scholarly journals The impact of a CBT-based bipolar disorder psychoeducation group on views about diagnosis, perceived recovery, self-esteem and stigma

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Richardson ◽  
Lucy White
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPrevious research has shown that psychoeducation for bipolar disorder (BD) improves symptoms and reduces relapse risk, but there is little research on how this impacts stigma, perceived recovery and views about diagnosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-based 12-week BD psychoeducation group conducted in a community mental health team for adults impacted perceived stigma, diagnosis-related self-esteem, recovery and views about diagnosis. The case series pre- and post-group had 23 participants across three groups. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, views on Manic Depression Questionnaire, Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire and author-constructed questions were completed pre and post. Twenty participants completed the group. An intent-to-treat repeated measures multiple analysis of variance showed significantly improved perceived recovery and improvements in sense of control and understanding around their diagnosis. Other specific questions such as understanding of triggers and impact of thinking patterns also improved. However, there was no change in the perceived stigma or self-esteem associated with living with BD. CBT-based psychoeducation groups may help improve perceived recovery and factors such as sense of control in BD. However, there appears to be no impact on stigma and self-esteem, and the role of non-specific factors needs to be examined further.Key learning aims (1)To raise awareness of the impact of stigma and self-esteem in bipolar disorder.(2)To understand the content and structure of CBT-based psychoeducation groups.(3)To consider the potential benefits of CBT-based psychoeducation groups beyond symptoms and relapse reduction on factors such as perceived recovery.

scholarly journals Culture and therapist self-disclosure

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Phiri ◽  
Shanaya Rathod ◽  
Mary Gobbi ◽  
Hannah Carr ◽  
David Kingdon
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
List Type ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Lay Members ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a treatment for schizophrenia and psychotic-related disorders has been shown to have significantly greater drop-out rates in clients of black and minority ethnic (BME) groups. This has resulted in poor outcomes in treatments. Our recent qualitative study thus aimed to develop culturally sensitive CBT for BME clients. The study consisted of individual in-depth 1:1 interviews with patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizo-affective, delusional disorders or psychosis (n = 15) and focus groups with lay members (n = 52), CBT therapists (n = 22) and mental health practitioners (n = 25) on a data set of 114 participants. Several themes emerged relating to therapist awareness on culturally derived behaviours, beliefs and attitudes that can influence client response and participation in therapy. The current paper aims to explore one of these themes in greater detail, i.e. client-initiated therapist self-disclosure (TSD). Using thematic analysis, the paper highlights key elements of TSD and how this could impact on therapist’s reactions towards TSD, the therapeutic alliance and ultimately, the outcomes of therapy. The findings appear to show that TSD has significant relevance in psychological practice today. Some BME client groups appear to test therapists through initiating TSD. It is not the content of TSD they are testing per se, but how the therapist responds. Consequently, this requires therapists’ cognisance and sensitive responses in a manner that will nurture trust and promote rapport. Further investigation in this area is suggested with a recommendation for guidelines to be created for clinicians and training.Key learning aims(1)To develop a dialogue and practice with confidence when addressing issues of self-disclosure with diverse populations.(2)To appreciate the impact therapist self-disclosure has in early stages of engagement, in particular when working with patients from BME communities.(3)To understand the impact and role of self-disclosure as initiated by patients.(4)To increase therapist awareness on cultural differences in self-disclosure and develop ways to address this in therapy.(5)To challenge therapists to adapt psychological therapies to diverse cultures and be cognisant that ‘one size does not fit all’.

The Impact of Health Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis: A Replication and Treatment Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Carrigan ◽  
Leon Dysch ◽  
Paul M. Salkovskis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonly associated with psychological complications. Previous research by Hayter and colleagues (2016) found that in patients with MS, health anxiety (HA) can account for part of the variance in quality of life (QoL) independent of physical and cognitive impairment caused by the disease. MS patients with HA perceived their intact physical and cognitive performance as impaired relative to those without HA and attributed the impairment to MS. These misperceptions might be useful targets in the treatment of HA in MS using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Aims: Study 1 sought to replicate the main findings from Hayter et al. (2016). Study 2 examined the impact of HA-focused CBT in a case series. Method: In Study 1, twenty participants with MS were screened for HA and assigned to either a high or low HA group. They completed assessments of cognitive and physical functioning before rating their performance on these tasks, followed by measures of QoL, mood and physical disability. Four participants in the high HA group subsequently received six sessions of CBT using a consecutive AB case series in Study 2. Results: Study 1 replicated the main findings from the earlier study. In Study 2, three of the four patients who received treatment showed substantial improvements in HA and mood and all showed improvement in QoL. Conclusion: Given the high rates of HA in MS patients and its impact on QoL, this case series suggests that a brief CBT intervention could significantly improve patients’ wellbeing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Education Based on the Adventure Education Programme on Self-Esteem and Social Competences of Adolescent Boys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3021
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Koszałka-Silska ◽  
Agata Korcz ◽  
Agata Wiza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adventure Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Social Exposure ◽  
Social Competences ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of physical education based on the adventure education programme on the social competences of adolescent boys. The participants (n = 70) were 1st grade high school students between 15 and 16 years old. Adolescents’ social competences were measured using the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Social Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) before and after the intervention. An experimental repeated-measures design was used, with a comparison group. ANOVA (2 × 2) for interaction group x time showed statistical significance in competences revealed in situations of social exposure (F1, 68 = 5.16, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.07) and competences revealed in situations requiring assertiveness (F1, 68 = 4.73, p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.07). Using the adventure education (AE) programme may be recommended as a way of developing social skill competences revealed in situations of social exposure and competences revealed in situations requiring the assertiveness of adolescents through physical activity that can be easily integrated into the school environment.

A pilot study on the impact of a pottery workshop on the well-being of people with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2056-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pérez-Sáez ◽  
Elena M Cabrero-Montes ◽  
María Llorente-Cano ◽  
Elena González-Ingelmo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study seeks to assess the impact of a pottery workshop as a creative arts programme and discover the extent to which people with dementia taking part in an artistic and creative activity engage with it, experience a feeling of well-being, and improve their mood state. In addition, the study will seek to answer the question of whether taking part in a programme of creative activities improves the self-esteem of people with dementia. Method The research used an uncontrolled, repeated measures design. Thirty users of the National Reference Centre for Alzheimer’s and Dementia care in Salamanca (Spain) in a moderate to advanced stage of dementia (Global Deterioration Scale 4, 5, or 6) were divided into five intervention groups that received ten 45-minute sessions in which they were helped by facilitators to make different ceramic pieces. The participants were assessed before and after the intervention with a self-esteem scale, and they rated their mood before and after the sessions on a graphic scale. During the art sessions, two observers recorded the presence of multiple indicators of well-being. Results The intervention was found to have a significant impact on mood and self-esteem that was independent of the participants’ Global Deterioration Scale. Regarding the tool used to observe well-being, the participants scored highly in the domains of sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy, with low scores in negative affect and sadness. Conclusions Pottery may be a highly suitable activity for people with dementia, as they may enjoy both the activity and the creative process, with it triggering a positive mood during the sessions, providing psychological well-being and reinforcing their self-esteem.

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs rational emotive education: Impact on children's self-talk, self-esteem and irrational beliefs

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Rational Emotive Education ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Rational-Emotive Education (REE) self-enhancement programs on children's self-talk, self-esteem and irrational beliefs. A total of 116 children (50.9% girls) with a mean age of 9.8 years attending Years 4 and 6 at two primary schools participated in the study. CBT resulted in a reduction in negative self-talk while REE seemed to enhance independence beliefs. Both programs were associated with increased positive self-talk and with having increased rationality in Conformity and Discomfort Intolerance beliefs.

scholarly journals The Associations of Common Psychological Problems With Mental Disorders Among College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Filip Smit ◽  
Pauline Aalten ◽  
Neeltje Batelaan ◽  
Anke Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

Psychological problems like procrastination, perfectionism, low self-esteem, test anxiety and stress are common among college students. There are evidence-based interventions available for these problems that not only have direct effects on these problems, but also indirect effects on mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. Targeting these psychological problems may offer new opportunities to prevent and treat mental disorders in a way that is less stigmatizing to students. In this study we examined the association of five psychological problems with five common mental disorders (panic, generalized anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, and substance use disorder) in a sample of 2,449 students from two Dutch universities. Psychological problems were measured with one item for each problem and mental disorders were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales. Associations were examined with Poisson regression models as relative risks (RR) of the disorders as a function of the psychological problems. The population attributable fraction (PAF) indicates by what percentage the prevalence of the mental disorder would be reduced if the psychological problem was addressed successfully by an intervention. Especially generalized anxiety disorder was strongly associated with psychological problems (strong associations with stress and low self-esteem and moderately with test anxiety). The group with three or more psychological problems had a strongly increased risk for generalized anxiety (RR = 11.25; 95% CI: 7.51–16.85), and a moderately increase risk for major depression (RR = 3.22; 95% CI: 2.63–3.95), panic disorder (RR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.96–5.20) and bipolar disorder (RR = 3.66; 95% CI: 2.40–5.58). The PAFs for having any of the psychological problems (one or more) were considerable, especially for generalized anxiety (60.8%), but also for panic disorder (35.1%), bipolar disorder (30.6%) and major depression (34.0%). We conclude that common psychological problems are associated with mental disorders and with each other. After adjustment, psychological problems are associated with different patterns of mental disorders. If the impact of the psychological problems could be taken away, the prevalence of several mental disorders would be reduced considerably. The psychological problems may provide a promising target to indirectly prevent and intervene in psychopathology in hard to reach college students with mental disorders.

The Psychological Impact of Fitness Testing in Physical Education: A Pilot Experimental Study Among Australian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zali Yager ◽  
Laura Alfrey ◽  
Lisa Young
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Fitness testing is common within physical education, but there has been considerable debate about the pedagogical purpose and potential psychological implications of this practice. The aim of this study was to conduct a pilot experimental study to determine the impact of traditional fitness testing approaches on the body image, self-esteem, mood, and attitudes toward fitness testing of a sample of Australian students. Method: Fifty-one students in Grades 7–10 completed a questionnaire before and after their usual two traditional fitness testing classes at their school. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed there were no significant differences from T1 to T2 on body image, self-esteem, or mood scores. However, there were significant differences observed over time, for participants aged over 15 years, whose self-esteem, social self-esteem subscale, and attitudes toward fitness testing scores, decreased from T1 to T2. Conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that older students may experience a decline in self-esteem due to fitness testing.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for low self-esteem in a person with a learning disability: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Evans ◽  
Kate Allez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Low self-esteem is common in people with learning disabilities. There is limited research examining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focused on low self-esteem within this client group. The purpose of this paper is to add to the limited evidence by describing the use of CBT focused on low self-esteem for a person with a learning disability in the context of emotion regulation difficulties. Design/methodology/approach An individual case study design was used, with repeated quantitative measures to monitor progress during weekly individual psychology sessions. Findings There was a reduction in the client’s feelings of anger and an increase in their self-esteem. Research limitations/implications Further studies and follow-up would determine longevity of benefits. The inclusion of distress tolerance techniques may have impacted on the findings and limits the conclusions that can be drawn about the impact of CBT focused on low self-esteem. Originality/value This case study could make a small contribution to the evidence base for the effectiveness of CBT-based treatments for low self-esteem in people with learning disabilities, which is an under-researched area.

Association between suicide attempts and insight among patients with bipolar disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S330-S330
Author(s):  
A. Cardoso ◽  
P. Aguiar ◽  
M. Byrne ◽  
M. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Suicide Attempted ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionInsight is an important factor associated with non-compliance and poor outcome. Poor level of insight has been described as a characteristic in patients with acute bipolar disorder with more unawareness in social consequences. In contrast, awareness of having a mental disorder, of its symptoms, of its consequences, and/or of the need for treatment is associated with a number of positive prognostic indicators. Insight is also linked, however, to depression and suicidal ideation in bipolar disorder.Objectives(1) Assess the illness perception. (2) Assess the impact of insight in suicidal tendencies.AimsContribute to development measures to improve the insight in bipolar disorders.MethodsIn this cross sectional study we use a convenience sample of patients with bipolar disorder attending in the mental health departments of three general hospitals in Lisbon great area. We have applied clinical and socio-demographic questionnaire and additional measures to assess symptom severity, treatment adherence and illness perception.ResultsA samples was composed by 64 patients with bipolar disorder (mean age = 38.7; SD ± 10.1). A total of 48.4% patients (n = 31) had made a suicide attempted and 23.4% (n = 15) of this patient done 5 or more attempted suicide. We found a significant correlation with symptoms and insight (rs = 0.56; P < 0.01).ConclusionMental health professionals often utilize insight as an indicator of prognosis, because of its association with treatment adherence. The findings of the current study suggest that having intact or good insight may be an indicator for suicidal ideation among patients with bipolar disorders. A brief psychoeducational approach could potentially be effective. We recommend a combined approach to Improve clinical insight in bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Real-world evaluation of digital CBT for insomnia in the primary care setting – many should not log on to doze off

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyu Xu ◽  
Kirstie N. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has emerged as the first-line treatment for insomnia where available. Clinical trials of digital CBTi (dCBTi) have demonstrated similar efficacy and drop-out rates to face-to-face CBTi. Most patients entering clinical trials are carefully screened to exclude other sleep disorders. This is a case series review of all those referred to a dCBTi within an 18-month time period. Those initially screened, accepted after exclusion of other sleep disorders, commencing and completing therapy were assessed to understand patient population referred from general practice in the UK. 390 patient referrals were analysed. 135 were suitable for dCBTi with a high rate of other sleep disorders detected in screening. 78 completed therapy (20.0%) and 44.9% had significant improvement in sleep outcomes, achieving ≥20% improvement in final sleep efficiency. dCBTi can be used within the UK NHS with good benefit for those who are selected as having insomnia and who then complete therapy. Many referrals are made with those likely to have distinct primary sleep disorders highlighting the need for education regarding sleep and sleep disorders prior to dCBTi therapy. Key learning aims (1) The use of unsupported digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBTi) requires proper patient selection. (2) There are many insomnia mimics and also previously unrecognized sleep and psychiatric disturbances that are under-diagnosed in the primary care setting that are contraindications for unsupported dCBTi. (3) The use of a stepped care approach similar to the UK’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) model using dCBTi could be feasible in the public health setting.

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