Relationship between the gas production profiles of mixtures of hay and maize and the patterns of rumen fermentation observed in sheep fed those mixtures

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Mean

The gas production (GP) technique has been developed to assess dynamics of ruminant digestion. Relationships have been observed between a feed's GP profile and in vivo parameters such as digestibility (Khazaal et al., 1993), feed intake and growth rate (Blümmel and Ørskov, 1993), and in situ degradability (Sileshi et al., 1997). However, there are few studies which relate GP data to the in vivo pattern of rumen fermentation (in terms of the rate of pH decline 2 h post-feeding and the mean rumen pH, concentration of total VFA and molar proportion of individual VFA). The object of this experiment was to determine whether such a relationship existed between a feed's GP profile and the pattern of rumen fermentation observed in animals fed that feed.

Relationship between the gas production profiles of mixtures of hay and maize and the patterns of rumen fermentation observed in sheep fed those mixtures

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 63-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Mean

The gas production (GP) technique has been developed to assess dynamics of ruminant digestion. Relationships have been observed between a feed's GP profile and in vivo parameters such as digestibility (Khazaal et al., 1993), feed intake and growth rate (Blümmel and Ørskov, 1993), and in situ degradability (Sileshi et al., 1997). However, there are few studies which relate GP data to the in vivo pattern of rumen fermentation (in terms of the rate of pH decline 2 h post-feeding and the mean rumen pH, concentration of total VFA and molar proportion of individual VFA). The object of this experiment was to determine whether such a relationship existed between a feed's GP profile and the pattern of rumen fermentation observed in animals fed that feed.

Differences in microbial fermentation of barley straw induced by its treatment with anhydrous ammonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fondevila ◽  
G. Muñoz ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
F. Vicente ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe effect of ammonia treatment of straw on both the rumen environment and the extent of its microbial fermentation was studied. Four rumen cannulated sheep were randomly given 700 g/day of untreated straw plus urea (US), ammonia-treated straw (TS) and alfalfa hay (AH) in a change-over design with three periods. Rumen pH was lower and ammonia-nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were higher (P < 0·001) with AH than with US or TS. With the straw diets, TS promoted a lower pH than US (P < 0·05), but differences were less than 0·3 units and the mean pH was never below 6·5. There were no differences between the straw diets in ammonia-nitrogen or VFA concentration (P > 0·05). When untreated barley straw (BS) and treated straw (TS) were incubated in situ disappearance of dry matter (dDM) at 12, 24 and 48 h (P < 0·01) and neutral-detergent fibre (dNDF) at 48 h (P < 0·001) were higher with TS. In vitro incubation showed a higher gas production with TS only after 36 h (P < 0·05) whereas gas from BS fermentation was higher up to 14 h (P < 0·05). Among diets, dDM, dNDF and gas production with US were numerically higher than with TS or AH throughout, although few significant differences were observed, except for a higher dDM at 12 (P < 0·01) and 24 (P < 0·10) h and a higher dNDF at 12 h (P < 0·10). Particle-associated enzymes were extracted from BS and TS incubated in the rumen for 4, 8, 22 and 24 h. Results ofxylanase and cellulase activities support those of straw incubation, with a drop between 4 and 8 h in TS diet. The concentration of residual phenolics per unit of incubated straws after 12 and 24 h show that phenolics release to the media was higher with the TS diet. Daily changes of phenolic concentration into rumen liquid was also higher with TS than with US (P < 0·001). The increased release of straw phenolics by ammoniation reduced the potential for rumen degradation of straw, mainly in the first hours of the fermentation period.

INFLUENCE OF AMMONIATION OF HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY ON ITS IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADATION AND INFLUENCE ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN DAIRY COWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Reduced Rate

High-moisture barley (HMB) was ammoniated at levels of 0, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.95% of dry matter (DM) and stored in 6-t lots in large plastic silage bags. In situ rumen degradation rate of DM in HMB decreased with increased level of ammoniation, nitrogen component degradation was little influenced, and neutral detergent residue degradation increased. Three dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily in five experimental periods. Diets contained 490 g kg−1 oat silage, 385 g kg−1 HMB, and 125 g kg−1 of a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement. Measurements were made from weeks 18 to 33 of lactation to determine effects of ammoniation of HMB on levels and patterns of feed intake, as well as parameters of rumen fermentation. Cows tended to eat diets more rapidly as ammoniation level of substituted HMB increased, although total DM intake was not influenced. Rate of decline of rumen pH, and accumulation of butyrate, post-feeding was less pronounced as level of ammoniation of substituted HMB increased, supporting reduced rate of rumen degradation of HMB. However, total extent of change was greater, perhaps reflecting more rapid feed consumption post-feeding. Increased rumen acetate and butyrate concentrations as well as reduced concentration of 3 methyl butyrate suggests greater rumen fiber fermentation may have occurred as level of ammoniation of substituted HMB increased. Key words: Cows (dairy), ammoniation, high-moisture barley

Effect of different methods for conserving rice grain on in situ ruminal degradation and in vivo nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 972-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Miyaji ◽  
Hidehiko Inoue ◽  
Tetsuo Kawaide ◽  
Masanori Tohno ◽  
Yuko Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

The effect of the length of the priming period on fermentation characteristics using the pressure transducer technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
D. M. Harris ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Donor Animal ◽  
Grass Silage

The pressure transducer technique of Theodorou et al. (1984) is becoming of increasing importance in food evaluation. The main advantage over end-point procedures is the collection of kinetic data on a food. Previously such data were only obtained by sequential sacrifice or in situ techniques. Earlier work (Harris, 1996) showed that kinetics in the early stages of the incubation may not accurately simulate the processes occurring in vivo and this led to the use of a priming technique when the microbial innocula is acclimatized for 24 h to a priming food similar to the basal diet of the donor animal. This work investigates the effect of the length of priming on fermentation characteristics of two foods.Samples of barley grain and straw were ground through a 1-mm screen and a priming food of grass silage and concentrates prepared according to the method of Harris (1996). Gas production was determined from the barley grain and straw using bovine rumen liquor after exposing the microbial population to the priming food for 0 (unprimed), 6, 12, or 24 h. Gas volumes were recorded manually and the blank corrected volumes fitted to the equation of France et al. (1993).

scholarly journals Implantation in Coronary Circulation Induces Morphofunctional Transformation of Radial Grafts From Muscular to Elastomuscular

Circulation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (9_supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Gaudino ◽  
Francesco Prati ◽  
Eugenio Caradonna ◽  
Carlo Trani ◽  
Francesco Burzotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscular Architecture

Background— The purpose of this research was to investigate the in vivo morphofunctional changes induced in the radial artery (RA) by its use as coronary artery bypass conduit by comparing the morphological features and vasoreactivity of the native RA versus the coronary RA graft in the same patient. Methods and Results— Ten years after surgery, 10 patients were submitted to intravascular ultrasound examination of the RA graft of the controlateral (in situ) RA and of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft and to vasoactive challenges with acetylcholine and serotonin. Quantitative angiographic assessment showed that the mean diameter of the RA coronary grafts was significantly larger than that of the in situ RA and of the ITA (2.89±0.40 mm RA grafts, 2.14±0.52 mm in situ RA, 2.25±0.53 mm ITA grafts; P <0.001). The in situ RA demonstrated a typical muscular architecture, whereas RA coronary grafts showed a clear reduction of the thickness of the medial layer and had a less well-defined muscular component of the media with interposition of elastic tissue. Serotonin endovascular infusion elicited a strong spastic reaction in in situ RAs; the same challenge induced only moderate constriction in RA and ITA coronary grafts. Conclusions— Implantation in the coronary circulation leads to major anatomic and vasoreactive modifications of the RAs that tend to lose the morphofunctional features of a muscular conduit and assume those of an elastomuscular artery, such as the ITA.

Effect of feeding lactose on rumen metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 168-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hussain ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.

Prediction of Digestibility and Intake of Sheep Fed Leguminosae or GRAMINAE Hays: Comparison Between the in Vitro Digestibility, Kinetics of Gas Production or Dry Matter Degradation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Kinetics Of

By using separated values of kinetics of in situ dry matter (DM) degradation or in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) of leguminosae hays, Khazaal et al, (1993) reported high correlation with intake (r= 0.88; r= 0.79) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) (r= 0.94; r= 0.88). The aim of the present study was to extend the range of samples used and compare the ability of the 2 stages in vitro digestibility (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the in situ DM degradation or the gas production techniques to predict daily intake (g DM/ kgW0.75) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) of 19 leguminous and graminaceous hays fed to sheep.Three harvesting stages (early bloom EB, mid bloom MB or in seed IS) made from lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Rye (Secale cereale), Triticale (Triticale hexaploid), oat (Avena stativa) and a pre-bloom (PB) Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake and in vivo DMD recorded. Gas production (ml/ 200 mg DM) or in situ DM degradation (g/ 100 g DM) were determined as described by Khazaal et al, (1993) after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h incubation. Measured gas production or DM degradation values were fitted to the equation p=a+b(l-e-ct)(McDonald, 1981) where p is gas production or DM degradation at time t and a, b and c are constants. For nylon bag the washing loss (soluble fraction) was defined as A, the insoluble but fermentable matter was defined as B=(a+b)-A, and c is the rate of fermentation or degradation (Ørskov and Ryle, 1990).

Palatability,in situandin vitronutritive value of dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALILVANDI-BEHROOZYAR ◽  
M. DEHGHAN-BANADAKY ◽  
K. REZAYAZDI
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

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