Phenotypic characterization of the Nigerian Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata)

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Oguntunji ◽  
K.L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

SummaryPhenotypic description helps in assessing the physical attributes of species and is also an indicator of the relevance and importance attached to such attributes in their natural environments. This study was conducted to describe patterns and distribution of phenotypic diversity in Nigerian Muscovy ducks. One thousand and twenty (1 020) adult male and female Muscovy ducks reared extensively were randomly drawn from the Rain Forest, Derived Savanna and Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zones/ecotypes and were visually appraised and scored for plumage, skin, shank, feet/web, bill, bean and caruncle colours. Data on qualitative traits were analysed with descriptive statistics (percentages) while fixed effect model was used to investigate relationship between plumage and skin colours and body weight. Results revealed variations in qualitative traits; however, across ecotypes, the predominant plumage, skin, shank, feet, bill, bean and caruncle colours were mottled (45 percent), white (88 percent), yellow (50 percent), yellow (60 percent), black (58 percent), black (69 percent) and red (84 percent), respectively. Besides, significant (P < 0.05) association was observed between plumage and skin colours and body weight. The reported variations in phenotypic traits of Nigerian Muscovy ducks indicate diversity in their genome, absence of selection and the need for their selection and improvement.

scholarly journals Regression tree analysis for predicting body weight of Nigerian Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Oguntunji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
And Function

Morphometric parameters and their indices are central to the understanding of the type and function of livestock. The present study was conducted to predict body weight (BWT) of adult Nigerian Muscovy ducks from nine (9) morphometric parameters and seven (7) body indices and also to identify the most important predictor of BWT among them using regression tree analysis (RTA). The experimental birds comprised of 1,020 adult male and female Nigerian Muscovy ducks randomly sampled in Rain Forest (203), Guinea Savanna (298) and Derived Savanna (519) agro-ecological zones. Result of RTA revealed that compactness; body girth and massiveness were the most important independent variables in predicting BWT and were used in constructing RT. The combined effect of the three predictors was very high and explained 91.00% of the observed variation of the target variable (BWT). The optimal regression tree suggested that Muscovy ducks with compactness >5.765 would be fleshy and have highest BWT. The result of the present study could be exploited by animal breeders and breeding companies in selection and improvement of BWT of Muscovy ducks.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity and carcass quality of creole goats with genetic potential for resistance to infection caused by worm

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-857
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Neri ◽  
José Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento ◽  
Laylson da Silva Borges ◽  
Tatiana Saraiva Torres ◽  
Luciano Silva Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Abstract: The objective of this work was to phenotypically characterize creole goats of the Moxotó, Azul, Canindé, Repartida, Marota, and Graúna breeds, comparing them with the Boer, Anglo Nubian, and Alpine exotic breeds, to identify the genetic groups of greater potential for carcass quality and resistance to infection caused by worm. Data on morphometric measurements were obtained for the count of worm eggs in grams of feces (WEGF), Famacha score, carcass measurements, and body weight from 308 animals, in a farm in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Repartida goats showed the highest average for wither height (61.55 cm) and rump height (62.16 cm), and Moxotó goats had the greatest ear length (13.45 cm). The Moxotó breed showed the highest means for carcass and body weight. The lowest average for body weight was observed in Azul goats (24.35 kg), and the lowest WEGF was detected in Repartida goats (200 eggs per gram of feces). The average Famacha score was 2.77. Average linkage was the method that best summarized the information on the morphometric and carcass data. The use of morphometric and carcass measurements provides satisfactory results in the phenotypic characterization of the animals. The Brazilian creole goats, which are considered resistant to worm infection and show high-quality carcass traits, may be indicated for conservation and genetic breeding programs.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of 22 Accessions of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Kemi Adegboyegun ◽  
Fidelis Etuh Okpanachi ◽  
Kufre Ededet Akpanikot
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Qualitative Traits

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L] Millsp.) is a multipurpose legume crop that provides food fodder and wood for small scale farmers. However, it remains one of the underutilised crops with limited research done so far for the crop diversification and improvement. In this study, the phenotypic diversity of 22 accessions of pigeon pea was evaluated. The Seeds were collected from ICRISAT Niamey, Niger. The study was carried out at the biological garden and at the central research laboratory of the University of Lagos. Viability test was done on the collected seeds before planting in a polythene pot. The phenotypic traits measured include both the quantitative and qualitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among accessions for all quantitative traits, except the seed length, seed breadth, seed thickness and the number of germinated seeds per pot. For qualitative traits, seed colour pattern and primary seed colour were diverse, other qualitative traits measured in this study showed moderate level of variation. The results for cluster analysis for both qualitative and quantitative traits grouped the accessions into two major clusters. In all the dendrograms, accessions ISC 147, ISC 24, ISC 157 and ISC 185 were varied and showed good performance for morphological traits analysed as well. The result of the phenotypic diversity observed in this study can help in parental selection for subsequent plant breeding.

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of the indigenous chickens <i>(Gallus gallus)</i> in the northwest of Algeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dahloum ◽  
N. Moula ◽  
M. Halbouche ◽  
S. Mignon-Grasteau
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Shape Characters ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. This study was conducted to characterize local chickens in the northwest of Algeria based on some phenotypic traits and to look at prediction of body weight from morphometric measurements (linear body). The results indicated that the predominant comb colour was dark red (77.8 %), followed by light red (22.2 %). Tarsus colour was either white (40.9 %), grey (31 %), yellow (15.39 %), dark (8.05 %), or green (4.51 %). Most chickens (81.7 %) had orange eyes, while 10.37 and 7.92 % had yellow and dark-brown eyes, respectively. The dominant earlobe colour was white (73.96 %), followed by red (16.81 %). The remaining proportion included yellow and red-mottled yellow and black earlobes. Proportions of the adaptive genes were low. Incidences of Na, F, Pti, Cr, R, and P genes were 8.82, 0.45, 1.22, 5.54, 3.35, and 4.7 %, respectively. The calculated gene frequencies ranged from 0.002 to 0.045. Variations were also found in quantitative morphological traits. Sex-associated differences (P < 0.001) were observed in almost all the parameters evaluated with higher values recorded for males. Phenotypic correlations of body weight and biometric traits ranged from −0.13 to 0.88 and −0.15 to 0.97 for males and females, respectively. From the factor analysis with varimax rotation of the intercorrelated traits, three principal components which accounted for 71.6 and 73.2 % of the total variance were extracted in males and females, respectively. Orthogonal body shape characters derived from the factor analysis accounted for 84.3 and 94.2 % of the variation in body weight of males and females, respectively. Information obtained from this study could be useful in an appropriate management, breeding programmes for selection and utilization of Algerian chicken genetic resources.

scholarly journals Evaluation of diversity in Bulgarian pepper cultivars by agronomical traits and ISSR markers

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tsonev ◽  
Velichka Todorova ◽  
Stanislava Groseva ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Elena Todorovska
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Positive Direction

Information about the genetic variation among cultivars of vegetable crops is of vital importance for improvement of plant breeding programmes worldwide. The objectives of this study were to group 19 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars from the collection of Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgariainto clusters according to their distances as estimated by agronomic traits and 9 di-and tri -nucleotide inter simple sequence repeat polymorphism (ISSR) markers and to assess the relationships between them. The phenotypic characterization during 3 consecutive years revealed significant differences among Bulgarian cultivars for the studied 13 phenotypic traits. The biplot analysis of quantitative traits showed that the most strongly correlating traits with the first axis (55.6% of variance) were fruit width, fruit weight and pericarp thickness (in the negative direction of the axis), and plant height (PH) (in the positive direction). The most discriminative traits, considering the second axis (22.6% of variance) were fruit length (FL) and to a lesser extent the stem height (StH). The correspondence analysis of the qualitative traits showed that the intensity of the colour of the fruit (before and at maturity), fruit colourbefore maturity and fruit shape in longitudinal section were the most discriminative characteristics for the first two dimensions. The agronomic traits data and 7 dinucleotide ISSR primers were used to estimate the pairwise genetic distances. Higher mean phenotypic distance (0.414) in comparison to the genotypic ones (0.214) among the cultivars was observed, indicating higher phenotypic diversity among them. A highly signi?cant, positive correlation between the agronomic data and ISSR marker-based matrices (r=0.41, p=0.001)was detected. This indicates that ISSR distance tended to re?ect that of the agronomics ones. However, additional molecular studies and large collection of highly diverse genotypes are needed to reveal associations between the marker loci and specific QTLs. The research initiated is a base for more precise estimation of genetic distances between pepper genotypes from the available large collection of landraces, local and modern cultivars including large number of highly polymorphic markers.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pangenomic approach for highlighting unique genomic features with newly constructed complete genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewon Lim ◽  
Hong-Tae Park ◽  
Seyoung Ko ◽  
Hyun-Eui Park ◽  
Gyumin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Type Strains

AbstractMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a causative agent of Johne’s disease, which is a chronic granulomatous enteropathy in ruminants. Determining the genetic diversity of MAP is necessary to understand the epidemiology and biology of MAP, as well as establishing disease control strategies. In the present study, whole genome-based alignment and comparative analysis were performed using 40 publicly available MAP genomes, including newly sequenced Korean isolates. First, whole genome-based alignment was employed to identify new genomic structures in MAP genomes. Second, the genomic diversity of the MAP population was described by pangenome analysis. A phylogenetic tree based on the core genome and pangenome showed that the MAP was differentiated into two major types (C- and S-type), which was in keeping with the findings of previous studies. However, B-type strains were discriminated from C-type strains. Finally, functional analysis of the pangenome was performed using three virulence factor databases (i.e., PATRIC, VFDB, and Victors) to predict the phenotypic diversity of MAP in terms of pathogenicity. Based on the results of the pangenome analysis, we developed a real-time PCR technique to distinguish among S-, B- and C-type strains. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the phenotypic differences between MAP strains can be explained by their genetic polymorphisms. These results may help to elucidate the diversity of MAP, extending from genomic features to phenotypic traits.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Diversity Present in a Diverse Sesame Landrace Collection Based on Phenotypic Traits and EST-SSR Markers Coupled With an HRM Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Evangelia Stavridou ◽  
Georgios Lagiotis ◽  
Parthena Kalaitzidou ◽  
Ioannis Grigoriadis ◽  
Irini Bosmali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Hrm Analysis ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

A selection of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces of different eco-geographical origin and breeding history have been characterized using 28 qualitative morpho-physiological descriptors and seven expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers coupled with a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The most variable qualitative traits that could efficiently discriminate landraces, as revealed by the correlation analyses, were the plant growth type and position of the branches, leaf blade width, stem pubescence, flowering initiation, capsule traits and seed coat texture. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis based on a dissimilarity matrix highlighted three main groups among the sesame landraces. An EST-SSR marker analysis revealed an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.82, which indicated that the selected markers were highly polymorphic. A principal coordinate analysis and dendrogram reconstruction based on the molecular data classified the sesame genotypes into four major clades. Both the morpho-physiological and molecular analyses showed that landraces from the same geographical origin were not always grouped in the same cluster, forming heterotic groups; however, clustering patterns were observed for the Greek landraces. The selective breeding of such traits could be employed to unlock the bottleneck of local phenotypic diversity and create new cultivars with desirable traits.

Weedy Rice Diversity in Southern Brazil

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Leonard Bonilla Piveta ◽  
José Alberto Noldin ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Lariza Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Flowering Synchrony

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most troublesome weeds affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in many countries. Weedy rice control is difficult in rice fields because the weed and crop are phenotypically and morphologically similar. Weedy rice can be a source of genetic diversity to cultivated rice. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphological diversity of weedy rice in Southern Brazil. Qualitative and quantitative traits of 249 accessions from eight rice growing mesoregions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states were analyzed. For each accession, 24 morphological descriptors (14 qualitative and 10 quantitative) were evaluated. All the 249 accessions from RS and SC are of indica lineage. Considering all the phenotypic traits evaluated, the accessions separated into 14 distinct groups. One of the largest groups consisted of plants that were predominantly tall and with green leaves, intermediate shattering, and variable in flowering time. Distinct subgroups exist within larger clusters, showing discernable phenotypic diversity within the main clusters. The variability in flowering time was high (77 to 110 d after emergence), indicating high potential for flowering synchrony with rice cultivars and, consequently, gene flow. This indicates the need to remove escapes when planting herbicide-resistant rice. Thus, weedy rice populations in Southern Brazil are highly diverse and this diversity could result in variable response to weed management.

scholarly journals PSVII-1 A preliminary phenotypic characterization of Raramuri Criollo cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 307-307
Author(s):  
Matthew McIntosh ◽  
Alfredo Gonzalez ◽  
Andres Cibils ◽  
Rick Estell ◽  
Shelemia Nyamuryekung’e ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Short Hair ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
High Set ◽  
Copper Canyon

Abstract Raramuri Criollo (RC) are one of 33 known biotypes of heritage Criollo cattle that exist throughout the Americas today. They have been raised by the Tarahumara peoples of the Copper Canyon in Chihuahua, Mexico, for over 400 years and exhibit remarkable rusticity and adaptation to harsh grazing environments. To date, no quantitative phenotypic description of this biotype exists. Our objective was to characterize RC cattle via 26 phenotype traits to provide a preliminary biotype standard. Twenty-eight multiparous RC cows, 4 primiparous heifers, and 4 bulls were selected from a purebred herd of approximately 200 animals at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range. These 36 animals were selected by a Criollo cattle expert based on body conformation correctness. SAS 9.4 was used to determine means, SEs or frequency of measured traits. Multiparous pregnant and cycling cows averaged 366.8 ± 9.8 kg live body weight, 121.8 ± 0.9 cm withers height, horn widths of 60.3 ± 1.6 cm, horn diameters of 5.7 ± 0.1 cm, chest girths of 183.6 ± 12.0 cm, hip widths of 44.5 ± 0.5 cm, flank girths of 52.2 ± 0.9 cm, body length of 90.0 ± 1.7 cm, neck lengths of 52.0 ± 0.9 cm, and tail lengths of 83.3 ± 1.4 cm. Bulls consistently averaged higher values for all traits and weighed 618.2 ± 9.8 kg with scrotal circumferences of 36.8 ± 0.7 cm. RC cattle exhibited mostly convex nose bridges (89%), open-back horns (49%), black muzzles, hooves, and eyes (62, 69, and 81%, respectively), small ears (78%), oblique eyes (70%), high-set tail heads (86%), short hooves (95%), and short hair (78%). Our preliminary characterization of RC phenotypes will be useful in selecting RC individuals for genotypic evaluation to eventually maintain a distinct purebred registry of this Criollo biotype.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Recent Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Danies ◽  
I. M. Small ◽  
K. Myers ◽  
R. Childers ◽  
W. E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduction, the populations of P. infestans in the United States are primarily reproducing asexually and, thus, show a simple genetic structure. The emergence of new clonal lineages of P. infestans (US-22, US-23, and US-24) responsible for the late blight epidemics in the northeastern region of the United States in the summers of 2009 and 2010 stimulated an investigation into phenotypic traits associated with these genotypes. Mating type, differences in sensitivity to mefenoxam, differences in pathogenicity on potato and tomato, and differences in rate of germination were studied for clonal lineages US-8, US-22, US-23, and US-24. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected. Lineages US-22, US-23, and US-24 were generally sensitive to mefenoxam while US-8 was resistant. US-8 and US-24 were primarily pathogenic on potato while US-22 and US-23 were pathogenic on both potato and tomato. Indirect germination was favored at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) whereas direct germination, though uncommon, was favored at higher temperatures (20 and 25°C). Sporangia of US-24 released zoospores more rapidly than did sporangia of US-22 and US-23. The association of characteristic phenotypic traits with genotype enables the prediction of phenotypic traits from rapid genotypic analyses for improved disease management.

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