Structure and Properties of “Type IV” Lanthanide Nitrate Hydrate:Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

Physicochemical properties of six Type IV- Deep eutectic solvents formed from ZrOCl2.8H2O/ CeCl3.7H2O with urea, ethylene glycol & glycerol were compared. The study was performed by correlating the properties of DESs with their activity in Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Among the six DESs, lower density, viscosity, higher acidity & thermal stability were observed for DES 1(Deep eutectic solvent developed from ZrOCl2.8H2O and urea at 1: 5 ratio) and is reported as an excellent catalyst and reaction medium for the productive synthesis of α-aminophosphonates within a short period of time. One pot reaction of an aldehyde, dimethyl phosphite and amine (Kabachnik-Fields/ Phospha-Mannich reaction) took place at room temperature to give the corresponding α-aminophosphonates in good yield and the precipitation of these products in to water avoided the regular work up process. Catalyst was recycled up to five times without any loss in its activity.

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Computer Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents: Challenges, Solutions, and Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020645 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 645

Author(s):

Dmitry Tolmachev ◽

Natalia Lukasheva ◽

Ruslan Ramazanov ◽

Victor Nazarychev ◽

Natalia Borzdun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Fundamental Relationship ◽

Computational Research ◽

Technical Features ◽

Biomass Transformation ◽

Do So

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are one of the most rapidly evolving types of solvents, appearing in a broad range of applications, such as nanotechnology, electrochemistry, biomass transformation, pharmaceuticals, membrane technology, biocomposite development, modern 3D-printing, and many others. The range of their applicability continues to expand, which demands the development of new DESs with improved properties. To do so requires an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of DESs. Computer simulation and machine learning techniques provide a fruitful approach as they can predict and reveal physical mechanisms and readily be linked to experiments. This review is devoted to the computational research of DESs and describes technical features of DES simulations and the corresponding perspectives on various DES applications. The aim is to demonstrate the current frontiers of computational research of DESs and discuss future perspectives.

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Molecular simulation of the structure and properties of the deep eutectic solvents ethaline and glyceline

10.1021/scimeetings.0c07440 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Zhang ◽

Edward Maginn ◽

Derrick Poe

Keyword(s):

Molecular Simulation ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Structure And Properties

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Structure–function relationships of deep eutectic solvents for lignin extraction and chemical transformation

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc02439b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 7219-7232

Author(s):

Si Hong ◽

Xiao-Jun Shen ◽

Zhimin Xue ◽

Zhuohua Sun ◽

Tong-Qi Yuan

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Chemical Transformation ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Lignin Extraction

The effect of the structure and properties of DESs on lignin extraction and chemical transformations.

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Computer Simulations of Deep Eutectic Solvents. Challenges, Solutions, and Perspectives

10.20944/preprints202112.0092.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dmitry Tolmachev ◽

Natalia Lukasheva ◽

Ruslan Ramazanov ◽

Victor Nazarychev ◽

Natalia Borzdun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Fundamental Relationship ◽

Computational Research ◽

Technical Features ◽

Biomass Transformation ◽

Do So

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are one of the most rapidly evolving types of solvents, appearing in a broad range of applications such as nanotechnology, electrochemistry, biomass transformation, pharmaceuticals, membrane technology, biocomposite development, modern 3D-printing, and many others. The range of their applicability continues to expand, which demands the development of new DESs with improved properties. To do so requires an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of DESs. Computer simulation and machine learning techniques provide a fruitful approach as they can provide predictions, reveal physical mechanisms and readily be linked to experiments. This review is devoted to the computational research of DESs and describes technical features of DES simulations and the corresponding perspectives on various DES applications. The aim is to demonstrate the current frontiers of computational research of DESs and discuss future perspectives.

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The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025458 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 279-282

Author(s):

A. Antalová

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Fourier Analysis ◽

Sunspot Cycle ◽

List Type ◽

Type Number ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Type Iv ◽

Long Duration ◽

Cycle Maximum ◽

Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

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Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111367 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

G. D. Gagne ◽

M. F. Miller ◽

D. A. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Type I ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tubular Structures ◽

Type Iii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

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Effects of EDTA, Hyaluronidase and Collagenase on Epiphyseal Cartilage Matrix

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100020 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 56-57

Author(s):

H. Clarke Anderson ◽

Priscilla R. Coulter

Keyword(s):

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Matrix Vesicles ◽

Cartilage Matrix ◽

Collagen Fibrils ◽

Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽

Dense Matrix ◽

Type Iv ◽

Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase ◽

The Matrix ◽

Testicular Hyaluronidase

Epiphyseal cartilage matrix contains fibrils and particles of at least 5 different types: 1. Banded collagen fibrils, present throughout the matrix, but not seen in the lacunae. 2. Non-periodic fine fibrils <100Å in diameter (Fig. 1), which are most notable in the lacunae, and may represent immature collagen. 3. Electron dense matrix granules (Fig. 1) which are often attached to fine fibrils and collagen fibrils, and probably contain protein-polysaccharide although the possibility of a mineral content has not been excluded. 4. Matrix vesicles (Fig. 2) which show a selective distribution throughout the epiphysis, and may play a role in calcification. 5. Needle-like apatite crystals (Fig. 2).Blocks of formalin-fixed epiphysis from weanling mice were digested with the following agents in 0.1M phosphate buffer: a) 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at pH 8.3, b) 0.015% bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Sigma, type IV, 750 units/mg) at pH 5.5, and c) 0.1% collagenase (Worthington, chromatograhically pure, 200 units/mg) at pH 7.4. All digestions were carried out at 37°C overnight. Following digestion tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine changes in the various fibrils and particles of the matrix.

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Structure of second phases in TiAl alloys containing Cr and B

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087197 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Ernest L. Hall ◽

Shyh-Chin Huang

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Second Phase ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Tial Alloys ◽

Second Phases ◽

Interstitial Elements

Addition of interstitial elements to γ-TiAl alloys is currently being explored as a method for improving the properties of these alloys. Previous work in which a number of interstitial elements were studied showed that boron was particularly effective in refining the grain size in castings, and led to enhanced strength while maintaining reasonable ductility. Other investigators have shown that B in γ-TiAl alloys tends to promote the formation of TiB2 as a second phase. In this study, the microstructure of Bcontaining TiAl alloys was examined in detail in order to describe the mechanism by which B alters the structure and properties of these alloys.

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