scholarly journals The Validity of the Enns and Koch, and Berry et al. Measures of State Policy Mood: Continuing the Debate

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
William D. Berry ◽  
Richard C. Fording ◽  
Russell L. Hanson ◽  
Justin K. Crofoot
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Enns and Koch question the validity of the Berry, Ringquist, Fording, and Hanson measure of state policy mood and defend the validity of the Enns and Koch measure on two grounds. First, they claim policy mood has become more conservative in the South over time; we present empirical evidence to the contrary: policy mood became more liberal in the South between 1980 and 2010. Second, Enns and Koch argue that an indicator’s lack of face validity in cross-sectional comparisons is irrelevant when judging the measure’s suitability in the most common form of pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis. We show their argument is logically flawed, except under highly improbable circumstances. We also demonstrate, by replicating several published studies, that statistical results about the effect of state policy mood can vary dramatically depending on which of the two mood measures is used, making clear that a researcher’s measurement choice can be highly consequential.

Monetary, Fiscal, and Structural Drivers of Inflation in Ethiopia: New Empirical Evidence from Time Series Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léonce Ndikumana ◽  
Janvier D. Nkurunziza ◽  
Miguel Eduardo Sanchez Martin ◽  
Samuel Mulugeta ◽  
Zerihun Getachew Kelbore
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Structural Drivers

scholarly journals Association of flavoured cigar regulations with wholesale tobacco volumes in Canada: an interrupted time series analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O Chaiton ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Gabrielle Tremblay ◽  
Robert Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionThis study examines the association of Federal Canadian regulations passed in 2009 addressing flavours (excluding menthol) in small cigars with changes in cigar sales.MethodsQuarterly wholesale unit data as reported to Health Canada from 2001 through 2016 were analysed using interrupted time series analysis. Changes in sales of cigars with and without flavour descriptors were estimated. Analyses were seasonally adjusted. Changes in the flavour types were assessed over time.ResultsThe Federal flavour regulations were associated with a reduction in the sales of flavoured cigars by 59 million units (95% CI −86.0 to −32.4). Increases in sales of cigars with descriptors other than flavours (eg, colour or other ambiguous terms) were observed (9.6 million increase (95% CI −1.3 to 20.5), but the overall level (decline of 49.6 million units (95% CI −73.5 to −25.8) and trend of sales of cigars (6.9 million units per quarter (95% CI −8.1 to −5.7)) declined following the ban. Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no substantial difference in effect over time comparing Ontario and British Columbia, suggesting that other provincial tobacco control legislation was not associated with the changes in levels. Analyses suggested that the level change was sensitive to the specification of the date.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that flavour regulations have the potential to substantially impact tobacco sales. However, exemptions for certain flavours and product types may have reduced the effectiveness of the ban, indicating the need for comprehensive, well-designed regulations.

Time Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Jean-Frédéric Morin ◽  
Christian Olsson ◽  
Ece Özlem Atikcan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Level Of Analysis ◽  
Patterns Of Recurrence ◽  
Over Time

This chapter focuses on time series analysis, a statistical method of longitudinal analysis which is suitable if researchers are interested in the temporality of social phenomena and want to analyse social change and patterns of recurrence over time. In contrast to other statistical methods of longitudinal analysis, time series analysis can be applied even if researchers have only a few cases (maybe even only one) and only a few (maybe even only one) variables. Time series can be built for any level of analysis, as cases can be persons, but are usually organizations or countries. In order to build a time series, the variables need to have been measured several times over a given period, and for each measurement one needs to know the measurement date. There are different goals when doing time series analysis, which can be used in descriptive, explanatory, and interpretive approaches.

Time-Series Analysis of Suicidal and Undetermined Deaths

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1242-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fair Proportion ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Over Time

The suicide rate and the death rate for undetermined causes were negatively associated over time from 1968 to 1990 in the USA, suggesting that these undetermined deaths may include a fair proportion of suicides. In contrast, there was no association between suicide and undetermined death rates over the states in 1980.

scholarly journals LO90: Epidemiologic trends in substance and opioid misuse in Alberta: a cross-sectional, time-series analysis

CJEM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
J. Moe ◽  
C. Camargo ◽  
S. E. Jelinski ◽  
S. Erdelyi ◽  
J. Brubacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Ed Visits

Introduction: Substance and opioid misuse are growing public health concerns in Canada. Substance use disorders affect 21.6% of Canadians and accounted for $267 million in healthcare costs in 2011. Opioid misuse is a current public health crisis. The extent of the rise in substance and opioid misuse-related Emergency Department (ED) visits in Canada and the demographic groups in which the rise is concentrated have not been elaborated. Alberta has one of the most complete provincial ED visit records and provides an important understanding of national trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in substance and opioid misuse-related ED visits in Alberta from 2010/11 to 2014/5 within demographic cross-sections of the population using administrative ED visit data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS). Methods: All visits made by adult patients (18 years old) to any of more than 100 Albertan EDs for a substance misuse-related presentation between 2010/11 and 2014/15 were analyzed. Visits were classified as being related to substance or opioid misuse if the primary and/or secondary visit diagnoses were among an a priori determined group of ICD-10 codes. Annual substance misuse-related visits were compared as visits per 100,000 adult population in Alberta to standardize for population growth. Linear regression was used to assess whether ED visits increased significantly over time. A cross-sectional time-series analysis was employed to examine trends within subgroups defined by sex and age categories (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60 years) over a 60-month period. Results: 149,719 substance misuse-related visits were made by 65,089 patients and 8768 opioid misuse-related visits were made by 5763 patients. From 2010/11 to 2014/15, substance misuse-related ED visits in Alberta increased by 38% from 811 to 1119 visits per 100,000 population. Opioid misuse-related ED visits increased significantly (64%) from 44 to 72 per 100,000 population. Conversely, total ED visits per 100,000 population did not increase significantly. Substance and opioid misuse-related visits rose more in non-rural than rural areas. Cross-sectional time-series analysis showed that the greatest increase in substance and opioid misuse-related ED visits occurred in males and in the 18-29 year age category, in which visit increases for opioid misuse appeared exponential. Conclusion: Substance and opioid misuse-related ED visits increased significantly from 2010/11 to 2014/15 in Alberta, with the most dramatic increases occurring in young patients and males. These findings have important implications for targeting urgent preventative public health interventions to stem the rise of this epidemic.

Time Series Analysis in Pooled Cross-Sections

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Spectral Representations

This article proposes the use of spectral methods to pool cross-sectional replications (N) of time series data (T) for time series analysis. Spectral representations readily suggest a weighting scheme to pool the data. The asymptotically desirable properties of the resulting estimators seem to translate satisfactorily into samples as small as T = 25 with N = 5. Simulation results, Monte Carlo results, and an empirical example help confirm this finding. The article concludes that there are many empirical situations where spectral methods canbe used where they were previously eschewed.

scholarly journals Global Utilization Trends of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Time Series Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shakeri ◽  
Natalia Konstantelos ◽  
Cherry Chu ◽  
Tony Antoniou ◽  
Jordan Feld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Hcv Prevalence ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
The Impact

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a significant strain on hepatitis programs and interventions (screening, diagnosis, and treatment) at a critical moment in the context of hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. We sought to quantify changes in Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) utilization among different countries during the pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional time series analysis between 1 September 2018 and 31 August 2020, using the IQVIA MIDAS database, which contains DAA purchase data for 54 countries. We examined the percent change in DAA units dispensed (e.g., pills and capsules) from March to August 2019 to the same period of time in 2020 across the 54 countries. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to examine the impact of COVID-19 on monthly rates of DAA utilization across each of the major developed economies (G7 nations). Overall, 46 of 54 (85%) jurisdictions experienced a decline in DAA utilization during the pandemic, with an average of −43% (range: −1% in Finland to −93% in Brazil). All high HCV prevalence (HCV prevalence > 2%) countries in the database experienced a decline in utilization, average −49% (range: −17% in Kazakhstan to −90% in Egypt). Across the G7 nations, we also observed a decreased trend in DAA utilization during the early months of the pandemic, with significant declines (p < 0.01) for Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The global response to COVID-19 led to a large decrease in DAA utilization globally. Deliberate efforts to counteract the impact of COVID-19 on treatment delivery are needed to support the goal of HCV elimination.

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