Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts

Abstract Evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association. The study included mother–offspring pairs from three Pelotas birth cohorts. Offspring cardiometabolic risk factors were collected in the last follow-up of each cohort [mean age (in years) 30.2, 22.6, 10.9]. Blood pressure was measured using an automatic device, cholesterol by using an enzymatic colorimetric method, and glucose from fingertip blood, using a portable glucose meter. In a pooled analysis of the cohorts, multiple linear regression was used to control for confounding. Mediation analysis was conducted using G-computation formula. In the adjusted model, mean systolic blood pressure of offspring from overweight and obese mothers was on average 1.25 (95% CI: 0.45; 2.05) and 2.13 (95% CI: 0.66; 3.59) mmHg higher than that of offspring from normal-weight mothers; for diastolic blood pressure, the means were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.26; 1.34) and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.62; 3.59) mmHg higher, respectively. Non-HDL cholesterol was positively associated with maternal BMI, whereas blood glucose was not associated. Mediation analyses showed that offspring BMI explained completely the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and non-HDL cholesterol. Our findings suggest that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with offspring blood pressure, and blood lipids, and this association is explained by offspring BMI.

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Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents in a Country of the African Region

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2013/801832 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tanica Lyngdoh ◽

Bharathi Viswanathan ◽

Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽

Gary J. Myers ◽

Pascal Bovet

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Mass ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

We assessed the association between several cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and glucose) in 390 young adults aged 19-20 years in Seychelles (Indian Ocean, Africa) and body mass index (BMI) measured either at the same time (cross-sectional analysis) or at the age of 12–15 years (longitudinal analysis). BMI tracked markedly between age of 12–15 and age of 19-20. BMI was strongly associated with all considered CRFs in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, with some exceptions. Comparing overweight participants with those having a BMI below the age-specific median, the odds ratios for high blood pressure were 5.4/4.7 (male/female) cross-sectionally and 2.5/3.9 longitudinally (P<0.05). Significant associations were also found for most other CRFs, with some exceptions. In linear regression analysis including both BMI at age of 12–15 and BMI at age of 19-20, only BMI at age of 19-20 remained significantly associated with most CRFs. We conclude that CRFs are predicted strongly by either current or past BMI levels in adolescents and young adults in this population. The observation that only current BMI remained associated with CRFs when including past and current levels together suggests that weight control at a later age may be effective in reducing CRFs in overweight children irrespective of past weight status.

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Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000787 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rianneke de Ritter ◽

Simone J S Sep ◽

Carla J H van der Kallen ◽

Miranda T Schram ◽

Annemarie Koster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure Difference

ObjectiveTo investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.Research design and methodsIn a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.ResultsIn pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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Association between eating habits, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-9865202134e200116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Angelo dos Santos DUARTE JUNIOR ◽

Adroaldo Cezar Araujo GAYA ◽

Vanilson Batista LEMES ◽

Camila Felin FOCHESATTO ◽

Caroline BRAND ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors.

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Maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and early childhood cardiometabolic risk factors: The Generation R Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0261351

Author(s):

Dionne V. Gootjes ◽

Anke G. Posthumus ◽

Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽

Bas B. van Rijn ◽

Eric A. P. Steegers

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Childhood Body Mass Index

The objective of this study was to determine the associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and early childhood cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring. Therefore, 7794 women from the Generation Rotterdam Study were included, an ongoing population-based prospective birth cohort. Women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were classified as such when they were affected by pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia or the haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome during pregnancy. Early childhood cardiometabolic risk factors were defined as the body mass index at the age of 2, 6, 12, 36 months and 6 years. Additionally, it included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total fat mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors at 6 years of age. Sex-specific differences in the associations between hypertensive disorders and early childhood cardiometabolic risk factors were investigated. Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were inversely associated with childhood body mass index at 12 months (confounder model: -0.15 SD, 95% CI -0.27; -0.03) and childhood triglyceride at 6 years of age (confounder model: -0.28 SD, 95% CI -0.45; -0.10). For the association with triglycerides, this was only present in girls. Maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were not associated with childhood body mass index at 2, 6 and 36 months. No associations were observed between maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, fat mass index and cholesterol levels at 6 years of age. Our findings do not support an independent and consistent association between maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and early childhood cardiometabolic risk factors in their offspring. However, this does not rule out possible longer term effects of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on offspring cardiometabolic health.

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Combined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiometabolic risk factors in children

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2012-0382 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 477-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽

Travis John Saunders ◽

Marie-Ève Mathieu ◽

Mélanie Henderson ◽

Mark Stephen Tremblay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol

The objective of this study was to examine the combined associations between time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and time spent sedentary in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of Canadian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 536 white children aged 8–10 years with at least 1 obese biological parent. Time spent in MVPA and sedentary behaviour over 7 days was measured using accelerometry and participants were stratified by tertiles. Daily screen time over 7 days was also self-reported by the child. Outcomes included waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose concentrations. Analyses of covariance comparing tertiles of sedentary time/MVPA showed that higher levels of MVPA were associated with lower waist circumference, fasting triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, irrespective of sedentary time. In linear regression, MVPA was inversely associated with waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL cholesterol, independent of covariates including sedentary time. In contrast, sedentary time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure but after adjustment for MVPA the association was no longer statistically significant. Self-reported screen time was positively associated with waist circumference and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol independent of covariates including MVPA. Overall, a high level of MVPA was associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk in this sample of children, regardless of their amount of sedentary behaviour. The type of sedentary behaviour (i.e., screen time) might be more important than overall sedentary time in relation to cardiometabolic risk.

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Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Adult Offspring Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.111.070060 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (11) ◽

pp. 1381-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

Hagit Hochner ◽

Yechiel Friedlander ◽

Ronit Calderon-Margalit ◽

Vardiella Meiner ◽

Yael Sagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Body Mass Index

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Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Relation to the Reduction in Body Mass Index in Adolescents with Obesity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-605508/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Teodoro Durá-Travé ◽

Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano ◽

María Malumbres-Chacón ◽

María Urretavizcaya-Martinez ◽

Paula Moreno-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Blood Testing

Abstract Background. There are controversial data in relation to the reduction in BMI-SDS needed to improve adiposity in the pediatric population with obesity. The aim of this work is to determine the minimum variation in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) required to improve the values of adiposity markers and cardiometabolic risk factors in growing adolescents with obesity. Methods. A longitudinal study consisting in clinical evaluation (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and fat mass index, and blood pressure) and blood testing (insulin resistance and lipid profile) was conducted in 350 adolescents with obesity (152 boys and 198 girls), aged 10.2–14.3 years, that went through a combined intervention (12 months). Results. A decrease in SDS-BMI ≤0.5 was not associated with any significant improvement in the clinical features and blood testing recorded. A decrease in BMI-SDS >0.5, and especially if >1.0, was linked to a significant improvement in adiposity markers. A decrease in BMI-SDS >0.5 was associated with a significant improvement in insulin resistance, and a decrease in BMI-SDS >1.0 was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of patients who showed high values of systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR and lipid profile Conclusions. Improvement in body composition, insulin resistance and lipid profile can be observed with reductions in BMI-SDS of ≥0.5 in obese adolescents, while extended benefits are obtained by losing at least 1.0 BMI-SDS.

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Abstract 3551: Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Their Association with Cardiometabolic and Global Risk Among Whites and Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_803-d ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Allison H Christian ◽

Lori Mosca

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Global Risk ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Hs Crp

Purpose : To determine if waist circumference (WC) or body mass index (BMI) is more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among family members of patients hospitalized for cardiac disease, overall and by race/ethnicity. Methods : Participants in the NHLBI F amily I ntervention T rial for Heart Health ( F.I.T. Heart ) were included in this analysis (n=472; mean age 48±14 years, 67% female, 36% non-white). Height, weight, WC, BMI, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were systematically measured in all participants. Global risk was calculated using the Framingham function. Results : The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with WC and BMI is shown in Table 1 . The most common correlate of increased WC and BMI was elevated hs-CRP. Overall, increased WC was the strongest correlate of glucose≥100 and hs-CRP≥3.0. BMI≥25 was the strongest predictor of blood pressure≥140/90, low HDL, triglycerides≥150, and global risk≥10%. Among non-whites, increased WC did not identify those with blood pressure≥140/90, glucose≥100 or global risk≥10% and BMI≥25 did not identify those with low HDL or glucose≥100. There was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and increased BMI in predicting low HDL (p<0.01), with a stronger correlation in whites than non-whites. Conclusions : The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their correlation with WC and BMI varies by race/ethnicity. Our data support inclusion of both WC and BMI in screening guidelines for diverse populations to identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic and global risk. Table 1. Prevalence of and Association between Indices of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk

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Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12 deficiency: is it related to cardiometabolic risk?

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000668 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sanem Kayhan ◽

Nazli Gulsoy Kirnap ◽

Mercan Tastemur

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Deficiency Group

Abstract. Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: −0.39, p < 0.001 r: −0.34, p < 0.001 r: −0.57, p < 0.04 r: −0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

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