Through ruminant nutrition to human health: role of fatty acids

In the last decades, a new awareness on human nutrition has increased and the concept of ‘food’ has changed from ‘source of nutrients for body’s needs’ to ‘health promoter’. Fruits and vegetables have always been considered beneficial for human health. More recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive components are also present in animal-derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. A broader concept of ‘nutritional safety’ implies the knowledge of how the nutrients contained in animal-derived foods positively affect human health, and how to increase their content. The improvement of dairy products fatty acid (FA) composition can involve strategies in animal nutrition. This review aims to discuss the role of FAs supplementation in ameliorating milk fat composition, environmental impact and animal health. In particular, we have focused on the role of n-3 and CLA FAs and how animal nutrition strategies can positively affect both human and animal health. Several studies have demonstrated that through adequate nutritional strategies is possible to manipulate and improve FA composition of milk and derived products (cheese). Moreover, feeding animals with n-3 FAs has proved to reduce emission of methane (CH4), but further nutritional strategies are needed in order to address this crucial environmental issue. In relation to animal health, n-3 FAs have been proved to modulate immune and inflammatory response in dairy ruminants. Recent studies have addressed the potential programming effects of increased maternal n-3 polyunsaturated FAs intake on offspring’s immune functions showing that feeding bioactive FAs to pregnant animals can affect progeny health status.

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Understanding rumen lipid metabolism to optimize dairy products for enhanced human health and to monitor animal health

Improving rumen function - Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science ◽

10.19103/as.2020.0067.15 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 467-504

Author(s):

Veerle Fievez ◽

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Nymph De Neve ◽

Lore Dewanckele ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Human Health ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Animal Health

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Food and feed, mycotoxins and the perpetual pentagram in a changing animal production environment

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12073 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 383 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wayne L. Bryden

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Potential Role ◽

Animal Health ◽

Animal Production ◽

World Food ◽

Production Environment ◽

Rapid Population Growth ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Fungal Secondary Metabolites

G. L. McClymont developed a unique paradigm in which to consider the challenges that confront agriculture and it is based on an understanding of the interrelationships of plants, animals, soils and water within an economic and social framework. The major changes in our environment are the consequence of rapid population growth and the need to increase world food supplies. Within this context, this paper provides an overview of the link between agriculture, especially animal production and population health and how mycotoxins, fungal secondary metabolites, can perturb this link. Examples from New Zealand and Australian animal agriculture are described. The underlying premise of this paper is that agriculture is a major determinant of human health through the supply of food derived from both plant and animal sources. In other words, nutrition is the conduit between agriculture and human health. Against this backdrop the potential role of mycotoxins in determining food and feed supplies is discussed. Globally, mycotoxins have significant human and animal health, economic and international trade implications.

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The role of biotechnology in enhancing the digestion of forage cell walls by ruminants (jerry hughes scholarship)

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200590693 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 ◽

pp. 73-73

Author(s):

E. R. Deaville

Keyword(s):

Genetic Engineering ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Animal Health ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Service Industries ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Rumen Microbes

The term biotechnology has been defined as the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture and service industries (Anon, 1980) and is, therefore, more than the application of ‘genetic engineering’ techniques alone. The potential application of biotechnology to the agricultural livestock industry includes many wide ranging areas: animal health; breeding; livestock production; livestock nutrition and the nutritive value of feeds. The role of biotechnology in animal nutrition and feeding is of particular importance since feed costs account for a significant proportion of the total variable costs in any livestock production system (e.g. milk, meat). The potential implications of biotechnology in animal nutrition has been reviewed by Armstrong (1986) and includes references to the improvement of the nutritive value of feeds through, for example, genetic manipulation of feed sources (cereals), appropriate supplementation and the use of biological inoculants with or without enzymes as silage additives and to improvements in the ability of the animal to obtain nutrients from feeds through the addition of enzymes to feeds and modification of rumen microbes through genetic engineering.

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The role of animal nutrition in improving the nutritive value of animal-derived foods in relation to chronic disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2005448 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 395-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

D. I. Givens

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Uk

Foods derived from animals are an important source of nutrients in the diet; for example, milk and meat together provide about 60 and 55% of the dietary intake of Ca and protein respectively in the UK. However, certain aspects of some animal-derived foods, particularly their fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents, have led to concerns that these foods substantially contribute to the risk of CVD, the metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases. In most parts of Europe dairy products are the greatest single dietary source of SFA. The fatty acid composition of various animal-derived foods is, however, not constant and can, in many cases, be enhanced by animal nutrition. In particular, milk fat with reduced concentrations of the C12–16SFA and an increased concentration of 18:1 MUFA is achievable, although enrichment with very-long-chainn-3 PUFA is much less efficient. However, there is now evidence that some animal-derived foods (notably milk products) contain compounds that may actively promote long-term health, and research is urgently required to fully characterise the benefits associated with the consumption of these compounds and to understand how the levels in natural foods can be enhanced. It is also vital that the beneficial effects are not inadvertently destroyed in the process of reducing the concentrations of SFA. In the future the role of animal nutrition in creating foods closer to the optimum composition for long-term human health is likely to become increasingly important, but production of such foods on a scale that will substantially affect national diets will require political and financial incentives and great changes in the animal production industry.

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Milk in the diet: good or bad for vascular disease?

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665111003223 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

D. I. Givens

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Product Consumption ◽

Dairy Product Consumption

CVD still represent the greatest cause of death and disease burden in Europe and there remains uncertainty whether or not diets rich in milk and/or dairy products affect CVD risk. This paper reviews current evidence on this from prospective studies and the role of serum lipids and blood pressure as markers of CVD risk with such diets. Also the potential of animal nutrition-based approaches aimed at reducing CVD risk from consumption of milk and dairy products is outlined. Briefly, the evidence from prospective studies indicates that increased consumption of milk does not result in increased CVD risk and may give some long-term benefits, although few studies relate specifically to cheese and butter and more information on the relationship between milk/dairy product consumption and dementia is needed. Recent data suggest that the SFA in dairy products may be less of a risk factor than previously thought; although this is based on serum cholesterol responses which taken in isolation may be misleading. Milk and some dairy products have counterbalancing effects by reducing blood pressure and possibly BMI control. Despite this, animal nutrition strategies to replace some SFA in milk with cis-MUFA or cis-PUFA are extensive and intuitively beneficial, although this remains largely unproven, especially for milk. There is an urgent need for robust intervention studies to evaluate such milk-fat modifications using holistic markers of CVD risk including central arterial stiffness.

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Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Nudda ◽

Antonello Cannas ◽

Fabio Correddu ◽

Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽

Mondina Francesca Lunesu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Fa Composition ◽

Nutritional Strategies ◽

Positive Effect

This bibliographic review presents and discusses the nutritional strategies able to increase the concentration of beneficial fatty acids (FA) in sheep and goat milk, and dairy products, with a particular focus on the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), and highlights differences between the two species. In fact, by adopting appropriate feeding strategies, it is possible to markedly vary the concentration of fat in milk and improve its FA composition. These strategies are based mostly on the utilization of herbage rich in PUFA, or on the inclusion of vegetable, marine, or essential oils in the diet of lactating animals. Sheep respond more effectively than goats to the utilization of fresh herbage and to nutritional approaches that improve the milk concentration of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) and α-linolenic acid. Dietary polyphenols can influence milk FA profile, reducing or inhibiting the activity and growth of some strains of rumen microbes involved in the biohydrogenation of PUFA. Although the effectiveness of plant secondary compounds in improving milk FA composition is still controversial, an overall positive effect has been observed on the concentration of PUFA and RA, without marked differences between sheep and goats. On the other hand, the positive effect of dietary polyphenols on the oxidative stability of milk fat appears to be more consistent.

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Glutathione: its implications for animal health, meat quality, and health benefits of consumers

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar05053 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 775 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. M. Liu ◽

S. J. Eady

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Food Products ◽

The Body ◽

Animal Source ◽

Animal Source Food

There has been an increasing focus on the role of antioxidants for human health. This review outlines associations of the most predominant antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), in the body and some ageing-related diseases. Strategies to replete GSH, particularly developing animal-source food products, are discussed. Potentials to alter GSH content in the animal’s body and its possible effects on health are also explored.

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Dietetic Management of Lipid Profile in an Adult Population from the Italian Region of Abruzzo: Role of Mediterranean Diet

Global Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.34257/gjmrkvol19is3pg9 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 9-21

Author(s):

Maria Alessandra Gammone ◽

Stefania Martelli ◽

Antonella Danese ◽

Nicolantonio D’Orazio

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Adult Population ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Cardio Vascular ◽

The One

Background: There has long been a lot of debate about the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of cardio- vascular diseases. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-3 PUFAs are the types of fat that favor metabolic markers and represent central components of the Mediterranean diet, which is considered an ideal dietary pattern with great cardio protective effect. Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of Mediterranean diet on lipid metabolism, compared to not-Mediterranean hypocaloric dietary patterns. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical trial evaluated total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides and their modifications in a group of adults in relation to the two different kinds of diet: on the one hand the typical western dietetic pattern, characterized by higher intakes of red meat, dairy products and refined grains, low consumption of fruits and vegetables (L-diet), and the Mediterranean diet (M-diet).

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