Chemical Cross-Linking Controls in Vitro Fecal Fermentation Rate of High-Amylose Maize Starches and Regulates Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

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Exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitor effects in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome models

10.1101/2020.03.31.015800 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabetta Di Fede ◽

Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽

Paolo Grazioli ◽

Camilla Ceccarani ◽

Chiara Parodi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Hdac Inhibitors ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽

Donor Cells ◽

Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTRubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with specific clinical signs and neurodevelopmental impairment. The two known proteins altered in the majority of RSTS patients are the histone acetylation regulators CBP and p300. For assessing possible ameliorative effects of exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), we exploited in vivo and in vitro RSTS models. First, HDACi effects were tested on Drosophila melanogaster, showing molecular rescue. In the same model, we observed a shift in gut microbiota composition. We then studied HDACi effects in RSTS cell lines compared to healthy donor cells. We observed patients-specific molecular rescue of acetylation defects at subtoxic concentrations. Finally, we assessed commensal gut microbiota composition in a cohort of RSTS patients compared to healthy siblings. Intriguingly, we observed a significant depletion in butyrate-producing bacteria in RSTS patients. In conclusion, this study reports the possibility of modulating acetylation equilibrium by HDACi treatments and the importance of microbiota composition in a chromatinopathy.

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