scholarly journals THE LOGIC OF RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA BÍLKOVÁ ◽  
GIUSEPPE GRECO ◽  
ALESSANDRA PALMIGIANO ◽  
APOSTOLOS TZIMOULIS ◽  
NACHOEM WIJNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Theory ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Disjunction Property ◽  
Resources And Capabilities ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Mutually Independent ◽  
Structural Proof Theory ◽  
Subformula Property

AbstractWe introduce the logic LRC, designed to describe and reason about agents’ abilities and capabilities in using resources. The proposed framework bridges two—up to now—mutually independent strands of literature: the one on logics of abilities and capabilities, developed within the theory of agency, and the one on logics of resources, motivated by program semantics. The logic LRC is suitable to describe and reason about key aspects of social behaviour in organizations. We prove a number of properties enjoyed by LRC (soundness, completeness, canonicity, and disjunction property) and its associated analytic calculus (conservativity, cut elimination, and subformula property). These results lay at the intersection of the algebraic theory of unified correspondence and the theory of multitype calculi in structural proof theory. Case studies are discussed which showcase several ways in which this framework can be extended and enriched while retaining its basic properties, so as to model an array of issues, both practically and theoretically relevant, spanning from planning problems to the logical foundations of the theory of organizations.

scholarly journals A New Arithmetically Incomplete First-Order Extension of Gl All Theorems of Which Have Cut Free Proofs

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tourlakis
Keyword(s):  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Disjunction Property ◽  
Axiom Schema ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kripke Structures ◽  
Order Extension ◽  
Subformula Property

Reference [12] introduced a novel formula to formula translation tool (“formula-tors”) that enables syntactic metatheoretical investigations of first-order modallogics, bypassing a need to convert them first into Gentzen style logics in order torely on cut elimination and the subformula property. In fact, the formulator tool,as was already demonstrated in loc. cit., is applicable even to the metatheoreticalstudy of logics such as QGL, where cut elimination is (provably, [2]) unavailable. This paper applies the formulator approach to show the independence of the axiom schema ☐A → ☐∀ A of the logics M3and ML3 of [17, 18, 11, 13]. This leads to the conclusion that the two logics obtained by removing this axiom are incomplete, both with respect to their natural Kripke structures and to arithmetical interpretations.  In particular, the so modified ML3 is, similarly to QGL, an arithmetically incomplete first-order extension of GL, but, unlike QGL, all its theorems have cut free proofs. We also establish here, via formulators, a stronger version of the disjunction property for GL and QGL without going through Gentzen versions of these logics (compare with the more complexproofs in [2,8]).

Taiwanese Modernization against Background of Russian and Chinese Ones

2011 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
A. Larin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects

The author attempts to compare some key aspects of modernization in Taiwan, on the one hand, and Russia and China, on the other hand. The aim is to understand what provided the efficiency of the Taiwan version and to what extent the Taiwanese experience can be useful for our country. Despite all differences between Taiwan and Russia, the author believes, the essence of modernization in both cases is common, because the general objectives are the same.

Gentzen sequent calculi for some intuitionistic modal logics

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-623
Author(s):  
Zhe Lin ◽  
Minghui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Sequent Calculus ◽  
Modal Logics ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Sequent Calculi ◽  
Intuitionistic Propositional Logic ◽  
Propositional Language ◽  
Intuitionistic Modal Logics ◽  
Subformula Property ◽  
Gentzen Sequent Calculus

Abstract Intuitionistic modal logics are extensions of intuitionistic propositional logic with modal axioms. We treat with two modal languages ${\mathscr{L}}_\Diamond $ and $\mathscr{L}_{\Diamond ,\Box }$ which extend the intuitionistic propositional language with $\Diamond $ and $\Diamond ,\Box $, respectively. Gentzen sequent calculi are established for several intuitionistic modal logics. In particular, we introduce a Gentzen sequent calculus for the well-known intuitionistic modal logic $\textsf{MIPC}$. These sequent calculi admit cut elimination and subformula property. They are decidable.

scholarly journals Extending Fibre Nonlinear Interference Power Modelling to Account for General Dual-Polarisation 4D Modulation Formats

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Gabriele Liga ◽  
Astrid Barreiro ◽  
Hami Rabbani ◽  
Alex Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communication ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
First Order ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
The One ◽  
Mathematical Derivation ◽  
Mutually Independent

In optical communications, four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats encode information onto the quadrature components of two arbitrary orthogonal states of polarisation of the optical field. Many analytical models available in the optical communication literature allow, within a first-order perturbation framework, the computation of the average power of the nonlinear interference (NLI) accumulated in coherent fibre-optic transmission systems. However, all such models only operate under the assumption of transmitted polarisation-multiplexed two-dimensional (PM-2D) modulation formats, which only represent a limited subset of the possible dual-polarisation 4D (DP-4D) formats. Namely, only those where data transmitted on each polarisation channel are mutually independent and identically distributed. This paper presents a step-by-step mathematical derivation of the extension of existing NLI models to the class of arbitrary DP-4D modulation formats. In particular, the methodology adopted follows the one of the popular enhanced Gaussian noise model, albeit dropping most assumptions on the geometry and statistic of the transmitted 4D modulation format. The resulting expressions show that, whilst in the PM-2D case the NLI power depends only on different statistical high-order moments of each polarisation component, for a general DP-4D constellation, several other cross-polarisation correlations also need to be taken into account.

THE MONTESSORI METHOD AND ITS CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Anna Stasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Montessori Method ◽  
Educational Ideology ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Educational Ideal ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The article is an attempt to sistetically present Maria Montessori’s activities and scientific achievements through the prism of her biography and to indicate the reception of the Montessori Methods in Poland. The first part indicates the key aspects of life that influence the worldview and research interests, such as the position of director at Casa de Bambini or the likely affiliation to the Theosophical Society. In particular emphasizes theme of migration, resulting on the one hand from geopolitical reasons, and on the other hand from the idea of disseminating its concept of education. It shows the emigration aspect – departure from Italy to Barcelona, associated with the then forming fascist movement, and then, to the Netherlands, determined by the anti-republican coup of General Francisco Franko. The text deals with issues related to the scientific and didactic activity of M. Montessori, including numerous foreign trips, including to the United States and India to popularize the method. It also indicates the main research inspirations influencing changes in education proposed by the researcher, i.e. the Montessori Method – influences of researchers: anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi, psychiatrist Andrea Verga, neuropsychiatrist and pedagogue Jean Marc Gaspard Itard and Édouard Séguin. It characterizes particular stages of the concept, from moral upbringing, through the system of freedom, to the concept of cosmic upbringing. The second part of the article concerns the reception of the Montessori Method in Poland, starting from the pre-war period to modern times. It presents two currents – direct reception and attempts to synthesize freblizism and montessorian- ism in order to create a new, national upbringing system and indicates possible reasons for the rebirth of the idea after 1989, were related to the evolution of the educational ideal in Poland. It presents selected studies on the topic and points to the current activities of institutions and organizations that popularize the idea of Montessori. It presents manifestations of the contemporary, unflagging addressing with the figure of M. Montessori and her concept. The above considerations have been set in the context of today’s Polish pedagogy, determined largely by concepts that contest the current school system, largely congenial with the conservative educational ideology.

Knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of Toxocara: the enigma remains

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. HOLLAND
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
The One ◽  
Paratenic Hosts ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYToxocara species infect a wide range of companion, domestic and wild animals as definitive and paratenic hosts, via multiple routes of transmission, producing long-lived tissue-inhabiting larvae and resistant eggs that can survive in the external environment. Therefore Toxocara and the disease it causes in humans, toxocariasis, represents an ideal aetiological agent for the development of the one health approach. However, despite increasing awareness of the public health significance of toxocariasis, gaps in our understanding of certain key aspects of the parasite's biology and epidemiology remain. These gaps hinder our ability to integrate research effort within the veterinary, medical and environmental disciplines. This review will highlight key deficits in our understanding of nine dimensions of Toxocara epidemiology and discuss a potential scenario to develop a more integrated, one health approach to improve our understanding of the prevention and control of this complex and cryptic zoonosis.

Wavelet-Like Receptive Fields Emerges by Non-Linear Minimization of Neuron Error

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Allan Kardec Barros ◽  
Andrzej Cichocki ◽  
Noboru Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Redundancy Reduction ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Mutually Independent ◽  
Large Research

Redundancy reduction as a form of neural coding has been since the early sixties a topic of large research interest. A number of strategies has been proposed, but the one which is attracting most attention recently assumes that this coding is carried out so that the output signals are mutually independent. In this work we go one step further and suggest an strategy to deal also with non-orthogonal signals (i.e., ''dependent'' signals). Moreover, instead of working with the usual squared error, we design a neuron where the non-linearity is operating on the error. It is computationally more economic and, importantly, the permutation/scaling problem10 is avoided. The framework is given with a biological background, as we avocate throughout the manuscript that the algorithm fits well the single neuron and redundancy reduction doctrine.5 Moreover, we show that wavelet-like receptive fields emerges from natural images processed by this algorithm.

Gentzen's Proof of Normalization for Natural Deduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan von Plato
Keyword(s):  
Natural Deduction ◽  
Sequent Calculus ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Cut Elimination ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Detailed Proof ◽  
Normalization Theorem ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Case

AbstractGentzen writes in the published version of his doctoral thesis Untersuchungen über das logische Schliessen (Investigations into logical reasoning) that he was able to prove the normalization theorem only for intuitionistic natural deduction, but not for classical. To cover the latter, he developed classical sequent calculus and proved a corresponding theorem, the famous cut elimination result. Its proof was organized so that a cut elimination result for an intuitionistic sequent calculus came out as a special case, namely the one in which the sequents have at most one formula in the right, succedent part. Thus, there was no need for a direct proof of normalization for intuitionistic natural deduction. The only traces of such a proof in the published thesis are some convertibilities, such as when an implication introduction is followed by an implication elimination [1934–35, II.5.13]. It remained to Dag Prawitz in 1965 to work out a proof of normalization. Another, less known proof was given also in 1965 by Andres Raggio.We found in February 2005 an early handwritten version of Gentzen's thesis, with exactly the above title, but with rather different contents: Most remarkably, it contains a detailed proof of normalization for what became the standard system of natural deduction. The manuscript is located in the Paul Bernays collection at the ETH-Zurichwith the signum Hs. 974: 271. Bernays must have gotten it well before the time of his being expelled from Göttingen on the basis of the racial laws in April 1933.

scholarly journals MANIFESTATION OF ETHNICITY AND VALUES: THE CASE STUDY FROM THE EASTERN LATVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Valērijs Makarevičs ◽  
Dzintra Iliško
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
A Value ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects

Values has been explored in connection to a deeper understanding of human behavior. Values provide the answer to the basic existential questions, help to provide meaning in one’s life. Values are the key aspects of one’s self-esteem. They reflect diverse aspects of one’s social identity. According to a number of scientists, ethnic identity is a part of social identity. A number of studies in psychology has a focus on the connection between ethnicity and ethnic values. There are two main approaches towards the study of values can be distinguished. On the one hand, there are values that have the existential basis for the existence of people. On the other hand, the information about ethnic values can have applied aspect. The aim of this study is to identify differences in value orientation among representatives of two main linguistic groups that live in Eastern Latvia: the group of Latvian and Russian-speaking participants. The second goal is to explore the influence of religion, age and gender on the values of the research participants. The methodology used for the purpose of this study was to determine value orientation towards family, religious and friendship. The authors discovered statistically significant differences only in relation to a value of friendship. This value turned out to be the highest among the Russian-speaking group as compared to the Latvian-speaking group, as well as in the Orthodox group as compared to the group of Catholics.

scholarly journals Essential Characteristics of a Primary School Teacher as a Subject of Creative Pedagogical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Yulya Zhurat ◽  
Tatiana Doroshenko ◽  
Iryna Shaposhnikova ◽  
Tamara Paguta ◽  
Svetlana Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects

The article describes and analyzes three key aspects of the personality of a primary school teacher as a subject of creative pedagogical activity - Requirements for the personality of a modern primary school teacher, subjectivity of a primary school teacher in scientific discourse and activity components as a basis of professional subjectivity of a primary school teacher. The purpose of the article is to summarize the experience of Western and Eastern European scholars on the modern view of the components and activities of the subjectivity of the teacher of this profession in order to increase its didactic and educational effectiveness. It’s proved that the subjectivity of the primary school teacher is defined as a complex functional autonomy of the system, which is formed, developed, built and transformed by him in the process of life, acquisition of pedagogical education and experience of pedagogical activity. Such subject-oriented manifestations of the teacher's personality as activity (ability to conscious self-determination of creative pedagogical activity) are described; productivity (its complex ability, on the one hand, to transform the educational reality in the classroom into a humane educational environment and the student in the subject of creative learning, and on the other - to constant subjective, professional and professional self-development and self-improvement in teaching, improving the results of their activities and themselves as a subject of pedagogical activity.

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