The influence of the pattern of peptide supply on microbial activity in the rumen simulating fermentor Rusitec

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
J.P. Russi ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Short Time

Peptides and to a lesser extent amino acids accumulate in rumen fluid in the early post feeding period and rapidly decline thereafter (Broderick & Wallace, 1988). Numerous studies have demonstrated benefits to feeding peptides, in terms of increased microbial growth in the rumen (Newbold, 1999). However, given that peptides will only be available in the rumen for a short time after feeding it may be necessary to match supply of peptides and energy in the rumen to maximise the stimulation in microbial activity. The objective of this study was thus to investigate if microbial protein synthesis in rumen fluid would be enhanced by a synchronous provision of peptides and energy.

Manipulation of rumen fermentation in sheep by increasing the rate of flow of water from the rumen

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harrison ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion ◽  
Total Amino Acids

SUMMARYThe effects of an altered rumen dilution rate (D) upon the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen liquor, VFA production rate, microbial protein synthesis and carbohydrate digestion within the rumen were studied using adult wether sheep.Dilution rate and VFA proportions were unaltered by the infusion of up to 121 water/day into the rumen of sheep fed dried grass and concentrate (9:1). There was a small but significant (P< 0·05) increase in the rumen volume when the infusion rate was increased from 8 to 12 1/day.The intraruminal infusion of artificial saliva (41/day), or artificial saliva containing 4% or 8% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) caused a significant increase in D with an associated decline in the molar proportion of propionate (Pr) in the rumen liquor. A similar effect was obtained with the intraruminal infusion of 2·5% w/v sodium bicarbonate. The overall regression of Pr on D was highly significant: Pr = 32·5–82·1D;r= –0·99, P < 0·001.A diet of flaked maize: dried grass (6:4) was offered to three sheep each fitted with a rumen cannula and with a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum. The intraruminal infusion (4 1/day) of artificial saliva containing 4% w/v PEG caused a significant (P< 0·01) increase in D and a significant (P< 0·01) depression in Pr in two animals. The dilution rate and Pr in the third animal were virtually unaltered by infusion. The regression of Pr on D for the three animals was highly significant: Pr = 34·8–136·8D; r = –0·98, P < 0·001. Each increase in D was associated with an increased flow of α-linked glucose polymer, total amino acids and total microbial amino acids into the small intestine and with an increased efficiency of microbial protein synthesis within the rumen.

scholarly journals Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Produksi Protein Mikroba Sapi Lokal yang Diberi Pakan Jerami Amoniasi dan Beberapa Bahan Pakan Sumber Energi

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Hindratiningrum ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Setya Agus Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Products of rumen fermentation and protein microbial of dairy cattle feed with rice bran ammonization and some feedstuffs as an energy sourcesABSTRACT. This study aims to examine the energy sources of feed ingredients that can increase the production of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas production and metabolic energy. The material used is as a source of rumen fluid inoculum from Frisian Holstein cows (FH) females, amoniasi rice straw, salt, mineral mix brand "Ultra Minerals' production Eka Farma Semarang, onggok wet and dry, corn, and rice bran. Observed variable is the concentration of (VFA), N-NH3, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and total gas production. Based on the analysis of diversity seen any significant effect (P0.05) on total VFA concentration, N-NH3 and total gas but had no effect (P0.05) on microbial protein synthesis. Conclusion of research is the provision of energy sources with rice bran treatment, onggok wet and dry corn flour can be used as fermentable carbohydrates on feed hay amoniasi in vitro.

The influence of supplementing rapidly degraded fibre with different forms of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
S. Chikunya ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Current Systems

There is controversy in the literature concerning the effect of amino acid (AA) and peptide nitrogen on microbial activity in ruminants fed diets high in structural carbohydrates. Microbial protein is the most variable and uncertain element of current systems of evaluating protein requirements for ruminants (ARC, 1984). Some of the variability is attributed to the multiplicity of techniques for estimating microbial yield, some of which are both imprecise and cumbersome. This study investigates the effects of different forms of nitrogen on microbial activity in sheep fed a rapidly degraded fibrous basal diet and attempts to validate the recently developed purine derivative (PD) technique by comparing it to other procedures used to estimate microbial protein synthesis under the same conditions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DAUN TURI (Sesbania grandiflora) DAN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala) DALAM RANSUM SAPI BERBASIS INDEKS SINKRONISASI PROTEIN - ENERGI TERHADAP SINTESIS PROTEIN MIKROBA RUMEN

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Fransisca Maria Suhartati ◽  
Wardhana Suryapratama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was aimed to assess the use of the legume leaf as a source of protein feedstuff and levels of synchronization protein-energy (SPE) index in the diet of cattles on ammonia (N-NH3) and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). In vitro techniques was done. The research was used a completely randomized design (CRD), with factorially pattern (2x3), the first factor was the two species of legume (Sesbania leaves and Leucaena leaves) and the second factor was the three level of the SPE index (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), there were 6 treatment combinations and each was 4 replicates. The results showed that no interaction between legume with SPE index, but each factor was significantly effect (P<0.05) on N-NH3 of rumen fluid and MPS. The research concluded that Leucaena leaf is a legume that is better than Sesbania leaf in terms of their ability toincrease MPS. SPE index is the best in producing MPS at level 0.6. Key words: Legume, synchronization of protein and energy index, ammonia, microbial protein synthesis

Duodenal Nitrogenous Constituent Flow in Growing Steers Fed Silages Prepared with Formic Acid and Enzyme Additives

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
J L Jacobs ◽  
A B McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

The addition to grass during ensiling of enzymes capable of hydrolysing forage polysaccharides has been shown to result in increased fermentation of dry matter within the silo (Jacobs & McAllan, 1987). Thus it appears that the enzymes promoted cellular breakdown within the silo. It is also possible that the enzymes may also have made available greater amounts of structural carbohydrate for utilisation within the rumen. Such an increase in available energy may be reflected in improved microbial activity in the rumen resulting in increased microbial protein synthesis. The present experiment examines the effects of enzyme treated silages on the flow of nitrogenous constituents at the duodenum of growing steers.

scholarly journals Efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis in cattle grazing tropical pastures as estimated by a novel technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bowen ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tropical Grass

The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) in cattle grazing a range of tropical pasture types was examined using a new method of intra-jugular infusion of chromium–EDTA to estimate urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Seven pasture types were studied in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, over a 13-month period. These included native tropical grass (C4) pasture (major species Heteropogon contortus and Bothriochloa bladhii) studied in the early wet, the wet–dry transition and the dry season; introduced tropical grass (C4) pasture (Bothriochloa insculpta) in the mid-wet season; two introduced tropical legume species (C3; Lablab purpureus and Clitoria ternatea); and the temperate-grass (C3) pasture, ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). There was a large range in EMPS across pasture types, with a range of 26–209 g microbial crude protein per kilogram digestible organic matter intake (DOMI). Estimated rumen-degradable protein (RDP) supply (42–525 g/kg DOMI) was the major factor associated with EMPS across the range of pasture types studied. EMPS in steers grazing all tropical grass pastures was low (&lt;130 g/kg DOMI) and limited by RDP supply. Negative linear relationships (P &lt; 0.05) between EMPS and concentrations of both neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in extrusa were evident. However, non-fibre carbohydrate in extrusa, total non-structural carbohydrate concentration in plucked pasture leaf, rumen fluid and particle dilution rate, protozoal concentration in rumen fluid and rumen fluid pH were not correlated with EMPS. It was concluded that EMPS was well below 130 g microbial crude protein per kilogram DOMI when cattle grazed unfertilised, tropical grass pastures in south-eastern Queensland and that RDP was the primary limiting nutrient. High EMPS was associated with a very high RDP, vastly in excess of RDP requirements by microbes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY  IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED DIET ON MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SHEEP

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Achmadi ◽  
A. T. Suhada ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
F. Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Post Feeding

The experimental research was conducted to clarify the effect of synchronization of ruminal carbohydrate and protein releases from sugarcane bagasse based diet (SBBD) on microbial protein synthesis in sheep. The first experiment was the formulation of three SBBD with similar nutrient content but differed in synchronization indexes (namely 0.36; 0.50 and 0.63). The in sacco nutrient degradability coefficient was used to calculate the synchronization index of each feedstuff. The second experiment was determination of post feeding ruminal pH, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in sheep fed on experimental SBBD. The third experiment was determination of feed digestibility and estimation of microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNP) on the basis of excreted urinary allantoin. The alteration of dietary synchronization index did not change nutrient intake, but the digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were increased (P<0.05). The post feeding ruminal pH was decreased (P<0.05) but concentrations of post feeding ruminal TVFA and NH3-N, and level of BUN were increased (P<0.05) by the treatment of dietary synchronization index. The treatment of dietary synchronization index improved MNP (P<0.05), although dietary synchronization index at 0.63 lowered the MNP (P<0.05). 

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation of grass silage on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulation continuous culture

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
J.W. Joo ◽  
W.J. Maeng ◽  
J.E. Cockburn ◽  
A.B. McAllan ◽  
H. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Grass Silage

Grass silage is considered to be asynchronous in the supply of energy and nitrogen to the rumen microbes. It is thought that this contributes towards the reduced quantities and efficiencies of rumen microbial protein synthesis frequently observed in animals feed on such diets (Beever, 1993). Additional energy from carbohydrates may help to ameliorate this situation. A rumen simulated continuous culture (RSCC) system was used to study the influence of supplementation of grass silage with various carbohydrate sources on rumen microbial activity.

Urea and meat meal in the diets of ruminant calves - the sites of digestion and the nitrogen requirements for microbial protein synthesis

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Meat Meal

Nine Friesian calves between 11 and 30 weeks of age were fed on diets based on barley supplemented with 0, 1.75 or 3.5 % urea or with meat meal. In a further experiment a purified diet was supplemented with 3-5.25 % urea and 20-50% wheat straw. The replacement of meat meal by urea reduced the flow of nitrogen to the duodenum and the apparent absorption of amino acid in the intestines. It was calculated that diets containing no meat meal would be limiting the growth of calves by a deficiency of sulfur amino acids and possibly threonine. With purified diets it was also calculated that the sulfur amino acids would be the first limiting amino acids for growth. The apparent digestion of amino acids in the small intestine varied from 66 to 76% for diets containing at least 1.8% nitrogen. The apparent digestion of essential amino acids was greater than that of non-essential amino acids. A nitrogen content of 1.8 % as urea in a purified diet was sufficient to maximize the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen to 23-24 g nitrogen per kg of dry matter fermented. This is equivalent to 1.7 g nitrogen per MJ of metabolizable energy in the diet and corresponds to a concentration of ammonia in the rumen of 120 mg/l. The dietary nitrogen content required in barley and urea diets for maximum microbial protein synthesis was greater than with purified diets owing to the incomplete breakdown of the nitrogen in barley in the rumen. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was similar for diets containing 8.3-11.0 MJ of metabolizable energy per kg of diet. The apparent digestion of a-linked glucose polymers in the rumen was lower for diets containing 1.3 % nitrogen than for those containing at least 1.8 %. As the metabolizable energy content of diets increased, there was a decrease in the apparent digestion of a-glucose polymers in the rumen.

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