Influence of Core Affect in the Differential Efficacy of a Personality Disorder Intervention Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Ramos ◽  
Juan M. Sendra ◽  
Aintzane Sánchez ◽  
Ana Mena
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Affective Style ◽  
Core Affect ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe usual emotional experience of the person (affective style) is an influential factor in therapeutic assimilation. Based on a dynamic model of affect shaped dimensionally by the valence and arousal axes (core affect) that fluctuate over time according to the specific context of the individual, its relationship with different variables was investigated and the changes after a 6-month intervention in a specialized hospital unit (N = 103) were observed. The orthogonal structure of core-affect was confirmed. Emotional valence appeared to be positively related to social skills (r = .375; p < .01) and self-esteem (r = .491; p < .01) and negatively to depressive symptoms (r = –.631; p < .01), general disturbance (r = –.395; p < .01) and suicidality (r = –.490; p < .01). Emotional arousal is associated with impulsivity (r = .345; p < .01). The group of patients with an affective style characterized by negative valence and low arousal core-affect gained less therapeutic benefit compared to those with positive valence core-affect (p < .05). Throughout the treatment, valence became more positive (d = .26; IC 95%: 1.9 – 7.2; p = .001), arousal increased (d = .23; IC 95%: 0.2 – 1.7; p = .015) and variability decreased (d = –.44; IC 95%: (–2.9) – (–1.1); p = .001). Changes in the core-affect are related to therapeutic improvement. Adjusting expectations of change can reduce therapeutic frustration, which is as common as it is harmful in the treatment of severe personality disorders.

scholarly journals Topography of emotional valence and arousal within the motor part of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Serranová ◽  
Tomáš Sieger ◽  
Filip Růžička ◽  
Eduard Bakštein ◽  
Petr Dušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Motor Effects

AbstractClinical motor and non-motor effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) seem to depend on the stimulation site within the STN. We analysed the effects of the position of the stimulation electrode within the motor STN on subjective emotional experience, expressed as emotional valence and arousal ratings to pictures representing primary rewards and aversive fearful stimuli in 20 PD patients. Patients’ ratings from both aversive and erotic stimuli matched the mean ratings from a group of 20 control subjects at similar position within the STN. Patients with electrodes located more posteriorly reported both valence and arousal ratings from both the rewarding and aversive pictures as more extreme. Moreover, posterior electrode positions were associated with a higher occurrence of depression at a long-term follow-up. This brain–behavior relationship suggests a complex emotion topography in the motor part of the STN. Both valence and arousal representations overlapped and were uniformly arranged anterior-posteriorly in a gradient-like manner, suggesting a specific spatial organization needed for the coding of the motivational salience of the stimuli. This finding is relevant for our understanding of neuropsychiatric side effects in STN DBS and potentially for optimal electrode placement.

scholarly journals Dissociable Effects of Executive Load on Perceived Exertion and Emotional Valence during Submaximal Cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Francisco Alarcón ◽  
José C. Perales ◽  
F. Javier López-Román ◽  
Antonio J. Luque-Rubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Back Task

Endurance physical exercise is accompanied by subjective perceptions of exertion (reported perceived exertion, RPE), emotional valence, and arousal. These constructs have been hypothesized to serve as the basis for the exerciser to make decisions regarding when to stop, how to regulate pace, and whether or not to exercise again. In dual physical-cognitive tasks, the mental (executive) workload generated by the cognitive task has been shown to influence these perceptions, in ways that could also influence exercise-related decisions. In the present work, we intend to replicate and extend previous findings that manipulating the amount of executive load imposed by a mental task, performed concomitantly with a submaximal cycling session, influenced emotional states but not perceived exertion. Participants (experienced triathletes) were asked to perform a submaximal cycling task in two conditions with different executive demands (a two-back version of the n-back task vs. oddball) but equated in external physical load. Results showed that the higher executive load condition elicited more arousal and less positive valence than the lower load condition. However, both conditions did not differ in RPE. This experimental dissociation suggests that perceived exertion and its emotional correlates are not interchangeable, which opens the possibility that they could play different roles in exercise-related decision-making.

scholarly journals Light makeup decreases receivers’ negative emotional experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Chen ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Yuxiao Ou ◽  
Erjia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractMakeup is widely used in modern society and has a positive effect on perceived attractiveness. However, little is known about the other possible outcomes of makeup use. In this study, we investigated whether makeup enhances a receiver’s emotional experience. Dynamic faces with or without makeup are presented in Experiments 1 and 2. Participants were asked to imagine themselves video chatting with a target person (expresser) with different expressions: neutral, angry, sad, or happy, and then to appraise their own subjective emotional experience. Emotional valence, arousal, and willingness to communicate were also assessed in Experiment 2. The results showed that makeup improved perceived facial attractiveness and increased the willingness to communicate. More importantly, it revealed that wearing makeup could weaken receivers’ negative experiences arising from the angry and sad conditions, which is not the case for the non-makeup condition, but could not affect the happy contagion. Furthermore, incremental changes in the amount of makeup were not accompanied by incremental changes in emotional appraisal (valence and arousal). Overall, we found that makeup may affect emotional contagion and interpersonal communication. Whether the alleviated negative experience due to makeup is adaptive may need further discussion.

scholarly journals Light Makeup Decreases Receivers’ Negative Emotional Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Chen ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Yuxiao Ou ◽  
Erjia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Makeup is widely used in modern society and has a positive effect on perceived attractiveness. However, little is known about the other possible outcomes of makeup use. In this study, we investigated whether makeup enhances a receiver’s emotional experience. Dynamic faces with or without makeup are presented in Experiments 1 and 2. Participants were asked to imagine themselves video chatting with a target person (expresser) with different expressions: neutral, angry, sad, or happy, and then to appraise their own subjective emotional experience. Emotional valence, arousal, and willingness to communicate were also assessed in Experiment 2. The results showed that makeup improved perceived facial attractiveness and increased the willingness to communicate. More importantly, it revealed that wearing makeup could weaken receivers’ negative experiences arising from the angry and sad conditions, which is not the case for the non-makeup condition, but could not affect the happy contagion. Furthermore, incremental changes in the amount of makeup were not accompanied by incremental changes in emotional appraisal (valence and arousal). Overall, we found that makeup may affect emotional contagion and interpersonal communication. Whether the alleviated negative experience due to makeup is adaptive may need further discussion.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Sentences Are More Emotionally Engaging than Their Literal Counterparts

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2585-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca M. M. Citron ◽  
Adele E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
Perceptual Representations ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
The Individual

Why do people so often use metaphorical expressions when literal paraphrases are readily available? This study focuses on a comparison of metaphorical statements involving the source domain of taste (e.g., “She looked at him sweetly”) and their literal paraphrases (e.g., “She looked at him kindly”). Metaphorical and literal sentences differed only in one word and were normed for length, familiarity, imageability, emotional valence, and arousal. Our findings indicate that conventional metaphorical expressions are more emotionally evocative than literal expressions, as the amygdala and the anterior portion of the hippocampus were more active in the metaphorical sentences. They also support the idea that even conventional metaphors can be grounded in sensorimotor and perceptual representations in that primary and secondary gustatory areas (lateral OFC, frontal operculum, anterior insula) were more active as well. A comparison of the individual words that distinguished the metaphorical and literal sentences revealed greater activation in the lateral OFC and the frontal operculum for the taste-related words, supporting the claim that these areas are relevant to taste.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Positive Valence in Ratings of Affective Sounds by Tinnitus Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 233121651881621
Author(s):  
Annett Szibor ◽  
Jarmo Lehtimäki ◽  
Jukka Ylikoski ◽  
Antti A. Aarnisalo ◽  
Antti Mäkitie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Normative Ratings

Affective processing appears to be altered in tinnitus, and the condition is to a large extent characterized by the emotional reaction to the phantom sound. Psychophysiological models of tinnitus and supporting brain imaging studies have suggested a role for the limbic system in the emergence and maintenance of tinnitus. It is not clear whether the tinnitus-related changes in these systems are specific for tinnitus only, or whether they affect emotional processing more generally. In this study, we aimed to quantify possible deviations in affective processing in tinnitus patients by behavioral and physiological measures. Tinnitus patients rated the valence and arousal of sounds from the International Affective Digitized Sounds database. Sounds were chosen based on the normative valence ratings, that is, negative, neutral, or positive. The individual autonomic response was measured simultaneously with pupillometry. We found that the subjective ratings of the sounds by tinnitus patients differed significantly from the normative ratings. The difference was most pronounced for positive sounds, where sounds were rated lower on both valence and arousal scales. Negative and neutral sounds were rated differently only for arousal. Pupil measurements paralleled the behavioral results, showing a dampened response to positive sounds. Taken together, our findings suggest that affective processing is altered in tinnitus patients. The results are in line with earlier studies in depressed patients, which have provided evidence in favor of the so-called positive attenuation hypothesis of depression. Thus, the current results highlight the close link between tinnitus and depression.

Indices and Correlates of Positive Emotion in Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Sunny J. Dutra ◽  
Marianne Reddan ◽  
John R. Purcell ◽  
Hillary C. Devlin ◽  
Keith M. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Behavioral Coding ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clinical Populations

This chapter not only draws from previous authoritative measurement overviews in the general field of emotion, but also advances these resources in several key ways. First, it provides a specific focus on positive valence systems, which have not yet received specific methodological attention. Second, the field of positive emotion (PE) has expanded in recent years with new and innovative methods, making an updated review of methodological tools timely. Third, the chapter incorporates discussion of PE disturbance in clinical populations and the methods best suited to capture PE dysfunctions. This chapter also outlines some tools that can allow researchers to capture a broad array of PE quantified by self-report, behavioral coding, and biological correlates as seen through changes in the central and peripheral nervous system (i.e., brain and body). After reviewing PE measurement methods and correlates, this chapter includes several methods for studying PE beyond the individual level (i.e., interpersonal) and traditional laboratory settings (i.e., ambulatory or experience sampling). It provides key examples of their applications to study PE in clinical populations while acknowledging several of their basic advantages and disadvantages.

Sharing One's Story: On the Benefits of Writing or Talking About Emotional Experience

2009 ◽  
pp. 620-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate G. Niederhoffer ◽  
James W. Pennebaker
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Writing Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

Over two decades of research devoted to the writing paradigm has resulted in substantial findings that translating emotional events into words leads to profound social, psychological, and neural changes. How and why would constructing stories about important personal events be so beneficial? The chapter describes the writing paradigm used in this research, offering an overview of the research findings and examination of its historical antecedents. While the precise mechanisms through which a narrative heals are still unrealized, we review three underlying processes that might explain its power: emotional inhibition, cognitive processes, and linguistic processes that echo changes in social orientation. Most recently, advances in computerized text analysis, in addition to the rapid development of the Internet, have afforded a new lens on the psychological transformations achieved through the writing paradigm. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is one such computerized text analysis program that captures style and content words. Originally created to better understand the language of emotional upheaval and recovery, with a focus on content and emotional valence, more recent research has focused on subtle stylistic differences in function words such as pronouns, articles, and prepositions. These “junk words” have proven to be reliable markers of demographics, biological activity, depression, life stressors, deception, and status. The chapter briefly reviews recent LIWC-based research regarding the often-overlooked stylistic components of sharing one's story.

scholarly journals Effects of emotional valence and arousal on the voice perception network

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E. G. Bestelmeyer ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz ◽  
Pascal Belin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
The Voice

scholarly journals Putting the Horse Before the Cart: the Ethical Case for Animal Patient Values in EBVM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mills
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
Patient Values ◽  
The Individual

<p>Patient values represents one of the three cornerstones of contemporary human EBM definitions, and are considered vital to both protect the patient from the tyranny of unsuitable treatment and to ensure the individual is central in clinical decisions. They comprise “unique preferences, concerns and expectations of each patient” (Sackett et al 1996). By stark contrast, EBVM replaces individual patient values with “circumstances of each patient, and the circumstances and values of the owner/carer” (CEVM 2015). There is a danger that in such a conception, animal welfare may not be prioritised in EBVM practice.</p><p>Animal patients are not philosophically or scientifically likely to possess the complex values of humans, but it is conceivable that they possess ‘values’ in the context of veterinary interventions, such as preferences, wants, needs and desires; indeed these underlie much animal welfare science. They may be basic, such as the avoidance of suffering and a desire to continue life, or more complex, such as a desire to maximise pleasure or natural behaviour. They are likely to be individual and dynamic. They may be defined as the unique dynamic mental preference state of an animal during the period of veterinary medical or surgical intervention, including avoidance of suffering and maximisation of health and pleasure.</p><p>EBVM’s current consideration of patient values only extends to demonstrating effectiveness, or not, of an intervention for an animal. Any intervention involves some physical or mental welfare compromise for animal patients, which may be severe; EBVM aims to ensure this harm 'cost' is consistently outweighed by therapeutic 'benefit'. However, in current EBVM the evidence is often weak, incomplete, contradictory, fuzzy, non-existent or inapplicable, meaning there is a significant risk of causing harm to the patient’s welfare when practising EBVM. This stands in opposition to a veterinary surgeon’s oath and ethical imperative to do no harm, and to do the best for her patients’ welfare (RCVS 2015).</p><p>At what point does the risk become ethically unacceptable? The answer comprises both philosophical considerations, and empirical, critically anthropomorphic attributions of values to animals. Such conceptions and techniques are not currently explicitly expounded in EBVM research or practice. Rather than being marginalised or excluded from definitions of EBVM, this presentation will argue that patient values should be the central, primary and overriding consideration in both its practice and research if EBVM is to be an ethically acceptable pursuit.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" />

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