Clean Labels and “Self-evident” and “Flagrantly Misleading” “Palm Oil-free” Claims

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
Ignacio Carreño ◽  
Paolo Vergano
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Concept

This report addresses the legal concept of “self-evident” and “flagrantly misleading” advertising established in Article 7(1)(c) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (hereinafter, the Food Information Regulation, FIR). Since 13 December 2014 (since the specific origin of vegetable oils must be declared), “palm oil-free” claims on, e.g., a product containing sunflower oil or any other vegetable oil (and mandatorily indicating it in the list of ingredients) are arguably obvious, unnecessary and irrelevant (and in legal terms “selfevident” and “flagrantlymisleading”). Compared to similar foods that possess the same characteristics, but do not claim to be “palm oil-free”, these products are in no way “special”.

scholarly journals Determination of Multiple Mycotoxins and Their Natural Occurrence in Edible Vegetable Oils Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Thammaporn Junsai ◽  
Saranya Poapolathep ◽  
Samak Sutjarit ◽  
Mario Giorgi ◽  
Zhaowei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Ionization Source

The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.

LOCATION OF OILSEED PRODUCTION IN TERMS OF VEGETABLE OIL EXPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Yu. V. RAGULINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
World Export ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oilseed Production

The article is devoted to the issues of placing seed production in the conditions of world export of vegetable oils. In 2019, the volume of Russian exports of sunflower oil exceeded 3 million tons for a total of $ 2,2 billion, which is about 30% of the vegetable oil produced in the country. In Russia, the main oilseeds are sunflower, rapeseed, and soy. Less common crops include oilseed flax, ginger, mustard, and safflower. It is stated that in 2001–2019, the acreage of all types of oilseeds in the country increased by more than 2 times, and the gross harvest – by 3,3 times, while the yield increased by 1,4 times.

Experimental Study on Performance of a Single-Cylinder Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Vegetable Oil-Diesel Blends

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarlo Banania ◽  
Edwin N. Quiros ◽  
Jose Gabriel E. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Single Cylinder

Abstract Continuous demand for energy in order to provide to an ever-increasing global population calls for use of or integration of other alternative sources of fuel other than fossil fuels. Many countries all over the world use vegetable oils blended with neat diesel as alternative and using these biofuels can help alleviate lessen the emissions releases on the environment as well as the country’s dependency on fossil fuels. In the Philippines Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) is the primary vegetable oil used, however in this study we used four other vegetable oils which are RCO (Refined Corn Oil), RPO (Refine Palm Oil), JFO (Jahtropa Filtered Oil) and JME (Jathropa Methyl Ester) in order to investigate the possibility of their use in diesel engines. A 6.3 kW single-cylinder, four stroke cycle, direct injection engine was used for the study. This kind of engine is typically used in the Philippines for different purposes such as backup power for households, for boats, pumps and for agriculture use. The specific fuel consumption of the biodiesel blends compared to neat diesel fuel ranged from −15% to 15% with RCO and JME having higher SFC and JFO and RPO having lower SFC. Fuel conversion efficiency of the varied from −12% to 12% with JFO and RPO having higher efficiency and RCO and JME having lower efficiency. The power of the varied from −7% to 6% with RPO having lower power output, JFO having higher power output and JME and RCO having similar power output to neat diesel fuel. At full load condasition Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 15% Refined Palm Oil showed the greatest improvement in SFC while Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 10% Jathropa Filtered Oil showed the best power output.

scholarly journals Price Integration Analysis of Crude Oil and Vegetable Oils

HABITAT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Resti Destiarni ◽  
Ahmad Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Long Run

The importance of palm oil as Indonesia's main export commodity from the non-oil and gas sector makes a study about the price integration of crude oil and vegetable oils is conducted. The time-series data is used are monthly data from 2002:2 to 2019:4. Using the Vector Correction Model (VECM), this study aimed to analyze the price integration among Log of Crude Oil Price (LCOP), Palm Oil Price (LPOP), Soybean Oil Price (LSOP), Sun Flower Oil Price (LSFOP) and Rapeseed Oil Price (LROP). Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) stationary test results show that the time series for those data are stationary at first difference. Using the Pearson Correlation test among price data indicates that there is a high positive correlation among those price data. It reveals a high degree of short-run integration among oil price data. Based on the Johansen cointegration test, the result reveals the presence of long-run relationships among determinants. Knowing presence of cointegration among the data, a bivariate cointegration test was conducted in this study. The test showed that LCOP did not have long-run relationship with vegetable oil prices. The Engel Granger Causality test revealed that generally, LPOP have influence on the movement both LCOP and other vegetable oil prices.

scholarly journals Species Richness and Carbon Footprints of Vegetable Oils: Can High Yields Outweigh Palm Oil’s Environmental Impact?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Robert Beyer ◽  
Tim Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
High Yields

Palm oil has been widely criticised for its high environmental impacts, leading to calls to replace it with alternative vegetable oils in food and cosmetic products. However, substituting palm oil would be environmentally beneficial only if the environmental footprint per litre oil were lower than those of alternative vegetable oils. Whether this is the case is not obvious, given the high oil yields of oil palm of up to 10 times those of alternative crops. Here, we combine global agricultural and environmental datasets to show that, among the world’s seven major vegetable oil crops (oil palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, groundnut, coconut, olive), oil palm has the lowest average species richness and carbon footprint associated with an annual production of one litre of vegetable oil. For each crop, these yield-adjusted footprints differ substantially between major producer countries, which we find to be largely the result of differences in crop management. Closing agricultural yield gaps of oil crops through improved management practices would significantly reduce the environmental footprints per oil yield. This would minimise the need for further land conversion to oil cropland and indeed could increase production to such an extent that a significant area of oil croplands could be ecologically restored.

scholarly journals Technological Aspects of Vegetable Oils Transesterification with Ethanol in the Presence of Metal Oxides

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Yuriy Melnyk ◽  
Roman Starchevskyi ◽  
Stepan Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Oxide Particles

Transesterification of vegetable oil with ethanol in the presence of fine metal oxide particles as catalysts has been investigated. Zinc and nickel(II) oxides were shown to have the highest catalytic activity. In their presence, the conversion of sunflower oil triglycerides, after 150 min, reached 95.3 and 94.2 %, respectively. The optimal mass fraction of zinc oxide catalyst was found to be 0.25–0.31 %. In the presence of zinc oxide, with mass fraction of water in ethanol of 5 and 10 %, the conversion of triglycerides was 98.5 and 94.8 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samya Elias ◽  
Ademola M Rabiu ◽  
Benjamin I Okeleye ◽  
Vincent Okudoh ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil

Bifunctional solid catalysts facilitate the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) into alkyl esters alongside the transesterification reaction, which allows for the use of waste vegetable oils with high water and FFA contents for biodiesel production. This makes the process economically viable and greener, as the waste fats and oils are readily available. The concurrent esterification and transesterification of waste palm oil (WPO) and waste sunflower oil (WSO) with methanol was investigated in the presence of calcium oxide on alumina catalyst in a conventional batch process. The catalyst characterization showed the existence of calcium oxide aluminates (calcined at 750 °C), which exhibited crystalline phases with porous/spongy-like particles. The high concentration of CaO in CaO/Al2O3 was a favorable support material in the heterogeneously-catalyzed transesterification reactions. The optimum catalyst parameters for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were observed at 65 °C for 4 h with a methanol-to-oil ratio of 9:1, 60% (waste palm oil, or WPO) and 80% (waste sunflower oil, or WSO), CaO/Al2O3 (% wt/wt) catalyst ratio as well as 4% CaO/Al2O3 concentration (% wt.) for WSO and WPO. The simultaneous esterification/transesterification reactions at optimum conditions on WPO and WSO led to high yield of FAMEs of 89, 61 and 55% for WPO and 54, 75 and 98% for WSO at catalyst ratios (wt %) of 60, 70 and 80% respectively. The use of bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst (CaO/Al2O3) with waste vegetable oil can result in high performance and the upscaling of biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Production of AuNPs and Their Impact on the Oil Oxidative Stability

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Flávio S. Michels ◽  
Pablo J. Gonçalves ◽  
Valter A. Nascimento ◽  
Samuel L. Oliveira ◽  
Heberton Wender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Vegetable oils have been used for different applications and, more recently, as an active host medium to obtain nanoparticles for employment in bionanotechnological applications. Nevertheless, oils are very susceptible to oxidation during production, storage, and transportation because of their chemical composition. Consequently, any modification in their production must be accompanied by an analysis of the oxidative stability. In this study, naked and biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown on sunflower oil during sputtering deposition using different deposition times. Size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their concentrations were found by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Rancimat® method was employed to evaluate the AuNPs influence on the oxidative stability of the vegetable oil. Well-dispersed quasi-spherical NPs were produced with a mean diameter in the 2.9–3.7 nm range and they were concentration-dependent on the deposition time. A concentration of about 11 mg/L, 38 mg/L, and 225 mg/L of AuNPs was obtained for a deposition time of 5 min, 15 min, and 30 min, respectively. The results also revealed that AuNPs negatively affected the oxidative stability of the sunflower oil and exponentially reduced the induction period (IP) with the increase in AuNPs content. IP reductions of 63%, 77%, and 81% were determined for the AuNPs containing samples at 11 mg/L, 38 mg/L, and 225 mg/L. For the first time, it is reported that naked AuNPs promote the rapid degradation of vegetable oil and this points out the need for attention relative to the quality of vegetable oils used to host metal nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Co-Movement among World Vegetable Oil Prices: A Wavelet-Based Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068-1086
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafizh Mohd Azam ◽  
Tamat Sarmidi ◽  
Abu Hassan Shaari Md Nor ◽  
Muhamad Rias K V Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Cross Correlations

This paper examines the co-movement among major world vegetable oil prices (palm, soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oil) by using wavelet-based analysis for a dataset ranging from January 2003 until March 2018. The wavelet approach is superior to the other techniques as it provides a flexible tool in investigating the changes in time and frequency domain simultaneously. The empirical result shows that the strong comovement among vegetable oils are driven by strong contagion and interdependence but incomplete vegetable oil market integration among major world vegetable oil. Interestingly, palm oil shows a lower degree of relationship with other edible oil in all scales after 2015. Meanwhile, more recent data shows that soybean and rapeseed oil have shown an increase in interdependence among each other. The study finds that multiple cross-correlations indicate that soybean oil is a potential leader of the vegetable oils market followed by palm oil primarily in the low scale period. This study on the time-frequency domain gives new insight for traders and investors in the vegetable oil market relating to the strategy for portfolio diversification and risk management.

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