POTENSI FERMENTABILITAS RUMINAL HIJAUAN PAKAN KAMBING

The goal of this experiment was to examine the value of ruminal fermentability that is total VFA and total NH3 of forages for goat. The benefits of this research were can help check the ruminal fermentability of forages for goat and help the efficient formulation of feed as seen from VFA and NH3 production carried out in vitro. The research was done in randomized block design (RBD) with 7 types of forages as treatment and 3 rumen groups as replications. Treatment coverage: R1 = Indigofera leaves; R2 = Insulin leaves; R3 = Guava leaves; R4 = Melinjo leaves; R5 = Rambutan Leaves; R6 = Cassava Leaves; R7: Waru leaves. The result showed that production of NH3 in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, cassava leaves, and waru leaves are optimal for rumen microbial protein synthesis. VFA production in indigofera leaves, insulin leaves, guava leaves, melinjo leaves, rambutan leaves, and cassava leaves can fulfill for rumen microbial growth.

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Volatile fatty acids concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of concentrate cassava peel diet with different levels of protein sources

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500029 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00029

Author(s):

Arya Dwi Saputra ◽

Kusmartono Kusmartono ◽

Mashudi Mashudi ◽

Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Cassava Peel ◽

Different Levels

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein sources in a concentrate cassava peel diet on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) by in vitro method. The five diet treatments in this study consisted of cassava meal (CM), cassava peel (CP), cassava leaves (CL) and moringa leaves (ML) with the proportion applied were T1=CM70% + CP20% + CL5% + ML5%; T2=CM60% + CP20% + CL10% + ML10%; T3=CM50% + CP20% + CL15% + ML15%; T4=CM40% + CP20% + CL20% + ML20%; T5=CM30% + CP20% + CL25% + ML25%. The experiment used a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing the level of protein sources in the ration tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, CO2, and CH4 in which T3 had the highest values. However, the effect of treatments were significant in EMPS value (P<0.01). It was concluded that increasing levels of cassava and moringa leaves in the concentrate cassava peel diet tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and CH4 which led to a significant increase in EMPS values.

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Quantitative studies of food protein degradation and the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep given chopped lucerne and rolled barley

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19810137 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 587-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

J. C. Mathers ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Food Protein ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Outflow Rate

1. In a randomized block design, four sheep were given 800 g daily of diets containing: chopped lucerne (L), chopped lucerne–rolled barley (2:1; LB), rolled barley–chopped lucerne (2:1; BL), rolled barley (B); each diet was supplemented with minerals, vitamins and urea as considered necessary. Chromic oxide was included in the diets as a flow marker.2. Flows of organic matter (OM) and non-ammonia-nitrogen (NAN) to the small intestine (SI) were measured and microbial protein was identified by a35S-incorporation procedure.3. OM disappearance in the rumen increased linearly with increasing inclusion of barley in the diet but there was no significant change in microbial NAN flow to the SI so that the yield of microbial NAN (g)/kg fermented OM (FOM) decreased from 29.6 (diet L) to 22.7 (diet B). Changes in the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis appeared to be unrelated to alterations in rumen fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions or in rumen fluid dilution rate (D).4. The degradability of dietary protein (non-urea-N), estimated using the35S procedure, was 0.72, 0.76, 0.86 and 0.86 for diets L, LB, BL and B respectively. Similar values were obtained from concurrent polyester-bag experiments when the fractional outflow rate of undergraded protein from the rumen (k) was assumed to be 0.046.

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IMBANGAN HIJAUAN DAN KONSENTRAT DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP RESPON FERMENTASI RUMEN DAN SINTESIS PROTEIN MIKROBA PEDET SAPI BALI CALON INDUK

Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan ◽

10.24843/mip.2018.v21.i02.p04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

BUDIASA I K. M. ◽

N. N. SURYANI ◽

I W. SUARNA

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Block Design ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Host Animal ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

In order to fulfill the domestic meat requirements and reduce imports so government continually develop localbeef cattle based on their quantity and quality of meat. Among the local cattle in Indonesia, Bali cattle is the mostfavourite cattle (32.31%) considering on its meat quality. There were 12 calves used in this research with 100 kgof average body weight. The treatments were diet with 40% concentrate and 60% king grass (A); 45% concentrateand 55% king grass (B); 50% concentrate and 50% king grass (C); 55% concentrate and 45% king grass (D). Theexperiment was design in a completely randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates. Thevariables measured were rumen fermentation as of pH, NH3, total and pastial of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acidand butyric acid), microbial protein synthesis and protozoa populations. It showed that treatment D produce thehighest NH3 and total VFA, 14.66 mMol, and 165.38 mMol respectively compared to other treatments. Propionicacid was 27.87 mMol the highest in treatment D and 368.62 g/h/d microbial protein synthesis. It can be concludedthe higher proportion of concentrate in the bali heifer calves so the more energy supply, in this case, SPM availabilityfor the host animal is higher.

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Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis of Bali Cattle Heifers (Bos sondaicus ) Fed Ration Containing Different Energy Protein Level

Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jspi.id.15.2.187-194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 187-194

Author(s):

N. N. Suryani ◽

I. W. Suama ◽

I. G. Mahardika ◽

N.P. Sarini

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bali Cattle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of energy and protein levels on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis of Bali cattle heifers. The study was conducted in Petang Village, Badung Regency, Province of Bali Indonesia on 12 Bali cattle heifers with initial body weight 193,67 ± 22,55 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of ration consists of different level of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP): ME 2051.41 kcal/kg: 12.04% CP (Treatment A); ME 2107.79 kcal/kg : 13.05% CP (Treatment B); ME 2194.06 kcal/kg : 14.04% CP (Treatment C) and ME 2294.23 kcal/kg : 15.09% CP (Treatment D). Variables measured: nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and growth performance of Bali cattle heifer age of 18 month. This research was a randomized block design. The results showed that increase in ME to 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP significantly (P <0.05) increased energy intake to 17,880.57 kcal /day and protein intake 686.56 g /day. Rumen fermentation was also highest (P <0.05) in treatment D seen from total VFA, propionic acid and butyric acid respectively 170.32 mMol, 28.52 mMol and 13.70 mMol. While acetic acid, methane and NGR significantly decreased (P <0.05) respectively 57.77 mMol, 18.38 mMol and 3.07. This resulted in the highest rumen microbial protein synthesis in treatment D which was 562.06 g / day so that it was able to produce the highest ADG too, which was 0.42 kg /day. This study concluded that giving rations containing ME 2294.23 kcal /kg and 15.09% CP increased rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, resulting in the highest growth compared to lower levels.

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Effect of urea coating by chitosan on the dynamics of ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012004 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

S Nayohan ◽

K G Wiryawan ◽

A Jayanegara

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coating urea by chitosan at graded levels on ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro. This study used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to test ammonia parameter and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for pH, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). The treatments tested were: P0 = addition non coating urea 1%; P1 = coating urea by chitosan 1%; P2 = coating urea by chitosan 2%; P3 = coating urea by chitosan 3%. The data obtained were analysed by using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD test with SPSS version 25. The results of this study showed that the coating of urea chitosan had no significant effect on pH, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and amonia concentration in the rumen. However, it significantly reduced (P <0.05) total VFA concentration. It can be concluded that the application of urea coating by chitosan does not affect on the degradation of urea in the rumen.

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PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 395-395

Author(s):

Paul Tamayao ◽

Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽

Tim A McAllister ◽

Hee-Eun Yang ◽

A M Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

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Effect of microbial isolates on microbial yield estimation in RUSITEC system

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x0003295x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 306-308

Author(s):

M. D. Carro ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Continuous Culture System ◽

The One

The estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis is one of the main points in the nitrogen (N)-rationing systems for ruminants, as microbial protein provides proportionately 0.4 to 0.9 of amino acids entering the small intestine in ruminants receiving conventional diets (Russell et al., 1992). Methods of estimating microbial protein synthesis rely on marker techniques in which a particular microbial constituent is related to the microbial N content. Marker : N values have generally been established in mixed bacteria isolated from the liquid fraction of rumen digesta and it has been assumed that the same relationship holds in the total population leaving the rumen (Merry and McAllan, 1983). However, several studies have demonstrated differences in composition between solid-associated (SAB) and fluid-associated bacteria in vivo (Legay-Carmier and Bauchart, 1989) and in vitro (Molina Alcaide et al, 1996), as well in marker : N values (Pérez et al., 1996). This problem could be more pronounced in the in vitro semi-continuous culture system RUSITEC, in which there are three well defined components (a free liquid phase, a liquid phase associated with the solid phase and a solid phase), each one having associated microbial populations.The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of using different bacterial isolates (BI) on the estimation of microbial production of four different diets in RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977), using (15NH4)2 SO4 as microbial marker, and to assess what effects any differences would have on the comparison of microbial protein synthesis between diets.This study was conducted in conjunction with an in vitro experiment described by Carro and Miller (1997). Two 14-day incubation trials were carried out with the rumen simulation technique RUSITEC (Czerkawski and Breckenridge, 1977). The general incubation procedure was the one described by Czerkawski and Breckenridge (1977) and more details about the procedures of this experiment are given elsewhere (Carro and Miller, 1997).

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Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Paul Tamayao ◽

Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽

Tim A. McAllister ◽

Kim H. Ominski ◽

Atef M. Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Rumen Microbiota ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Barley Silage

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.

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Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000500027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1141-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽

Rasmo Garcia ◽

Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽

Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivative ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

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Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v11i2.371 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Novita Hindratiningrum ◽

Muhamad Bata ◽

Setya Agus Santosa

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

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