Understanding rumen lipid metabolism to optimize dairy products for enhanced human health and to monitor animal health

In the last decades, a new awareness on human nutrition has increased and the concept of ‘food’ has changed from ‘source of nutrients for body’s needs’ to ‘health promoter’. Fruits and vegetables have always been considered beneficial for human health. More recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive components are also present in animal-derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. A broader concept of ‘nutritional safety’ implies the knowledge of how the nutrients contained in animal-derived foods positively affect human health, and how to increase their content. The improvement of dairy products fatty acid (FA) composition can involve strategies in animal nutrition. This review aims to discuss the role of FAs supplementation in ameliorating milk fat composition, environmental impact and animal health. In particular, we have focused on the role of n-3 and CLA FAs and how animal nutrition strategies can positively affect both human and animal health. Several studies have demonstrated that through adequate nutritional strategies is possible to manipulate and improve FA composition of milk and derived products (cheese). Moreover, feeding animals with n-3 FAs has proved to reduce emission of methane (CH4), but further nutritional strategies are needed in order to address this crucial environmental issue. In relation to animal health, n-3 FAs have been proved to modulate immune and inflammatory response in dairy ruminants. Recent studies have addressed the potential programming effects of increased maternal n-3 polyunsaturated FAs intake on offspring’s immune functions showing that feeding bioactive FAs to pregnant animals can affect progeny health status.

Download Full-text

The Honey Bee: An Active Biosampler of Environmental Pollution and a Possible Warning Biomarker for Human Health

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6481

Author(s):

Marianna Martinello ◽

Chiara Manzinello ◽

Nicoletta Dainese ◽

Ilenia Giuliato ◽

Albino Gallina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Honey Bee ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Animal Health ◽

Close Correlation ◽

The European Union ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Pesticide Pollution ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽

Active Substances

Member states of the European Union are required to ensure the initiation of monitoring programs to verify honey bee exposure to pesticides, where and as appropriate. Based on 620 samples of dead honey bees—42 of pollen, 183 of honey and 32 of vegetables—we highlighted the presence, as analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection, of many active substances, mainly tau-fluvalinate, piperonyl butoxide, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, permethrin and imidacloprid. Among the active substances found in analyzed matrices linked to honey bee killing incidents, 38 belong to hazard classes I and II, as methiocarb, methomyl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and permethrin, thus representing a potential risk for human health. We have shown that, at different times between 2015 and 2020, during implementation of the Italian national guidelines for managing reports of bee colony mortality or depopulation associated with pesticide use, pesticide pollution events occurred that could raise concern for human health. Competent authorities could, as part of a One Health approach, exploit the information provided by existing reporting programs on honey bees and their products, in view of the close correlation to human health, animal health and ecosystem health.

Download Full-text

Plasmalogens improve swimming performance by modulating the expression of genes involved in amino acids and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis in an Alzheimer's disease zebrafish model

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo01471d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junli Feng ◽

Gongshuai Song ◽

Yuanyuan Wu ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Jie Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Human Health ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Health Studies ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Plasmalogens (PLs) are critical to human health. Studies have reported a link between downregulation of PLs levels and cognitive impairments in patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD). however, the underlying mechanisms...

Download Full-text

Identification and dietary exposure assessment of tetracycline and penicillin residues in fluid milk, yogurt, and labneh: A cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.527-534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Suzanne Kabrite ◽

Christelle Bou-Mitri ◽

Jessy El Hayek Fares ◽

Hussein F. Hassan ◽

Jocelyne Matar Boumosleh

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Mean Value ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Antibiotic Residues ◽

Mean Values

Background and Aim: The safety and quality of dairy products are considered to be of significant importance to human health. Although antimicrobial drugs are essential for disease treatment in modern medicine, the use of these drugs can have undesired consequences for human and animal health. This study aimed to investigate the presence of tetracycline and penicillin residues in raw, pasteurized, and UHT cow's milk of different fat contents, as well as in the dairy products yogurt and labneh, a traditional Lebanese product. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 samples, 4 raw, 9 UHT, 9 pasteurized milk, 10 yogurt, and 12 labneh samples from common local brands available in the Lebanese market were collected from Keserwan regions in May 2016. Tetracycline and penicillin residues were determined using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The mean values for tetracycline and penicillin were all below the limit of detection (LOD) of the ELISA kit of a maximum standard concentration of 1.80 μg/kg and 4.00 μg/kg, respectively. All samples tested positive for antibiotic residues. The detection rate for tetracycline in milk (n=22) samples was 86.4% with a mean residues value of 1.16±0.70 μg/kg. The detection rate of tetracycline in labneh (n=12) and yogurt (n=10) samples was 50% for each with a mean value of 1.76±0.40 μg/kg and 0.63±0.12 μg/kg, respectively. As for penicillin residues, 90.9% of the milk (n=22) samples tested positive with a mean value of 0.52±0.25 μg/kg. The detection rate in labneh (n=12) and yogurt (n=10) samples was 0% for penicillin residues, where mean values were all below the LOD (<1.25 μg/kg) for these dairy products. None of the samples exceeded the maximum residue levels. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) for tetracycline and penicillin residues for all dairy products is 2.09 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day resulting in 0.007% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 1.83 ng/kg BW/day resulting in 0.006% of the ADI, respectively. Conclusion: All EDI values were below the ADI set for each antibiotic residue and do not exceed relevant toxicological reference values. However, concerns might still be present from consumption of other animal food products containing residues. Moreover, the long-term exposure to such residues is still unknown as a result of bioaccumulation; it is a challenging process to determine the actual dietary consumption of foods containing antibiotic residues; hence, the human health risk cannot be easily predicted.

Download Full-text

Influence of triclosan biocide on human health and environment and justification of the necessity to optimise regulatory measures for its use

Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects ◽

10.33273/2663-4570-2019-86-2-22-28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

G.M. Balan ◽

S.D. Kolesnyk ◽

P.G. Zhminko ◽

N.M. Bubalo ◽

V.A. Babych

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Endocrine Disruptor ◽

Animal Health ◽

Consumer Products ◽

The Body ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Metabolic Transformation ◽

Regulatory Measures ◽

Beauty Products

Objective is to summarise current literature data on the adverse effects of triclosan (TCS) biocide on human and animal health and potential risk for the development of endocrine-disruptor effects forjustification of the necessity to improve regulatory measures for its use in consumer products. Material and Methods. Analysis of literature data on the ways of influence of metabolic transformation in the body and toxicokinetics of TCS, its influence on human health and environment was performed. Targets and biomarkers of TCS exposure, its toxic properties and potential risk for the formation of endocrine-disruptor effects were described. Results. Necessity to optimise regulatory measures for the use of TCS in the personal hygienic means, general and curative beauty products, woven fabric for bedlinen and underwear, etc. has been justified. Key Words: triclosan biocide, toxic properties, endocrine-disruptor effects, regulatory measures.

Download Full-text

Isolation of newer probiotic microorganisms from unconventional sources

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i3.1724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 847-852

Author(s):

Manpreet Kaur ◽

Gaganpreet Kaur ◽

Amita Sharma

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Bile Salts ◽

Food Industry ◽

Low Ph ◽

Industrial Scale ◽

Good Adherence ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Probiotic Microbes ◽

Adherence Ability

Probiotics are live microbes in the form of dried or fermented cells that are highly beneficial for human health. The food industry has been revolutionised due to introduction of potential probiotic organisms in a varied formulations derived from mostly dairy products. Isolation of probiotic microbes from unexplored non-dairy sources is gaining attention these days. In the present study, six potential probiotic isolates from non-dairy sources were obtained that are also biocompatible with each other. Out of these, five isolates were gram positive rod shaped and one was gram negative rod shaped. These isolates were able to grow in presence of lysozyme, low pH and bile salts with good adherence ability. The market for probiotic microorganisms from unconventional products is accelerating to deal with lactose intolerant people. These probiotic attribute studies revealed their potential to be exploited at industrial scale.

Download Full-text

Direct Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) by PF-06409577 Inhibits Flavivirus Infection through Modification of Host Cell Lipid Metabolism

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00360-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nereida Jiménez de Oya ◽

Ana-Belén Blázquez ◽

Josefina Casas ◽

Juan-Carlos Saiz ◽

Miguel A. Martín-Acebes

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Host Cell ◽

Animal Health ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Antiviral Effect ◽

Denv Infection ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Severe Dengue ◽

Cell Lipid

ABSTRACT Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a group of RNA viruses that constitute global threats for human and animal health. Replication of these pathogens is strictly dependent on cellular lipid metabolism. We have evaluated the effect of the pharmacological activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of lipid metabolism, on the infection of three medically relevant flaviviruses, namely, West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). WNV is responsible for recurrent outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis, affecting humans and horses worldwide. ZIKV has caused a recent pandemic associated with birth defects (microcephaly), reproductive disorders, and severe neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome). DENV is the etiological agent of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease, which can induce a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. Our results showed, for the first time, that activation of AMPK using the specific small molecule activator PF-06409577 reduced WNV, ZIKV, and DENV infection. This antiviral effect was associated with an impairment of viral replication due to the modulation of host cell lipid metabolism exerted by the compound. These results support that the pharmacological activation of AMPK, which currently constitutes an important pharmacological target for human diseases, could also provide a feasible approach for broad-spectrum host-directed antiviral discovery.

Download Full-text

Nitrite in feed: From Animal health to human health

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.taap.2010.11.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 270 (3) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Andrew Cockburn ◽

Gianfranco Brambilla ◽

Maria-Luisa Fernández ◽

Davide Arcella ◽

Luisa R. Bordajandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Animal Health

Download Full-text

Scientific appraisal of the Irish grass-based milk production system as a sustainable source of premium quality milk and dairy products

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research ◽

10.1515/ijafr-2017-0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 120-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. O’Brien ◽

D. Hennessy

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Management Practices ◽

Animal Health ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Well Being ◽

Export Market ◽

Economic Implications ◽

The Future

AbstractThe Irish dairy industry is critically important to the economy and general well-being of a large section of the Irish population. Its quality, sustainability and maintenance are the key for a vibrant rural society in the future. Two important elements for the future of this industry include (a) the quality, marketing and sale of dairy products on the export market and (b) sustainability from the perspectives of people, planet and profit. This paper provides a short review of current scientific evidence in relation to a number of topics, each of which is important in maintaining and developing dairy product quality and the sustainability of the Irish dairy industry. The topics addressed in the paper are as follows: the parameters of milk composition; milk processing; hygiene quality and safety; farm management practices and the regulations that govern such practices; animal health and welfare; environmental impacts; economic implications for farm families and rural communities; and the overall future sustainability of the family-based dairy farm structure.

Download Full-text

Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals in Milk and Milk Products on Human Health; A Systematic Review

Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 350-355

Author(s):

Mohadeseh Pirhadi ◽

Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki ◽

Aliasghar Manouchehri ◽

Mahmoud Bahmani

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Human Health ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Milk Products ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Review Study ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Milk and dairy products are a major source of nutrition, especially for children, because they contain almost all of the nutrients. Consumption of milk and dairy products is high in developed countries and accounts for about 10%-20% of daily calories. Heavy metal poisoning is associated with a number of diseases, but if these heavy metals are found in milk, which is the main food of the vulnerable age group, the severity of the condition becomes even greater. For this review study, keywords such as “Heavy metals”, “Milk, milk products, Safety”, and “Toxicity” were used. The databases searched for in those articles were “Google Scholar”, “SID”, “Scapus”, “PubMed”, “Science Direct”, and “ISI” search engines. The degree of heavy metal toxicity depends on their chemical form of metals. Some forms of metals are rapidly excreted and do not have the opportunity to be absorbed and stored in body tissues, accordingly they are not very toxic, while some forms of metals are highly toxic and lethal. These forms are slowly excreted from metals and can be absorbed and accumulated in fish muscles and other organs. Heavy metals cause harmful effects such as carcinogenesis, malformations, damage to the nervous system, damage to the reproductive system and infertility in men, liver failure and cardiovascular disease, and so on. Therefore, The purpose of this review study, Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals in milk and milk products on Human Health.

Download Full-text