What Is an Enlightenment Film?Cinema and the Rhetoric of Social Hygiene in Interwar Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Killen
Keyword(s):  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
The One ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Sexual Enlightenment

This paper examines the discursive production of risk and its management in the German “enlightenment film” of the interwar period. From the sexual enlightenment films of the immediate postwar era to the Nazi-era sterilization films, public health campaigns mobilized new ideas about hygiene and the new resources of the mass media. Depicting a world composed of discrete risks (venereal disease, hereditary illness), on the one hand, and supplying information on how to manage such risks, on the other, public officials and experts invested considerable resources in this project of public education. Yet insofar as this project addressed controversial aspects of human behavior, and often proposed controversial solutions, this campaign of state-sponsored enlightenment remained an ambivalent one. Particularly in campaigns against venereal disease, leading advocates were frequently drawn into debates both about film's value as medium of mass instruction and the nature of the public they sought to address, a public perceived in fundamental ways as “at risk.” Their efforts routinely provoked charges that enlightenment films on sexual conduct could incite the very behaviors they strove to warn audiences against. By the end of the 1920s, the hopes placed in public enlightenment campaigns seemed to have waned. And yet the enlightenment film underwent a significant revival during the Nazi era. The paper concludes by examining the interconnections between the Nazis' reconceptualization of public enlightenment, risk, and strategies for managing it.

scholarly journals The public uptake of information about antibiotic resistance in the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel van Rijn ◽  
Manon Haverkate ◽  
Peter Achterberg ◽  
Aura Timen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

In this study, we test to what extent an educational video on the intricacies of antibiotic resistance affects public attitudes towards antibiotic resistance and how such information is absorbed by the most likely targets of public health campaigns. We use a representative sample of 2037 individuals (from 2016) to test how people respond to a video educating them about antibiotic resistance. Our results show that receiving information does increase the general awareness of antibiotic resistance among our respondents. Yet, these effects are most profound for those who are the most likely targets of such information: the least knowledgeable group and those who have a more apathetic worldview. Our results are in line with suggestions made by the knowledge deficit model and show that the influence of cultural predispositions on the uptake of information about antibiotic resistance should not be ignored in future campaigns.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of young people

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Dimovski ◽  
J Gajic ◽  
B Vukajlovic ◽  
M Jevtic ◽  
A Komlenic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background One of the World Health Organizations (WHO) global nutrition goals by 2025 is to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of infants under six months to at least 50%, which can be achieved only through educating future parents on the importance of breastfeeding. The goal of this research was to establish the current effects of the public health campaigns in raising awareness on breastfeeding by analyzing the opinions of young people towards maternal milk. Methods The study was conducted as a prospective study for six months in 2018. and in 2019. 281 people participated (158 female, 123 male) of whom 127 psychology students.The participants had no children, and were aged between 18 and 26.. The survey consisted of socio-demographic questions and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) with 17 questions. Data processing included methods of descriptive and inferential statistics using the MedCalc program. Values of p < 0,05 were considered statistically significant. Results More than one out of two female and almost two out of five male participants recognized milk as a diet optimal for their infant (53% female, 38% male). Over twice as many participants considered maternal milk to be extremely positive in comparison to baby formulas as positive. Only 12% of respondents acknowledged that infants had beneficial effects from breastfeeding throughout their lives. Since only 12.8% of infants in Serbia are exclusively breastfed (according to the available data), the public health authorities need to take more drastic measures in order to complete the WHO set goal by 2025. Key messages Current public health campaigns aren’t showing sufficient effects. Both sexes need to be included in education process about the importance of breastfeeding.

Accountability Practices and Their Importance for the Management of Public Sector Entities

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ribeiro da Silva Rib Couto ◽  
Augusta da Conceição Santos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Accountability Practices ◽  
The Way

New public management reflects a paradigm and orientation shift regarding the cornerstone of management in the public sector. With this new type of management, emphasis was given to accountability in order to, on the one hand, instill the need to render accounts when talking about the way decisions are taken (responsibility) and the way public resources are used (clarity) and, on the other hand, the citizens having the possibility of getting information which will allow them to make the public officials responsible. Considering the importance of accountability, this chapter was an attempt to carry out a bibliographic review, as a way of getting to know the different approaches to the concept, as well as getting to know the mechanisms that have been created in order to give explanations whether for the performance or accomplishment of a responsibility and if this is inherent to the responsibilities of the public officials.

scholarly journals Communicating the health risks of wildfire smoke exposure: Health literacy considerations of public health campaigns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Effective communication about the health effects of wildfire smoke is important to protect the public, especially the consumers most vulnerable to the effects of wildfire smoke exposure: those with chronic respiratory conditions, children, and older adults. The objective of this paper is to examine the clarity and accessibility of visual materials intended to educate consumers about the health effects of wildfire. The CDC Clear Communications Index (CCI) is used to evaluate whether materials adhere to the main principles of health literacy: clarity and accessibility. In addition, gaps in the materials are identified and the accuracy of the information presented is assessed in light of current medical literature. Our finding is that most materials focus on communicating specific behavioral recommendations for protecting the health of the consumers, particularly to avoid exposure to air polluted by wildfire smoke by staying indoors, reducing activity levels, and using air purifiers or approved dust masks

scholarly journals Prevention of the spread of infection – the need for a family-centred approach to hygiene promotion

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bloomfield ◽  
M Exner ◽  
G M Fara ◽  
E A Scott
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Pandemic Flu ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Infectious diseases circulating in the home and community are a continuing and significant burden on the health and prosperity of the European community. They could, however, be significantly reduced by better standards of hygiene. Across Europe, public health is currently structured such that the separate aspects of hygiene in different settings (food hygiene, personal hygiene, handwashing, pandemic flu preparedness, patient empowerment etc.) are dealt with by separate agencies. If efforts to promote hygiene at community level are to be successful in changing behaviour, we need a concerted family-centred approach to ensure that a basic understanding of infectious disease agents and their mechanisms of spread, together with an understanding of a risk-based approach to hygiene, are promoted as part of the school curriculum and as part of public health campaigns. Alongside this, we also need unambiguous communication with the public on issues such as the hygiene hypothesis and environmental issues.

scholarly journals Digital Media’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.2196/20156 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e20156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyu Bao ◽  
Bolin Cao ◽  
Yuan Xiong ◽  
Weiming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Medical Burden

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has had a significant impact on global health, the economy, and society as a whole. Various measures are being taken to respond to the pandemic, with digital media playing a pivotal role, especially in the use of visual data to disseminate information, mobile health to coordinate medical resources, social media to promote public health campaigns, and digital tools to assist population management and disease tracing. However, digital media also faces some challenges like misinformation, lack of guidance, and information leakage. We encourage the increased use of digital media with a focus on improving trust, building social solidarity, reducing chaos, educating the public on prevention measures, and reducing the medical burden in facility-based sites.

The Importance of Accountability Practices in the Public Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 2493-2506
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ribeiro da Silva Couto ◽  
Augusta da Conceição Santos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Accountability Practices ◽  
The Way

The New Public Management reflects a paradigm and orientation shift regarding the cornerstone of management in the public sector. With this new type of management emphasis was given to accountability in order to, on the one hand instill the need to render accounts when talking about the way decisions are taken (responsibility) and the way public resources are used (clarity) and on the other hand the citizens having the possibility of getting information which will allow them to make the public officials responsible. Considering the importance of accountability, this chapter was an attempt to carry out a bibliographic review, as a way of getting to know the different approaches to the concept, as well as getting to know the mechanisms that have been created in order to give explanations whether for the performance or accomplishment of a responsibility and if this is inherent to the responsibilities of the public officials.

The Importance of Accountability Practices in the Public Sector

2016 ◽  
pp. 188-201
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ribeiro da Silva Couto ◽  
Augusta da Conceição Santos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Accountability Practices ◽  
The Way

The New Public Management reflects a paradigm and orientation shift regarding the cornerstone of management in the public sector. With this new type of management emphasis was given to accountability in order to, on the one hand instill the need to render accounts when talking about the way decisions are taken (responsibility) and the way public resources are used (clarity) and on the other hand the citizens having the possibility of getting information which will allow them to make the public officials responsible. Considering the importance of accountability, this chapter was an attempt to carry out a bibliographic review, as a way of getting to know the different approaches to the concept, as well as getting to know the mechanisms that have been created in order to give explanations whether for the performance or accomplishment of a responsibility and if this is inherent to the responsibilities of the public officials.

Gutter oil: an overview of Chinese food safety issues and policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Naixue Cui ◽  
Jianghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
The Media ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

Food safety has become a focus of attention worldwide. In China, one of the top concerns in food safety is gutter oil, known as ‘swill-cooked oil’. This Commentary summarizes the key incidents disclosed to the public by the media, and the policies regarding gutter oil at national, regional, and provincial or city levels. Several challenges the country still faces in tackling this issue are identified, including a lack of evaluation of the implementation and effect of the policies, a lack of effective technology to detect and recycle gutter oil, and the overlooking of the hazardous effect of gutter oil on health. This commentary suggests that strengthening policy implementation and evaluation, improving measurement and recycling technologies, and launching public health campaigns would help eliminate gutter oil from dining tables.

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