scholarly journals Effect of imbalance between energy and nitrogen supplies on microbial protein synthesis in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
D. Valkeners ◽  
Y. Beckers ◽  
F. Piron ◽  
A. Théwis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Robust Test ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Nitrogen Supplies

Balancing the supply of nitrogen and energy-yielding substrates to rumen micro-organisms was proposed as a mechanism to maximise the capture of rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) and to optimise microbial growth rate and efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various time periods of imbalance between nitrogen and energy supplies for the rumen micro-organisms on the microbial protein synthesis (SPM) in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls. This was realised by giving the same feedstuffs according to different meal patterns, which is one of the most robust test of the ‘synchrony’ hypothesis (Dewhurst et al., 2000).

scholarly journals Plant-based strategies towards minimising ‘livestock's long shadow’

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison H. Kingston-Smith ◽  
Joan E. Edwards ◽  
Sharon A. Huws ◽  
Eun J. Kim ◽  
Michael Abberton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Ruminant farming is an important component of the human food chain. Ruminants can use offtake from land unsuitable for cereal crop cultivation via interaction with the diverse microbial population in their rumens. The rumen is a continuous flow fermenter for the digestion of ligno-cellulose, with microbial protein and fermentation end-products incorporated by the animal directly or during post-ruminal digestion. However, ruminal fermentation is inefficient in capturing the nutrient resource presented, resulting in environmental pollution and generation of greenhouse gases. Methane is generated as a consequence of ruminal fermentation and poor retention of ingested forage nitrogen causes nitrogenous pollution of water and land and contributes to the generation of nitrous oxide. One possible cause is the imbalanced provision of dietary substrates to the rumen micro-organisms. Deamination of amino acids by ammonia-producing bacteria liberates ammonia which can be assimilated by the rumen bacteria and used for microbial protein synthesis. However, when carbohydrate is limiting, microbial growth is slow, meaning low demand for ammonia for microbial protein synthesis and excretion of the excess. Protein utilisation can therefore be improved by increasing the availability of readily fermentable sugars in forage or by making protein unavailable for proteolysis through complexing with plant secondary products. Alternatively, realisation that grazing cattle ingest living cells has led to the discovery that plant cells undergo endogenous, stress-mediated protein degradation due to the exposure to rumen conditions. This presents the opportunity to decrease the environmental impact of livestock farming by using decreased proteolysis as a selection tool for the development of improved pasture grass varieties.

The influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermentor Rusitec

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
J.P. Russi ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Short Time

Peptides and to a lesser extent amino acids accumulate in rumen fluid in the early post feeding period and rapidly decline thereafter (Broderick & Wallace, 1988). Numerous studies have demonstrated benefits to feeding peptides, in terms of increased microbial growth in the rumen (Newbold, 1999). However, given that peptides will only be available in the rumen for a short time after feeding it may be necessary to match supply of peptides and energy in the rumen to maximise the stimulation in microbial activity. The objective of this study was thus to investigate if microbial protein synthesis in rumen fluid would be enhanced by a synchronous provision of peptides and energy.

Effect of various levels of imbalance between energy and nitrogen supplies in the rumen on nitrogen metabolism in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls fed maize silage based diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
D. Valkeners ◽  
Y. Beckers ◽  
S. Amant ◽  
A. Théwis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
N Release ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Supplies

In a previous study, Valkeners et al. (2004) reported that feeding a concentrate-based diet with an imbalance between energy and N release in the rumen did not greatly influence the N balance of double-muscled Belgian Blue (dm-BB) bulls if daily ruminal degradable N (RDN) and fermentable OM (FOM) ratio did not exceed 6.2 g RDN/kg FOM. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of a higher level of imbalance between energy and N release in the rumen on microbial protein synthesis and N metabolism in dm-BB bulls fed maize silage based diet.

scholarly journals POTENSI FERMENTABILITAS RUMINAL HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Anggun Novi Barlian ◽  
Marry Christiyanto ◽  
Eko Pangestu ◽  
Limbang K Ustiawan Nuswatara
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Guava Leaves

The goal of this experiment was to examine the value of ruminal fermentability that is total VFA and total NH3 of forages for goat. The benefits of this research were can help check the ruminal fermentability of forages for goat and help the efficient formulation of feed as seen from VFA and NH3 production carried out in vitro. The research was done in randomized block design (RBD) with 7 types of forages as treatment and 3 rumen groups as replications. Treatment coverage: R1 = Indigofera leaves; R2 = Insulin leaves; R3 = Guava leaves; R4 = Melinjo leaves; R5 = Rambutan Leaves; R6 = Cassava Leaves; R7: Waru leaves. The result showed that production of NH3 in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, cassava leaves, and waru leaves are optimal for rumen microbial protein synthesis. VFA production in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, rambutan leaves, and cassava leaves can fulfill for rumen microbial growth.

Effects of synchronising dietary nitrogen and energy supply in diets with a similar carbohydrate composition on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. R. Newbold ◽  
P. J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Micro Organisms

The recently introduced metabolisable protein system for ruminants (Webster 1992) relates microbial nitrogen production to daily supply of fermentable metabolisable energy and effective rumen degradable protein but does not consider the effect of the pattern of supply of nutrients to rumen microbes on their efficiency and growth. However, synchronising the hourly supply of nitrogen and energy yielding substrates to rumen micro-organisms has been shown to increase the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Sinclair et al. 1993). The objective of the current experiment was to examine the effects of synchronising the hourly supply of energy and nitrogen in diets with a similar carbohydrate composition but differing in the rate of protein degradation, on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep.

scholarly journals PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Hee-Eun Yang ◽  
A M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

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