm varieties have the low performance and could not be commercially employed. Indigenous strains are valuable genetic resources. They have been affected by natural selection in the successive generations and adapted to indigenous diseases and environmental conditions. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of locally available native silkworm populations provides essential information to make rational decisions for the improvement and development of effective breeding programmes. Hence, the present study was undertaken to identify genetic potential of indigenous silkworm for designing suitable breeding programmes.

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Phenotypic characterization of the indigenous chickens <i>(Gallus gallus)</i> in the northwest of Algeria

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-59-79-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 79-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Dahloum ◽

N. Moula ◽

M. Halbouche ◽

S. Mignon-Grasteau

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Body Weight ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Gene Frequencies ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Males And Females ◽

Shape Characters ◽

Almost All

Abstract. This study was conducted to characterize local chickens in the northwest of Algeria based on some phenotypic traits and to look at prediction of body weight from morphometric measurements (linear body). The results indicated that the predominant comb colour was dark red (77.8 %), followed by light red (22.2 %). Tarsus colour was either white (40.9 %), grey (31 %), yellow (15.39 %), dark (8.05 %), or green (4.51 %). Most chickens (81.7 %) had orange eyes, while 10.37 and 7.92 % had yellow and dark-brown eyes, respectively. The dominant earlobe colour was white (73.96 %), followed by red (16.81 %). The remaining proportion included yellow and red-mottled yellow and black earlobes. Proportions of the adaptive genes were low. Incidences of Na, F, Pti, Cr, R, and P genes were 8.82, 0.45, 1.22, 5.54, 3.35, and 4.7 %, respectively. The calculated gene frequencies ranged from 0.002 to 0.045. Variations were also found in quantitative morphological traits. Sex-associated differences (P < 0.001) were observed in almost all the parameters evaluated with higher values recorded for males. Phenotypic correlations of body weight and biometric traits ranged from −0.13 to 0.88 and −0.15 to 0.97 for males and females, respectively. From the factor analysis with varimax rotation of the intercorrelated traits, three principal components which accounted for 71.6 and 73.2 % of the total variance were extracted in males and females, respectively. Orthogonal body shape characters derived from the factor analysis accounted for 84.3 and 94.2 % of the variation in body weight of males and females, respectively. Information obtained from this study could be useful in an appropriate management, breeding programmes for selection and utilization of Algerian chicken genetic resources.

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Husbandry Practices and Phenotypic Characterization of Bidri Goats in Karnataka

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1657 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Basavraj Inamdar ◽

R. Nagaraja ◽

G.S. Naveen Kumar ◽

H.M. Yathish ◽

S. Naveen Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coat Color ◽

Random Mating ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Flock Size ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Software Environment ◽

Predominantly Black ◽

Standard Format ◽

Husbandry Practices

Background: The present study is focused on documentation of the husbandry practices and phenotypic characterization of Bidri goats, which is essential in recognition and improvement of this breed. Methods: A total of 20 random flocks in 7 villages were investigated. Data was collected as per the standard format suggested by ICAR-NBAGR (2012) and was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance in R software environment. Result: The average flock size of these goats was 33.43±4.73. The smaller flocks were generally housed in the part of residence, whereas, larger flocks (30-40 goats) were housed separately. Random mating was observed as males and females were grazed and housed together. These goats were predominantly black (73%), but black with white patches on ears, forehead, neck and knees (18%) and black with brown coat color (9%) were also found. The eyelids, muzzle and hooves were generally black in color and few exceptions were also seen. The forehead was straight in most of the goats but it was convex and concave shaped in very few. In these goats, 78 per cent were horned and were generally upwards, backwards, outward and curved, 13 per cent had downwards, backwards, outward and curved horns. Majority of these goats have pendulous ears and very few had horizontal ears. The average age at first estrus, first kidding, weaning age and kidding interval observed were 10.33±0.24, 17.57±0.40, 4-6 and 8.48±0.38 months, respectively. Usually the first kidding was single; twinning and triplet was 40 and 5 per cent of the breedable does, respectively. The mean body weight was 32.88±1.04 kg in bucks and 30.08±0.59 kg in does. Bidri goats are distinct and selective breeding would improvise the economic traits in these goats.

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Phenotypic Characterization of the Immune Landscape in the Bone Marrow of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Using MultiOmyxTM Hyperplexed Immunofluorescence Assay

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2019-122206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 1455-1455

Author(s):

Qingyan Au ◽

Arezoo Hanifi ◽

Erinn Parnell ◽

Judy Kuo ◽

Eric Leones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Essential Information ◽

Acute Myeloid

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and molecularly heterogeneous disorder. Bone marrow (BM) constitutes the home niche for leukemia cells in AML. Emerging data indicates that the BM microenvironment becomes immunosuppressive and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Regulatory T cells (Treg), tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) all contribute to immunologically permissive microenvironment for cancer cells. Based on phenotypical characteristics, MDSC can be further subdivided into granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC, polymorphonuclear MDSC) and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC). Although increasing evidence suggests that the immune system impacts the pathogenesis and prognosis in AML patients, only limited data has been published to comprehensively describe the immunological composition of AML BM microenvironment. Methods: In this study, we aimed to perform comprehensive characterization of the immune cells in the BM of patients with AML. Using MultiOmyx hyperplexed immunofluorescence (IF) assay and proprietary imaging analysis, we studied BM tissues of 20 AML patients and 6 normal controls with a total of 13 markers essential in cancer immunology. The normal and AML BM FFPE sections were stained with CD34, Arginase1, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD68, CD163, HLA-DR, CD3, CD4, CD8 and FOXP3. Results: Overall, MultiOmyx 13-plex panel staining results revealed an immune suppression-skewed immune profile in AML BM in this study. We observed that both M-MDSC and G-MDSC accumulated within the TME in AML BM samples, with higher frequency of G-MDSCs over M- MDSCs. The data also revealed an abundant M2 macrophages present in the TME of the AML samples. The detection of both MDSCs and M2 macrophages in these samples supports the hypothesis that these cells contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive TME. Using the MultiOmyx proprietary algorithm, which takes into account the staining patterns, we quantified the counts and density of different immune cells in both AML patient and normal BM samples. There was a significantly higher frequency of M2 TAM in AML than normal BM. Increased M-MDSC to G-MDSC ratio was also noted in patients with AML. Further, the spatial distance from the different subsets of immunosuppressive cells to CD34+ blasts was measured in AML samples using nearest neighbor analysis. The data indicated that G-MDSC were spatially closer to CD34+ blasts in AML than M-MDSC. Conclusions: The direct assessment of immune phenotypes and their spatial relationship by MultiOmyx IF assay provides essential information in understanding the immune landscape in AML BM. Together, our data suggests that AML blasts may directly recruit immunosuppressive Tregs, MDSC and TAM and this may be one of the escape strategies. The potential for eradicating AML lies in rational combinations of immunotherapies with strategies of the induction of anti-tumor immunity and the elimination or reprogramming of the immunosuppressive TME. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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