The Origin of Dinosaurs and the Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Kevin Padian
Keyword(s):  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Relevant Paper ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Account ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Times

What are dinosaurs? What features characterize them? Who were their closest relatives? What were the times like when the dinosaurs first evolved? How did their appearance change the balance of diversity in terrestrial ecosystems? During the past decade we have come to know much more about these topics than ever before. What follows is only a brief review. For more extensive information, readers are referred to the chapters in Padian (1986a), particularly the Introduction, on questions of the Late Triassic - Early Jurassic transition; and to Gauthier (1984, 1986) on the characteristics of dinosaurs and their relations. Because this is meant to be a general account, like the other papers in this book, it is impossible to cite every worker, discovery, or relevant paper in the field, and some personal judgments must be exercised.

scholarly journals Past as the Other – The Other as Past

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Staša Babić
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
The Times ◽  
Modern Identity ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Written Sources

Modern academic disciplines of anthropology, history and archaeology are founded in the cultural, social, political context of the 18th and 19th centuries, at the times of the colonial expansion of the West European countries. Although demarcated by the objects of their study ("primitive societies", the past according to written sources, or material evidence), all these disciplines are grounded in the need to distinguish and strengthen the modern identity of the Europeans as opposed to the Others in space and time.

scholarly journals TRADISI IJTIHAD: MENGEMBALIKAN SEMANGAT PROGRESIVITAS ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah. Fawaid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
The Times

<p>The tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> became a rare activity conducted. This tradition on the other hand seems to be the authority of the religious elite and another hand, yet the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> which should be further developed. It became the spirit of Islamic progressivity. Without this tradition, Islam seems to be frozen and stutter for the challenges of the times. It must be realized that the current challenge may be resolved not merely refer to the creativity of the past. Contemporary challenges must be faced and solved by the present creativity as well. Creativity is a time only in the context of time resolve the problem and not always just as drawn to the matter at different times. Any period has a different way and solution in accordance with the challenges of his time. Similarly, each community has a different solution when faced with problems, even at the same time and same problem. This is where the interpretation of reality gave birth to the diversity of interpretation of a role as well as the diversity of truth. And moving the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> is one of the efforts to mobilize Islam.</p>

A Survey of Mammalian Origins

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Farish A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Substantial Modification ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals

The origin of mammals, often treated as a discrete but obscure event that took place sometime between the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, can also be viewed as the product of many transitions - from the early synapsid radiations during the Pennsylvanian and Early Permian through the emergence of placentals and marsupials in the Cretaceous (see Hopson, 1969). A fundamental dichotomy appeared early in the evolution of amniotes; sauropsids (represented today by living reptiles and birds) constituted one lineage, synapsids (which includes the mammal-like reptiles- pelycosaurs and therapsids- and their mammalian descendants) the other. Thus, mammalian ancestry may be traced to pelycosaurs that first appear in the fossil record as part of the earliest known reptilian fauna (Carroll, 1982). And mammalian bony and dental structures continued to undergo substantial modification throughout the Mesozoic, long after the appearance of forms technically classified as Mammalia. Given these phylogenetic changes, the suggestion that there occurred a point when mammals “originated” seems simplistic. Yet the major evolutionary stages may still be evaluated with the purpose of identifying the inception of features and functions basic to the radiation of modern mammals. Accordingly, this survey summarizes our current understanding of the evolution of mammals with full acknowledgment that an account of mammalian origins has neither a definitive beginning nor a climactic end.

scholarly journals THE LEGEND OF VLADIMIR AND COSARA IN RAZGOVOR UGODNI NARODA SLOVINSKOGA AND IN ITS LATIN TRANSLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Radoslav TSONEV
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Affinity ◽  
The Times

is article investigates the legend of Duklian prince Ioan Vladimir and Theodora Kosara – the daughter of Bulgarian king Samuil in the book Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskoga by the Dalmatian writer Andrija Kačić Miošić, as well as in the Latin translation of the book, made by Emerik Pavić. The historical situation on the Balkans during the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries provoked the growing native writers’ interest towards the past. Many South Slavic authors searched for examples of heroism and greatness of the Slavsin written documents and oral legends. They strived to emphasize the linguistic and cultural affinity between them and included common characters, folklore and legendary motifsin their literary works. The real historical facts and the heroic myths about the might and the unification of the Slavic ethnos in “Pisma od kralja Vladimira” and in the other parts of “Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskoga” inspired the southern Slavicpeoples and gave them hope that they might be free and powerful again as they had been formerly. The extensive translation in Latin popularized the Bulgarian history and folklore, not only among Slavic, but also among other European nations. The legend of Duklian prince Ioan Vladimir and the Bulgarian princess Theodora Kosara went beyond the times it was created, described and printed.

Sources of contemporary volunteering in Poland. Influence of the voluntary work experiences of the past eras on the condition of today’s volunteering

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Brenk
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
International Volunteering ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Times

The article describes the main sources of contemporary volunteering, i.e. the historical and social context of changes in the perception of voluntary work in the past hundred years. The year 1918 was established as the starting point, i.e. the beginning of the creation of a system of social assistance (welfare) in Poland within the resurgence of the state, the volunteers of which (then called volunteers) were a significant and distinctive element. Moreover, at the same time (1920) the foundations of modern international volunteering were laid, the father of which is commonly referred to as the Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole. Subsequent turning points are marked by the times of the People’s Republic of Poland (1944–1989), when all social activities acquired an unequivocally ideological meaning and undertaking such work was associated with expressing support for the ruling system and its political authorities. On the other hand, the times of the Third Polish Republic that began with social changes in 1989, brought the necessity to create the structures of Polish volunteering almost from the very beginnings.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Legal Istinbath Method of LBM Mudi Mesra Samalanga

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2287-2297
Author(s):  
Yasir Nasution ◽  
Pagar Pagar ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Times

Istinbath of law which is able to abstract the thoughts of previous scholars and place them according to portions and proposals. On the other hand, various fatwa institutions have also emerged, but the results are very irrelevant and not adaptive to the environment, the ilhaq al-masail bi nadhairiha method was born as one of the methods of legal istinbath carried out by LBM MUDI Mesjid Raya Samalanga. The ilhaq al-masail bi nadhairiha method is not just the result of the thoughts of the LBM board and expert council, but this method is reconstructed from a solid foundation. The basic argumentation of applying istinbath with the ilhaq al-masail bi nadhairiha method is also caused by the opening of the door to interrupt some of the arguments and evidence which are used as a legal basis in the past. The opening of the door can be seen from the existence of several rules which have very universal meanings and are able to adapt according to the development of the times.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Applications of Through-Focus Dark Field Image Shifts to Phase Identification

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Recent Extension

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.

‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Music Tradition

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

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