scholarly journals New insights into the correlation structure of DSM-IV depression symptoms in the general population v. subsamples of depressed individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Foster ◽  
M. Mohler-Kuo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Dsm Iv

Aims.Previous research failed to uncover a replicable dimensional structure underlying the symptoms of depression. We aimed to examine two neglected methodological issues in this research: (a) adjusting symptom correlations for overall depression severity; and (b) analysing general population samples v. subsamples of currently depressed individuals.Methods.Using population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal data from two nations (Switzerland, 5883 young men; USA, 2174 young men and 2244 young women) we assessed the dimensions of the nine DSM-IV depression symptoms in young adults. In each general-population sample and each subsample of currently depressed participants, we conducted a standardised process of three analytical steps, based on exploratory and confirmatory factor and bifactor analysis, to reveal any replicable dimensional structure underlying symptom correlations while controlling for overall depression severity.Results.We found no evidence of a replicable dimensional structure across samples when adjusting symptom correlations for overall depression severity. In the general-population samples, symptoms correlated strongly and a single dimension of depression severity was revealed. Among depressed participants, symptom correlations were surprisingly weak and no replicable dimensions were identified, regardless of severity-adjustment.Conclusions.First, caution is warranted when considering studies assessing dimensions of depression because general population-based studies and studies of depressed individuals generate different data that can lead to different conclusions. This problem likely generalises to other models based on the symptoms’ inter-relationships such as network models. Second, whereas the overall severity aligns individuals on a continuum of disorder intensity that allows non-affected individuals to be distinguished from affected individuals, the clinical evaluation and treatment of depressed individuals should focus directly on each individual's symptom profile.

Risk factors for silent and symptomatic atrial fibrillation in an elderly population screening programme:a report from the noninvasive monitoring for early detection of atrial fibrillation (NOMED-AF)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mitrega ◽  
B Sredniawa ◽  
J Stokwiszewski ◽  
A Sokal ◽  
J Boidol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background It is important to determine the risk factors that predispose elderly subjects from the general population for symptomatic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/AFl), but population-based data for silent AF (SAF) are limited. Aim To study risk factors for symptomatic AF and SAF in a general population screen for subjects age ≥65 where continuous monitoring was performed up to 30 days with a vest-based monitor. Methods The NOMED-AF study was a cross-sectional study based on a representative population sample (n=3014; mean age 77.5±7.9 years; F=1479). In 680 subjects AF/AFl (including 279 with SAF) was diagnosed. Independent risk factors for AF/AFl and SAF were determine on weighted data using multiple logistic regression. Results The independent risk factors for AF/AFl and SAF are summarised in the Table. There are nine independent risk factors for AF/AFl and eight for SAF. Revascularization and obesity were independently associated with patients with (symptomatic) AF/AFl, and CKD was associated with SAF. Other risk factors are common for AF/AFl and SAF. Conclusions AF/AFl and SAF have slightly different associated clinical risk factors in this representative population sample aged ≥65 years. This may facilitated targeted screening programmes for high risk subgroups, particularly for SAF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The research has received funding from the National Centre for Research and Development under grant agreement (STRATEGMED2/269343/18/NCBR/2016)

Predictors of Outcome for Orofacial Pain in the General Population: a Four-year Follow-up Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Macfarlane ◽  
A.S. Blinkhorn ◽  
R.M. Davies ◽  
J. Kincey ◽  
H.V. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Population Based Survey

Orofacial pain is often persistent, but it is not clear why it lasts in some patients but not in others. We aimed to describe the natural course of orofacial pain in a general population sample over a four-year period and to identify factors that would predict the persistence of pain. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in the United Kingdom, involving 2504 participants (participation rate 74%), of whom 646 (26%) reported orofacial pain. Overall, 424 (79% adjusted participation rate) of these individuals participated at the four-year follow-up, of whom 229 (54%) reported orofacial pain and 195 (46%) did not report such pain. Persistent orofacial pain was associated with females, older age, psychological distress, widespread body pain, and taking medication for orofacial pain at baseline. These findings may have implications for the identification and treatment of patients with orofacial pain.

scholarly journals Genetic variants on chromosome 19 (rs439401 and rs4420638) are associated with obesity and high blood pressure in the Algerian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-614
Author(s):  
H. Boulenouar ◽  
S. Mediene Benchekor ◽  
H. Ouhaibi Djellouli ◽  
S. Larjam Hetraf ◽  
L. Houti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
The City

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a combination of at least three primary metabolic abnormalities from among obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, once combined, they increase significantly the cardiovascular risk. The APOE gene is considered as a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, it has been linked to MetS or its traits in several populations. Our study aimed to analyze the association of three APOE gene polymorphisms with MetS risk and its components in a general population sample, and to highlight the potential influence of these polymorphisms on individual susceptibility to MetS. We performed this work using a population-based, cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 787 individuals (378 men and 409 women, aged between 30 and 64 years) recruited in the city of Oran, Algeria (the ISOR Study); the subjects were genotyped for four polymorphisms, rs7412, rs429358, rs4420638 and rs439401, located in the APOE gene, using the KASPar technology. rs439401 showed a significant association with hypertension (HBP). The T allele confers a high risk of hypertension with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95 % CI [1.12–1.9], p = 0.006). rs4420638 was significantly associated with obesity in the general population. The G allele provides protection against obesity, the resulting OR is 0.48 (95 % CI [0.29–0.81], p = 0.004). Although APOE variants were not associated with the risk of MetS, the APOE polymorphism alleles were associated with some of the metabolic parameters in Algerian subjects. The relation of APOE rs439401 alleles with a HBP is likely to be indicative of a state of stress of the population.

scholarly journals Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Udonwa ◽  
E. K. Uko ◽  
B. M. Ikpeme ◽  
I. A. Ibanga ◽  
B. O. Okon
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A population-based-cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the potential risk of exposure to premium motor spirit (PMS) fumes in Calabar, Nigeria, among Automobile Mechanics (AM), Petrol Station Attendants (PSA) and the general population. Structured questionnaire was administered on the randomly chosen subjects to elicit information on their exposure to PMS. Duration of exposure was taken as the length of work in their various occupations. Venous blood was taken for methaemoglobin (MetHb) and packed cells volume (PCV). Mean MetHb value was higher in AM (7.3%) and PSA (5.8%) than in the subjects from the general population (2.7%). PCV was lower in PSA (30.8%), than AM (33.3%) and the subjects from the general population (40.8%). MetHb level was directly proportional, and PCV inversely related, to the duration of exposure. The study suggested increased exposure to petrol fumes among AM, PSA, and MetHb as a useful biomarker in determining the level of exposure to benzene in petrol vapour.

scholarly journals Semen quality of 1559 young men from four cities in Japan: a cross-sectional population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e002222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Iwamoto ◽  
Shiari Nozawa ◽  
Makiko Naka Mieno ◽  
Katsunori Yamakawa ◽  
Katsuyuki Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study

Population-Based Validation of a German-Language Self-Administered Headache Questionnaire

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-S Yoon ◽  
M Obermann ◽  
G Fritsche ◽  
M Slomke ◽  
P Dommes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
German Language ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia ◽  
Screening Questionnaires ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
Type Headache

We validated a German-language self-administered headache questionnaire for migraine (M), tension-type headache (TTH) and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) in a general population sample of people with headache. Randomly selected subjects ( n = 240) diagnosed by the questionnaire as M ( n = 60), TTH ( n = 60), a combination of M and TTH (M+TTH, n = 60) and TAC ( n = 60) were invited for examination by headache specialists. One hundred and ninety-three subjects (80%) were studied. Sensitivity and specificity for M were 0.85 and 0.85, for TTH 0.6 and 0.88, for M+TTH 0.82 and 0.87, respectively. Cohen's κ was 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.50, 0.71). Of 45 patients with TAC according to the questionnaire, physicians diagnosed cluster headache in two patients only. We conclude: (i) the questionnaire can be used to diagnose M, TTH and M+TTH, but not TAC; (ii) screening questionnaires for epidemiological research should be validated in a general population sample but not in a tertiary headache clinic.

scholarly journals Restrictive spirometric pattern and true pulmonary restriction in a general population sample aged 50 - 64 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Torén ◽  
Linus Schiöler ◽  
Jonas Brisman ◽  
Andrei Malinovschi ◽  
Anna-Carin Olin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Total Lung Volume

Abstract Background There is low diagnostic accuracy of the proxy restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) to identify true pulmonary restriction. This knowledge is based on patients referred for spirometry and total lung volume determination by plethysmograpy, single breath nitrogen washout technique or gas dilution and selected controls. There is, however, a lack of data from general populations analyzing whether RSP is a valid proxy for true pulmonary restriction. We have validated RSP in relation to true pulmonary restriction in a general population where we have access to measurements of total lung capacity (TLC) and spirometry. Methods The data was from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS Pilot), a general population-based study, comprising 983 adults aged 50–64. All subjects answered a respiratory questionnaire. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained before and after bronchodilation. TLC and residual volume (RV) was recorded using a body plethysmograph. All lung function values are generally expressed as percent predicted (% predicted) or in relation to lower limits of normal (LLN). True pulmonary restriction was defined as TLC < LLN5 defined as a Z score < − 1.645, i e the fifth percentile. RSP was defined as FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and FVC < LLN after bronchodilation. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results The prevalence of true pulmonary restriction was 5.4%, and the prevalence of RSP was 3.4%. The sensitivity of RSP to identify true pulmonary restriction was 0.34 (0.20–0.46), the corresponding specificity was 0.98 (0.97–0.99), and the positive likelihood ratio was 21.1 (11.3–39.4) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.67 (0.55–0.81). Conclusions RSP has low accuracy for identifying true pulmonary restriction. The results support previous observations that RSP is useful for ruling out true pulmonary restriction.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infections among Healthcare Workers and Transmission within Households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Schwartz ◽  
Camille Achonu ◽  
Sarah A. Buchan ◽  
Kevin A. Brown ◽  
Brenda Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Bias

AbstractImportanceProtecting healthcare workers (HCWs) from COVID-19 is a priority to maintain a safe and functioning healthcare system. The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to family members is a source of stress for many.ObjectiveTo describe and compare HCW and non-HCW COVID-19 cases in Ontario, Canada, as well as the frequency of COVID-19 among HCWs’ household members.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing reportable disease data at Public Health Ontario which captures all COVID-19 cases in Ontario, Canada, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comparing demographic, exposure, and clinical variables between HCWs and non-HCWs with COVID-19 as of 14 May 2020. We calculated rates of infections over time and determined the frequency of within household transmissions using natural language processing based on residential address.Exposures and OutcomesWe contrasted age, gender, comorbidities, clinical presentation (including asymptomatic and presymptomatic), exposure histories including nosocomial transmission, and clinical outcomes between HCWs and non-HCWs with confirmed COVID-19.ResultsThere were 4,230 (17.5%) HCW COVID-19 cases in Ontario, of whom 20.2% were nurses, 2.3% were physicians, and the remaining 77.4% other specialties. HCWs were more likely to be between 30-60 years of age and female. HCWs were more likely to present asymptomatically (8.1% versus 7.0%, p=0.010) or with atypical symptoms (17.8% versus 10.5%, p<0.001). The mortality among HCWs was 0.2% compared to 10.5% of non-HCWs. HCWs commonly had exposures to a confirmed case or outbreak (74.1%), however only 3.1% were confirmed to be nosocomial. The rate of new infections was 5.5 times higher in HCWs than non-HCWs, but mirrored the epidemic curve. We identified 391 (9.8%) probable secondary household transmissions and 143 (3.6%) acquisitions. Children < 19 years comprised 14.6% of secondary cases compared to only 4.2% of the primary cases.Conclusions and RelevanceHCWs represent a disproportionate number of COVID-19 cases in Ontario but with low confirmed numbers of nosocomial transmission. The data support substantial testing bias and under-ascertainment of general population cases. Protecting HCWs through appropriate personal protective equipment and physical distancing from colleagues is paramount.Key PointsQuestionWhat are the differences between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers with COVID-19?FindingsIn this population-based cross-sectional study there were 4,230 healthcare workers comprising 17.5% of COVID-19 cases. Healthcare workers were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a rate 5.5 times higher than the general population with 0.8% of all healthcare workers, compared to 0.1% of non-healthcare workers.MeaningHigh healthcare worker COVID-19 burden highlights the importance of physical distancing from colleagues, appropriate personal protective equipment, as well as likely substantial testing bias and under-ascertainment of COVID-19 in the general population.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in OCD: Differential Impact of Obsessions, Compulsions, and Depression Comorbidity

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Masellis ◽  
Neil A Rector ◽  
Margaret A Richter
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective: An anxiety disorder severely affects the sufferer's quality of life (QOL), and this may be particularly true of those with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study examines the differential impact of obsessions, compulsions, and depression comorbidity on the QOL of individuals with OCD. Method: Forty-three individuals diagnosed with OCD according to DSM-IV criteria and experiencing clinically significant obsessions and compulsions completed measures of QOL, obsessive–compulsive symptom severity, and depression severity. Results: Obsession severity was found to significantly predict patient QOL, whereas the severity of compulsive rituals did not impact on QOL ratings. Comorbid depression severity was the single greatest predictor of poor QOL, accounting for 54% of the variance. Conclusions: Given the importance of these symptoms, treatments that directly target obsessions and secondary depression symptoms in OCD are warranted. However, replication of these findings in a prospective cohort study is required, because although the the current study's cross-sectional design allows for the examination of the associations among obsessions, depression, and QOL, it cannot establish their temporal framework (that is, causal relations).

The epidemiology of illicit and licit drug use in Greece: a nationwide general population survey

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Madianos ◽  
D Gefou-Madianou ◽  
CN Stefanis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional

SummaryA cross-sectional home survey on the epidemiology of drug use in Greece, with a nationwide general population sample of 4,291 respondents aged 12 to 64, was carried out. The weighted life prevalence of reported illicit drug use in the total sample was found to be 9% among males and 2.5% among females, with a ratio of 3.6: 1. Six and a half percent of males of all ages had used, at some time, licit psychotropic drugs without a doctor's order, while females presented much higher prevalence rates (14.9%). Young adults reported higher rates of both illicit and licit lifetime and past-year use, compared to the other age groups. Illicit drug use was less common, in females of all ages. Cannabis was the most common illicit drug used. Current as well as lifetime use of pain relievers without a doctor's prescription was found to be highest among all other licit substances. This holds true for all age groups and for both sexes. Tranquillizers were predominantly used by females of all ages. Certain sociodemographic variables, such as sex, educational level, marital status, place of residence and occupational status were found to be related to drug use in Greece.

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