scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Crude Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The search for new therapeutic remedies from natural sources is a continuous process. Momordica charantia under the family Cucurbitaceous is commonly known as tita korola in Bangladesh. Traditionally, it is used to treat many diseases, including diabetes and obesity, infections, cough, respiratory diseases, wounds and skin diseases, ulcer, gout and rheumatism, spasm, and cancer. This study aimed at the evalualtion of toxicity, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activity of M. charantia aqueous leaf extract by applying a number of in vitro and ex vivo test systems. For this, toxicity analysis was done in Allium cepa, while anti-inflammatory, and membrane stabilizing and clotlysis capacity were tested by using egg albumin and human erythrocytes, respectively. Additionally, preliminary phytochemical analysis was also done. The results suggest that the crude aqueous crude extract of M. charantia possesses alkaloid, flavonoid, terpinoid, saponins, glycoside, tannins, and reducing sugars. The crude extract exhibited toxicity in A. cepa in a concentration and time-dependent manner. No adaptation capacity of DNA damage was seen during the exposure time (24-72 h). The extract at 0.03 – 0.14% (v/v) significantly (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001) inhibited protein denaturation, membrane lysis and clot lysis capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. Of note, the extract exerted toxic effects at high concentrations, while protective effects against toxic and cytotoxic effects at low concentrations. M. charantia may be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic agents for various diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases and cancer

Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Piliostigma thonningii Leaf Extracts from Benin

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (17) ◽  
pp. 1269-1277
Author(s):  
Peter Marquardt ◽  
Cica Vissiennon ◽  
Andreas Schubert ◽  
Claudia Birkemeyer ◽  
Virgile Ahyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe leaves of Piliostigma thonningii are used in traditional medicine in Benin to treat inflammatory skin diseases and infections. So far, pharmacological studies of the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of phytochemically characterized extracts of P. thonningii have been very limited. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of P. thonningii leaf extracts and analyzed the phytochemical composition of extracts of different polarities (water, 50% ethanol, and n-hexane). Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside was confirmed as the main flavonoid in the polar extracts. GC-MS analysis identified 20 constituents of the aqueous extract and 28 lipophilic compounds of the n-hexane extract by comparison with authentic standards and spectral library data. The aqueous P. thonningii leaf extract inhibited the IL-8 and IL-6 secretion in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 74 µg/mL for IL-8 and 89 µg/mL for IL-6. However, an inhibitory effect of the identified quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and its aglycone, quercetin, on the release of IL-8 and IL-6 could not be demonstrated. In the antimicrobial screening, inhibition zones for a 50% EtOH leaf extract of P. thonningii were found for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. For none of the microbial strains, however, the MIC was below 500 µg/mL, so that the antibacterial activity must be classified as low. As a result, our investigations primarily support the ethnomedical use of P. thonningii leaf extracts in topical inflammatory conditions. Further studies are required to identify the compounds responsible for the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects.

Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4162-4169
Author(s):  
Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽  
Manjul Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

In Vitro Attenuation of Thermal-Induced Protein Denaturation by Aerial Parts of Artemisia scoparia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Ali Khan ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad Tariq ◽  
Samreen Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Artemisia Scoparia

The goal of this study was to explore the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia (crude extract, total flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction) for protein denaturation potential. The crude extract provoked marked attenuation of thermal-induced denatured protein in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum inhibition of 54.05 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 449.66 μg/mL. When total flavonoid contents were studied, it illustrated most dominant activity concentration dependently with maximum amelioration of 62.16 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 378.35 μg/mL. The aqueous fraction also exhibited significant activity with maximum of 56.75% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 445.10 μg/mL. It can be concluded on the basis of the results that the crude extract, flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction of the plant possessed significant inhibition on thermal-induced denatured protein.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screenings and Pharmacological activities of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC.

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Md Abul Khair ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Qamrul Ahsan ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Ridwan Bin Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Blumea Lacera

The methanol extract of the whole plant of Blumea lacera (Burn.f.) DC. (BLME) has been subjected to preliminary screenings for phytoconstituents and antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antipyretic activity was assessed by the yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. The analgesic property was evaluated by formalin-induced writhing test. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as standard for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity test. In yeast-induced pyrexia, the crude extract demonstrated a significant (p=0.05) reduction in body temperature of mice after elevation by the administration of yeast. These effects were pronounced at the 2nd and 3rd h of post-treatment with the extract. BLME exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic activity with 39.13% and 56.52% protection at 200-and 400-mg/kg, b.w., respectively as compared to 76.09% revealed by the standard diclofenac sodium. In the anti-inflammatory test, the crude extract at 400 ?g/ml displayed 62.40% inhibition of protein denaturation whereas standard acetyl salicylic acid exhibited 76.74% inhibition. Results of the preliminary phytochemical screenings demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i1.21863 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(1): 69-73, 2014 (June)

scholarly journals Ex-vivo mucolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of BromAc in tracheal aspirates from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Grazziela A. Coelho dos Reis ◽  
Geovane Marques Ferreira ◽  
Alice Aparecida Lourenco ◽  
Agata Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Pacheco da Silveira Martins da Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect ◽  
Tracheal Aspirates

COVID-19 is a lethal disease caused by the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which continues to be a public health threat. COVID-19 is principally a respiratory disease and is often associated with sputum retention, for which there are limited therapeutic options. In this regard, we evaluated the use of BromAc, a combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (NAC). Both drugs present mucolytic effect and have been studied to treat COVID-19. Therefore, we sought to examine the mucolytic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc in tracheal aspirate samples from critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Method: Tracheal aspirate samples from COVID-19 patients were collected following next of kin consent and mucolysis, rheometry and cytokine storm analysis was performed. Results: BromAc displayed a robust mucolytic effect in a dose dependent manner. BromAc showed anti-inflammatory activity, reducing the action of cytokine storm, chemokines including MIP-1alpha, CXCL8, MIP-1b, MCP-1 and IP-10, and regulatory cytokines IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 IL-1RA and total reduction for IL-9 compared to NAC alone and control. BromAc acted on IL-6, demonstrating a reduction in G-CSF and VEGF-D at concentrations of 125 and 250ug. Conclusion: These results indicate robust mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc in tracheal aspirates from critically ill COVID-19 patients, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy to COVID-19.

scholarly journals HPTLC analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2077-2082
Author(s):  
Ananthi T ◽  
Ramya V
Keyword(s):  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. are generally used in Chinese folk medicine for treating fever, cough, mumps, sore throats, and mosquito bite. The current study was therefore carried out to provide vital pharmacological details about the leaf. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract from Plectranthus amboinicus. The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus were rinsed, air dried and then powdered using machine. The ethanol extract of the plant was used for phytochemical analysis to identify the constituents present in the plants. HPTLC analysis was carried out to investigate its secondary metabolite profile by using the solvent mixture. The anti-inflammatory effect was analysed by inhibition of protein denaturation assay. The hypotonicity induced haemolysis was observed from 100µg/ml to 500µg/ml of extract concentration. The results proved that the ethanolic leaf extract of P.amboinicus has antiinflammatory activity. The presence of flavonoid, quercetin in plant extract was confirmed by HPTLC analysis and these flavonoids may be responsible for the antiinflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to the development of potential drug that may be used for various pharmacological activities.

In vivo Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ursolic Acid and Oleanoic Acid from Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anita L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Vanessa A. Royo ◽  
Daniele S. Ferreira ◽  
Antonio E. Miller Crotti ◽  
Márcio L. Andrade e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Isomeric Mixture ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this work was to use in vivo models to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanoic acid (OA), the major compounds isolated as an isomeric mixture from the crude methylene chloride extract of Miconia albicans aerial parts, in an attempt to clarify if these compounds are responsible for the analgesic properties displayed by this plant. Ursolic acid inhibited abdominal constriction in a dose-dependent manner, and the result obtained at a content of 40 mg kg-1 was similar to that produced by administration of acetylsalicylic acid at a content of 100 mg kg-1. Both acids reduced the number of paw licks in the second phase of the formalin test, and both of them displayed a significant anti-inflammatory effect at a content of 40 mg kg-1. It is noteworthy that the administration of the isolated mixture, containing 65% ursolic acid/35% oleanolic acid, did not display significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. On the basis of the obtained results, considering that the mixture of UA and OA was poorly active, it is suggested that other compounds, rather than UA and OA, should be responsible for the evaluated activities in the crude extract, since the crude extract samples displayed good activities.

scholarly journals POTENT BIOACTIVE METABOLITES OF CASUARINA JUNGHUHNIANA MIQ. ROOTS–A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Chathurdevi G. ◽  
S. Umagowrie
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source

Objective: Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. is a multipurpose tree, belongs to the family Casuarinaceae. It has a symbiotic association with actinomycete Frankia which makes the tree to grow vigorously on varied environmental conditions. Not much work has been documented on secondary metabolites and therapeutic approach of this species in India. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the potential phytochemicals in the root extracts and its therapeutic values.Methods: Casuarina junghuhniana root samples were collected from the State Forest Research Institute, Kolappakam, Chennai. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening were carried out using standard procedures. Antibacterial assay was tested against different pathogens using well diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was carried out using reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging methods. The anti-inflammatory assay was tested using protein denaturation method. Further, the phytochemicals in the root extract were evaluated using GC-MS studies. The functional role of the phytoconstituent was confirmed by docking against the target using mcule software.Results: The qualitative screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents. The quantitative analysis revealed the presence of maximum phenols (68.95±0.46 mg/g), flavonoids (34.15±0.33 mg/g) and terpenoids (3.9%) in methanolic root extract with respective standards. Antibacterial activity showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (19±0.2 mm) followed by Staphylococcus sp (14±0.3 mm). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was compared with standard ascorbic acid and the extract showed activities in a dose-dependent manner. Several peaks were obtained in the GC-MS analysis which indicates the presence of different secondary metabolites. The specific phytocompound showed prominent binding affinity against the target enzyme in docking studies.Conclusion: The presence of potent phytochemicals in the Casuarina junghuhniana root with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could be used as a promising source for developing novel plant-based therapeutic agents. 

scholarly journals STUDY OF PARMELIA PERLATA FOR ITS POTENTIAL AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIARTHRITIC AGENT USING IN VITRO MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Diwakar ◽  
Chitra V ◽  
Evelyn Sharon S
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Model

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic potential of Parmelia perlata. Methods: The relative study is based on in vitro anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity using hydroalcoholic extract of P. perlata (HAEPP). The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides since the lichen species of P. perlata has the folklore claim of anti-inflammatory activity, thus it was studied by human red blood cells membrane stabilization method, and arthritic activity was carried using protein denaturation method using diclofenac as a standard.Results: The results showed eminent anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The membrane stabilization showed the maximum effect at 78.54% at the concentration of 1000 μg/, and the protein denaturation was also found maximum at 1000 μg/ml concentration at 79.43%. Thus, our research states the potent anti-inflammatory activity and antiarthritic effect in P. perlata. Conclusion: The HEAPP has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and antiarthritic activity. A further study has to be conducted to establish the pharmacological evidence behind the compound and the mechanism of action of the HAEPP on the inhibition of the inflammation process.

scholarly journals Computational and Pharmacological Studies on the Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activity of Molineria capitulata

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-456
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman Bhuiyan Shovo ◽  
Marzia Rahman Tona ◽  
Jannatul Mouah ◽  
Fayza Islam ◽  
Md. Helal Uddin Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Reduction Capacity ◽  
Pain Inhibition

Molineria capitulata is an ornamental plant that has traditionally been used to treat several chronic diseases. The present study was designed to examine the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of a methanolic extract of M. capitulata leaves (MEMC) using both experimental and computational models. Previously established protocols were used to perform qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening in MEMC. A computational study, including molecular docking and ADME/T analyses, was performed. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents as 148.67 and 24 mg/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed by examining the reducing power of MEMC, resulting in absorbance of 1.87 at 400 µg/mL, demonstrating a strong reduction capacity. The extract exhibited significant protection against blood clotting and showed the highest protein denaturation inhibition at 500 µg/mL. In both the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced paw-licking models, MEMC resulted in significant potential pain inhibition in mice. In the computational analysis, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, orcinol glucoside, curcapital, crassifogenin C, and 2,6-dimethoxy-benzoic acid displayed a strong predictive binding affinity against the respective receptors. These findings indicated that M. capitulata possesses significant pharmacological activities to an extent supported by computational studies.

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