Lead Phosphate Particles in Tap Water: Challenges for Point-of-Use Filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Weiyi Pan ◽  
Elizabeth R. Johnson ◽  
Daniel E. Giammar
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Lead Phosphate ◽  
Point Of Use

scholarly journals Infection control by point-of-use water filtration in an intensive care unit – a Hungarian case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Barna ◽  
Katalin Antmann ◽  
Judit Pászti ◽  
Renáta Bánfi ◽  
Mihály Kádár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Waterborne Infection ◽  
Cost Efficient

Hospital tap water is a potential source of pathogenic bacteria associated with nosocomial infections. Infection control should include preventive measures to reduce the risk of waterborne infection. The efficiency of point-of-use water filters in infection control was assessed in the intensive care unit of a Hungarian hospital with long history of nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa cases. All taps in the unit were fitted with disposable point-of-use filters. The incidence of nosocomial P. aeruginosa infections decreased from 2.71 to 0 cases/100 patient days when the filters were in place. Legionnaires' disease was not observed either during or outside the study period. Before the application of the filters, both P. aeruginosa and Legionella sp. were shown to colonize five of the seven taps. Filtration eliminated both bacteria completely, though secondary contamination was observed. Total genome restriction profiling of environmental and clinical P. aeruginosa isolates have shown the ubiquitous presence of a single genotype. The same genotype was detected in five of the seven previous nosocomial cases, which supports the assumption of water-derived infection. The results demonstrate that point-of-use filters are effective and cost-efficient measures in reducing health-care associated infections.

scholarly journals Use of a Disposable Water Filter for Prevention of False-Positive Results due to Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria in a Clinical Laboratory Performing Routine Acid-Fast Staining for Tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6296-6298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Zin Tu ◽  
Chiao-Shan Chen ◽  
Tsi-Shu Huang ◽  
Wen-Kuei Huang ◽  
Yao-shen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Laboratory Water

ABSTRACT A point-of-use 0.2-μm filter was evaluated for elimination of nontuberculosis mycobacteria in laboratory water to reduce false-positive acid-fast bacillus staining results. Use of the point-of-use filter can significantly reduce the false-positive rate to 1.2% compared to samples treated with tap water (10.7%) and deionized water (8.7%).

scholarly journals Effect of Filter Types on Physicochemical Properties, Volatile Compounds, and Sensory Evaluations of Purified Water by Point-of-Use Water Treatment

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Mi-Ran Kim ◽  
JeongAe Heo ◽  
Sang Sook Kim ◽  
Eui-Cheol Shin ◽  
Chang Guk Boo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consumer Testing ◽  
Carbon Filter

This study investigated purified water from four different filter types for removing minerals, anions, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and affecting sensory perception and consumer acceptability. Ultrafiltration (UF), CSM-ultrafiltration (CU), alumina nanofiber (AN), and reverse osmosis (RO) filters were used for a point-of-use water treatment system with a pre-carbon filter (PR) and post-carbon filter (PO). Filters efficiently removed VOCs, which could negatively affect the sensory perception of water. The total VOC concentration of tap water (TW) (14.97 µg/Kg) was reduced by 70% by the PR, 75.3–88.7% by the PR-main filter, and >97% by the PR-RO-PR. Using the polarized sensory position test, the subjects clearly discriminated TW from the samples; however, most of the purified water was not. The difference in the mean ratings of consumer acceptability among the purified samples was <1 except for PR-RO-PO in consumer testing. These results suggested that although there are differences in the capability of different filter types to eliminate minerals, anions, and VOCs, overall consumers did not identify sensory differences among them, and demonstrated similar consumer acceptability of the purified water produced. Simply applying a pre-carbon filter for TW treatment is enough to minimize VOCs, which negatively influence consumer acceptability.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of two low cost point-of-use water treatment systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Siwila ◽  
Isobel C Brink
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Made In

Abstract The study examined two low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems developed in respect of bacterial and particulate removal when exposed to surface water for three months. Bacterial removal efficiency was estimated using E. coli and fecal coliforms, while particulate reduction efficiency was estimated by determining turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). The systems investigated were the Gift of Water System (GWS) made in USA and the Drip Filter System (DFS) Model-JW-PD-1-70 made in South Africa. The study included seasonal water quality changes. Both systems recorded 100% bacterial removal throughout the study. Although results show that DFS was slightly better in terms of particulate reduction, both systems removed large proportions of particles from the water. On average TSS removals were 89% and 95%, while turbidity removals were 87% and 94%, by GWS and DFS respectively. The treated water from the two systems compared well with good quality tap water supplied to Stellenbosch University. The results show that both systems can treat the poor quality water used to meet the SANS 241 and WHO guidelines with respect to bacterial and suspended solids content.

Evaluation of approaches for consumers to eliminate chlorine off-flavors from drinking water at point-of-use

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichao Qian ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xing-Fang Li ◽  
Steve E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Off Flavors

Chlorine off-flavors of tap water have caused dissatisfaction and distrust from some consumers, placing pressure on operators concerning water disinfection. Evaluating practical approaches for eliminating chlorinous off-flavors by consumers at point-of-use while avoiding production of toxic byproducts is a practical concern. Three recognized dechlorination methods: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ascorbic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), were evaluated for chlorinated and chloraminated waters. AA is the most efficient for removing free chlorine and chloramine from water samples. Three new chlorine-containing compounds were detected and identified from the reaction between AA and chlorine. High doses of UV irradiation at 254 nm virtually eliminated chlorine. HP could effectively remove free chlorine but was not effective for chloramine elimination. AA shows promise as a practical household dechlorination agent. However, to assure consumers about drinking water safety, further investigation is needed to evaluate any potential toxicity concerns for reaction products in treated water.

Point-of-use water filters can effectively remove disinfection by-products and toxicity from chlorinated and chloraminated tap water

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stalter ◽  
Elissa O'Malley ◽  
Urs von Gunten ◽  
Beate I. Escher
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Organic Halogens ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
By Products ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halogens

Tap water filters were evaluated for their efficacy to abate fluoride, bacteria, adsorbable organic halogens (sum parameter of halogenated DBPs), and mixtures of bioactive DBPs quantified by cell-based bioassays.

Water quality analyses between tap water and treated water by point-of-use water dispenser systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Keun-Young Park ◽  
Ji-Won Park ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Yeong Na ◽  
Sung-Kyu Maeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Point Of Use
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