Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Vines of Momordica charantia and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities

Periodontitis is a periodontal disease involving the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone due to an inflammatory process. Virulence factors of periodontopathogens and inflammatory responses in periodontitis can stimulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. Charantoside c and Momordicosides g in bitter gourd prevent NF-κB activation stimulated by TNF-α in HepG2 cells. This study aims to determine the effect of bitter gourd fruit (Momordica charantia) ethanolic extract as an anti-inflammatory substance on the level of inflammatory infiltrates and the number of cells that experience NF-κB activation in the periodontitis model. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The mandibular incisors were ligated for 14 days to induce periodontitis. Each group was given Momordica charantia extract of 500 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW; ibuprofen 100 mg/kg BW; and aquades orally using oral gavage on the day 14. Rat necropsy was carried out on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after giving the substances. Taking out the lower jaw was done to make tissue preparations followed by staining them with hematoxylin eosin (HE). Immunohistochemicalanalysis was performed to observe cells that were positive for NF-κB activation. The results showed a decrease in the density of inflammatory infiltrates in all groups, except for those given aquades. The number of inflammatory cells ofneutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes that experienced NF-κB activation showed the most effective decrease in the group of Momordica charantia 500 mg/kg BW, on the 7th day. The conclusion of this study is that ethanolic extractof Momordica charantia has an anti-inflammatory effect and prevents the activation of NF-kB in rat gingival induced by periodontitis. The highest effect was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW on day 7 after giving of extracts.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crude Momordica charantia L. Extract on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis Model in Rat and the Bioaccessibility of its Carotenoid Content

Journal of Medicinal Food ◽

10.1089/jmf.2019.0124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 641-648

Author(s):

Nalan Gülşen Ünal ◽

Ayşegül Kozak ◽

Sibel Karakaya ◽

Nevin Oruç ◽

Burcu Barutçuoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Colitis Model ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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A gastro-resistant peptide from Momordica charantia improves diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice via its novel reno-protective and anti-inflammatory activities

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo02788c ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Pei-Yung Liao ◽

Hsin-Yi Lo ◽

I-Chen Liu ◽

Lun-Chien Lo ◽

Chien-Yun Hsiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Microvascular Complication ◽

Immune Disorder ◽

Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a principal diabetic microvascular complication, is a chronic inflammatory immune disorder. A gastro-resistant peptide mcIRBP-9 from Momordica charantia has shown the modulation of blood glucose homeostasis in...

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Cucurbitane-type compounds from Momordica charantia: Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and in silico modeling approaches

Bioorganic Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 31-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Siddanagouda R. Shivanagoudra ◽

Wilmer H. Perera ◽

Jose L. Perez ◽

Giridhar Athrey ◽

Yuxiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Modeling Approaches ◽

In Silico Modeling ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Crude Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Insights ◽

10.33140/tapi.03.01.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The search for new therapeutic remedies from natural sources is a continuous process. Momordica charantia under the family Cucurbitaceous is commonly known as tita korola in Bangladesh. Traditionally, it is used to treat many diseases, including diabetes and obesity, infections, cough, respiratory diseases, wounds and skin diseases, ulcer, gout and rheumatism, spasm, and cancer. This study aimed at the evalualtion of toxicity, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activity of M. charantia aqueous leaf extract by applying a number of in vitro and ex vivo test systems. For this, toxicity analysis was done in Allium cepa, while anti-inflammatory, and membrane stabilizing and clotlysis capacity were tested by using egg albumin and human erythrocytes, respectively. Additionally, preliminary phytochemical analysis was also done. The results suggest that the crude aqueous crude extract of M. charantia possesses alkaloid, flavonoid, terpinoid, saponins, glycoside, tannins, and reducing sugars. The crude extract exhibited toxicity in A. cepa in a concentration and time-dependent manner. No adaptation capacity of DNA damage was seen during the exposure time (24-72 h). The extract at 0.03 – 0.14% (v/v) significantly (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001) inhibited protein denaturation, membrane lysis and clot lysis capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. Of note, the extract exerted toxic effects at high concentrations, while protective effects against toxic and cytotoxic effects at low concentrations. M. charantia may be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic agents for various diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases and cancer

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The anti-inflammatory effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit extracts on interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v9i1.560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti ◽

Tetsuya Okuyama ◽

Tadayoshi Okumura ◽

Yukinobu Ikeya ◽

Mikio Nishizawa

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

No Production ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Inos Protein ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), grows in tropical to temperate regions in Asia, including Indonesia and Japan. Bitter melon contains triterpenoids, steroidal glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The green immature fruit of bitter melon is a popular vegetable in Indonesia and Japan and has been used as a traditional Indonesian medicine (Jamu) to treat microbial infections and diabetes mellitus. However, there are currently few reports about the pharmacological effects of the constituents of bitter melon.Objective: To compare the effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon, the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, was monitored.Methods: Immature fruits of bitter melons collected from Indonesia and Japan were lyophilized and extracted with methanol. The resultant extracts were fractionated by hydrophobicity into ethyl acetate-soluble (A), n-butanol-soluble (B), and water-soluble (C) fractions. Primary cultured hepatocytes prepared from rat liver were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and each extract or fraction. Nitrite in the medium was measured, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the medium was measured to monitor cytotoxicity. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected by western blot analysis. The mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon extracts (BMEs) suppressed NO production by IL-1β-treated hepatocytes without showing cytotoxicity. The IC50 values of the BMEs were 86 μg/mL (Indonesian) and 171 μg/mL (Japanese). Both BMEs suppressed iNOS protein expression. Fractions A and B of both BMEs suppressed NO production. The IC50 values of the Indonesian BME fractions A and B were comparable to those of Japanese BME. Fraction A of both BMEs decreased the levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, as well as those of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. Fraction C of both BMEs did not affect NO production.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (A) of Indonesian and Japanese BMEs exhibited a comparable ability to suppress the induction of the iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. These data suggest that hydrophobic constituents in fraction A, such as cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, may be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effects of bitter melon from Indonesia and Japan.Keywords: Momordica charantia, nitric oxide, inflammation, Jamu, Goya.

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