scholarly journals Study of the Cost Reductions Achievable from the Novel SARC CO2 Capture Concept Using a Validated Reactor Model

Author(s):  
Chaitanya Dhoke ◽  
Schalk Cloete ◽  
Shahriar Amini ◽  
Abdelghafour Zaabout
2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (4I) ◽  
pp. 359-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Evenson

Pakistan achieved high levels of Green Revolution Modern Variety (GRMV) adoption in the Green Revolution. Pakistan out-performed India and Bangladesh in the Green Revolution. Only China, among major countries, out-performed Pakistan in the Green Revolution. Pakistan does not have the food safety and environmental risk studies in place to support a regulatory environment for biotechnology. In effect, Pakistan is following the “precautionary principle” and applying it to science policy. This paper argues that this is a mistake. Pakistan is paying a “double penalty” for its inability to develop the regulatory systems required to take advantage of genetically modified (GM) crops. Not only does it lose the cost reductions enabled by GM crops, but because other countries have adopted GM crops, world prices are lower as a result and affect Pakistan’s export crops.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1695
Author(s):  
Foziyah Zakir ◽  
Kanchan Kohli ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad ◽  
Zeenat Iqbal ◽  
Adil Ahmad

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that remains unnoticed until a fracture occurs. It is more predominant in the older age population, particularly in females due to reduced estrogen levels and ultimately limited calcium absorption. The cost burden of treating osteoporotic fractures is too high, therefore, primary focus should be treatment at an early stage. Most of the marketed drugs are available as oral delivery dosage forms. The complications, as well as patient non-compliance, limit the use of oral therapy for prolonged drug delivery. Transdermal delivery systems seem to be a promising approach for the delivery of anti-osteoporotic active moieties. One of the confronting barriers is the passage of drugs through the SC layers followed by penetration to deeper dermal layers. The review focuses on how anti-osteoporotic drugs can be molded through different approaches so that they can be exploited for the skin to systemic delivery. Insights into the various challenges in transdermal delivery and how the novel delivery system can be used to overcome these have also been detailed.


Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3798
Author(s):  
Meng Sun ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yanhua Guo ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuecheng Dong ◽  
...  

In order to reduce the cost of titanium alloys, a novel low-cost Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe (Ti-35421) titanium alloy was developed. The influence of heat treatment on the microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the new alloy was investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Ti-35421 alloy consists of a lamina primary α phase and a β phase after the solution treatment at the α + β region. After aging treatment, the secondary α phase precipitates in the β matrix. The precipitation of the secondary α phase is closely related to heat treatment parameters—the volume fraction and size of the secondary α phase increase when increasing the solution temperature or aging time. At the same solution temperature and aging time, the secondary α phase became coarser, and the fraction decreased with increasing aging temperature. When Ti-35421 alloy was solution-treated at the α + β region for 1 h with aging surpassing 8 h, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and reduction of the area were achieved in a range of 1172.7–1459.0 MPa, 1135.1–1355.5 MPa, 5.2–11.8%, and 7.5–32.5%, respectively. The novel low-cost Ti-35421 alloy maintains mechanical properties and reduces the cost of materials compared with Ti-3Al-5Mo-5V-4Cr-2Zr (Ti-B19) alloy.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8010
Author(s):  
Ismail Butun ◽  
Yusuf Tuncel ◽  
Kasim Oztoprak

This paper investigates and proposes a solution for Protocol Independent Switch Architecture (PISA) to process application layer data, enabling the inspection of application content. PISA is a novel approach in networking where the switch does not run any embedded binary code but rather an interpreted code written in a domain-specific language. The main motivation behind this approach is that telecommunication operators do not want to be locked in by a vendor for any type of networking equipment, develop their own networking code in a hardware environment that is not governed by a single equipment manufacturer. This approach also eases the modeling of equipment in a simulation environment as all of the components of a hardware switch run the same compatible code in a software modeled switch. The novel techniques in this paper exploit the main functions of a programmable switch and combine the streaming data processor to create the desired effect from a telecommunication operator perspective to lower the costs and govern the network in a comprehensive manner. The results indicate that the proposed solution using PISA switches enables application visibility in an outstanding performance. This ability helps the operators to remove a fundamental gap between flexibility and scalability by making the best use of limited compute resources in application identification and the response to them. The experimental study indicates that, without any optimization, the proposed solution increases the performance of application identification systems 5.5 to 47.0 times. This study promises that DPI, NGFW (Next-Generation Firewall), and such application layer systems which have quite high costs per unit traffic volume and could not scale to a Tbps level, can be combined with PISA to overcome the cost and scalability issues.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer Ruigrok ◽  
Lisanne Jagt ◽  
Britt van der Vleut

<p>Wind turbines (WTs) have proven to be an increasingly cost-efficient source of sustainable energy. With further cost reductions and growth of environmental awareness, the amount and size of WTs will further expand. In the seismic literature, WTs have mainly been considered a threat rather than an opportunity. WTs act as infrasound and seismic sources, whose wavefield might overwhelm signal from earthquakes. Rather than focusing on the detrimental effects, we embrace the WT revolution and focus on the novel possibilities of the WT seismic source. We show detailed characteristics of this source using recordings over the Groningen seismic network. We further show examples of using the WT seismic noise for extracting medium parameters. Moreover, we exploit the repeatable nature of the source for subsurface monitoring.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-418
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lewis Robinson
Keyword(s):  
The Cost ◽  

Abstract J. M. Coetzee's Slow Man considers “care” in contemporary liberal-capitalist societies, including the ostensibly frivolous care of and care for literature. In contrast to grander affects and occupations, care often seems to be “just care,” as if it fails to live up to certain criteria of reality in much the same way that one says something is “just fiction.” If in its literary investigation of such serious issues as disability, aging, and immigration, Slow Man turns into a reflection on the ontology of fiction, this is not mere metafictional frivolity—for care shares the disparaged form of fiction. Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello writings, of which Slow Man appears to be the last, advocate in fiction an “ethics of care.” They are concerned with modes of attention that lack the categorical determinacy of the discourse of rights and of justice and are instead characterized by what I propose to call “justness.” In this light, the novel can be read as examining the skepticism and disappointment with which, on account of this justness, earnest pleas for an ethics of care, or apologies for fiction, are met. The advocacy of care, as of fiction, requires not only good will but also good humor, even if this comes at the cost of being taken seriously. Accordingly, Slow Man proves to be one of the most heavy-going but also lighthearted of Coetzee's novels. It is, after all, “just a joke.”


2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Jian Bing Huang ◽  
Duo Ning ◽  
Zhong Jun Xiao

According to the features of papermaking production line, a new kind domestic distributed control system MACS is developed here for the practice application. The methods of hardware component and software realization for the control system are proposed. Practices prove that the novel distributed control system for the paper-making production line can run automatically, safely and smoothly which can achieve high performance index, and it can sharply reduce the cost of construction and installation as well as the cost of maintenance.


2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Murthy ◽  
M. Higgins ◽  
Y.-C. Chen ◽  
C. Peot ◽  
W. Toffey

High-solids centrifugation can reduce the cost of managing or disposing of anaerobically digested biosolids. High-solids centrifuges can increase relative cake solids by as much as 5% DS compared with other dewatering devices, such as belt filter presses, with a resulting 15–20% reduction in overall mass of hauled biosolids. Cost reductions can be similar (15–20%) or more, depending on the type of disposal or management involved. For example, the additional removal of water from the cake increases the energy content in the biosolids, thereby facilitating incineration or heat drying processes. For land application, the benefits are more mixed. As explained in this paper, increases in biosolids odours associated with high-solids centrifuges may increase digestion requirements and may compel producers to transport biosolids to more remote, distant sites, potentially increasing transportation costs. High-solids centrifuges shear anaerobically digested biosolids. The shear results in a net increase in labile protein, an odour precursor. Additionally, high-solids centrifugation also results in the inhibition of methanogenesis, a major mechanism for degradation of organosulphur odours. Therefore, the risks and benefits should both be weighed when considering high-solids centrifuges for land application of anaerobically digested biosolids.


2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Durand ◽  
Arnaud Legrand ◽  
Mélodie Tort ◽  
Alice Thiney ◽  
Radika J. Michniewicz ◽  
...  

Alteration in anti-predatory behaviour following geographic isolation has been observed in a number of taxa. Such alteration was attributed to the effect of relaxed selection in the novel environment, reinforced by the cost of anti-predatory behaviours. We studied aspects of anti-snake behaviour in 987 adult and juvenile wall lizards Podarcis muralis from two mainland areas (heavy snake predatory pressure) and two islands (low snake predatory pressure), isolated from the mainland 5000 and 7000 years ago. We conducted a scented retreat site choice experiment using the odours of five different snake species (saurophagous, piscivorous or generalist feeder). Mainland lizards avoided shelters scented by saurophagous snakes, but not those scented by non saurophagous snake species. Long isolated lizards (7000 years ago) showed no anti-predator response to any snake, suggesting a total loss of anti-predatory behaviour towards saurophagous snakes. More recently isolated lizards (5000 years ago) however showed anti-snake behaviour towards a former sympatric adder species, and a tendency to avoid the scent of a sympatric generalist feeder snake. There was no difference in the anti-snake responses between adult and juvenile wall lizards from all four sites, suggesting a limited role for experience (behavioural plasticity) in the expression of anti-snake behaviour in wall lizards.


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