Variations in chemistry of airborne particulate material with particle size and time

Samples of airborne particulate matter were collected in four sites along an east-west line from the Popocatépetl volcano after the eruption episode of June 30, 1997. The Popocatépetl volcano, with variable activity since it was known, is currently under low but continuous activity prolonged for almost one decade, with occasional moderate eruption episodes producing mainly fumes, ashes and volcanic dusts. The main objective of this study is to determine whether or not some elements have increased their presence in the atmosphere as a result of the volcanic activity, and also if some others, not usually found in urban aerosols, have appeared because of the same reason. In addition, the information obtained will be a source of scientific data for health risk assessment of the population exposed to volcanic emanations. The sample collection was performed on alternate days from July 10 to August 13 1997 in Puebla and Atlixco in Puebla State. Tlalpan within Mexico City, and Salazar in the State of Mexico. Two samples a day were taken in two periods: 7-19 h and 19-7 h. The samplers separated particles into two particle size fractions. PM25 and PM15. Elemental concentrations were determined by PIXE and the results obtained showed increased concentrations of mainly Ti and Fe in all sampling sites, thus indicating a long range transportation of volcanic dusts in both particle size fractions. Concentrations of Ti were found clearly above the average values of urban areas such as Mexico City, and although this element can be considered of low toxicity, the biological, metabolic and toxic effects on human beings are still under investigation.

Download Full-text

Airborne infection in a fully air-conditioned hospital: III. Transport of gaseous and airborne particulate material along ventilated passageways

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400047057 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

O. M. Lidwell

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Effective Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Constant ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Airborne Infection ◽

Directional Flow ◽

A Value

SUMMARYA mathematical model is described for the transport of gaseous or airborne particulate material between rooms along ventilated passageways.Experimental observations in three hospitals lead to a value of about 0.06m.2/sec. for the effective diffusion constant in air without any systematic directional flow. The ‘constant’ appears to increase if there is any directional flow along the passage, reaching about 0.12 m.2/sec. at a flow velocity of 0.04 m./sec.Together with previously published methods the present formulae make it possible to calculate the expected average amounts of gaseous or particulate material that will be transported from room to room in ventilated buildings in which the ventilation and exchange airflows can be calculated.The actual amounts transported in occupied buildings, however, vary greatly from time to time.

Download Full-text

Particle size, morphology and characterization of indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter for toxic metals in Karachi

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-020-02771-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3969-3982 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Ali ◽

I. Adil ◽

A. Magsi ◽

E. Asif

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Toxic Metals ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

Download Full-text

Determination of Sb, Ni and V in slurry from airborne particulate material collected on filter by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Talanta ◽

10.1016/0039-9140(93)80101-v ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1815-1822 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Manuel C. Carneiro ◽

Reinaldo C. Campos ◽

Adilson J. Curtius

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption

Download Full-text

A Technique for Collecting, Mounting, and Sectioning Airborne Particulate Material

Science ◽

10.1126/science.118.3069.490 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 118 (3069) ◽

pp. 490-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. D. Cadle ◽

A. G. Wilder ◽

C. F. Schadt

Keyword(s):

Particulate Material ◽

Airborne Particulate

Download Full-text

Temporal Variation of Radiocarbon Concentration in Airborne Particulate Matter in Tokyo

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200039795 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 485-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ken Shibata ◽

Michio Endo ◽

Naomichi Yamamoto ◽

Jun Yoshinaga ◽

Yukio Yanagisawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Coarse Particles ◽

Particle Size Fraction ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Carbonaceous Particles ◽

Secondary Particles ◽

Insight Into

The temporal radiocarbon variation (in terms of percent Modern Carbon: pMC) of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter (APM) collected in Tokyo between April 2002 and February 2003 was analyzed in order to get an insight into the sources of carbonaceous particles. Results indicated significant biogenic origins (approximately 40 pMC on average). In general, the seasonal and particle size variations in pMC were relatively small, with 2 exceptions: elevated pMC in coarse particles in April and October 2002, and relatively low pMC in the finest particle size fraction collected in August 2002. The former finding could be tentatively attributed to the abundance of coarse particles of biological origins, such as pollen; the latter might be due to an increased fraction of anthropogenic secondary particles.

Download Full-text

Size distribution and single particle characterization of airborne particulate matter collected in a silicon carbide plant

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts ◽

10.1039/c8em00518d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 564-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Torunn Kringlen Ervik ◽

Nathalie Benker ◽

Stephan Weinbruch ◽

Yngvar Thomassen ◽

Dag G. Ellingsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Carbide ◽

Particle Size ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Size Range ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Aerodynamic Diameter ◽

Particle Characterization ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Detailed Characterization

A detailed characterization of particles as a function of particle size in the size range of 10 nm to 10 µm (aerodynamic diameter) collected from a silicon carbide plant in Norway.

Download Full-text

NEURODEGENERATIVE EFFECT OF NANOSIZED URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATERIAL (NPM)

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igx004.2232 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 633-633

Author(s):

M. Cacciottolo ◽

T. Morgan ◽

A. Saffari ◽

C. Sioutas ◽

J. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Material ◽

Airborne Particulate

Download Full-text

Laboratory evaluation of airborne particulate control treatments for simulated aircraft crash recovery operations involving carbon fiber composite materials

Journal of Emergency Management ◽

10.5055/jem.2015.0256 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 468 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Ferreri, MS, CIH ◽

Jeremy Slagley, PhD, CIH, CSP ◽

Daniel Felker, PhD

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Composite Fiber ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Median Diameter ◽

Particulate Control ◽

Crash Recovery ◽

Aircraft Crash

Objective: This study compared four treatment protocols to reduce airborne composite fiber particulates during simulated aircraft crash recovery operations. Design: Four different treatments were applied to determine effectiveness in reducing airborne composite fiber particulates as compared to a “no treatment” protocol. Both “gold standard” gravimetric methods and real-time instruments were used to describe mass per volume concentration, particle size distribution, and surface area. The treatment protocols were applying water, wetted water, wax, or aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to both burnt and intact tickets of aircraft composite skin panels. The tickets were then cut using a small high-speed rotary tool to simulate crash recovery operations.Setting: Aerosol test chamber.Subjects, participants: None.Interventions: Airborne particulate control treatments.Main outcome measures: Measures included concentration units of milligrams per cubic meter of air, particle size distribution as described by both count median diameter and mass median diameter and geometric standard deviation of particles in micrometers, and surface area concentration in units of square micrometers per cubic centimeter. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation was run on the particle size distribution results. Comparison was made via one-way analysis of variance.Results: A significant difference (p < 0.0001) in idealized particle size distribution was found between the water and wetted water treatments as compared to the other treatments for burnt tickets.Conclusions: Emergency crash recovery operations should include a treatment of the debris with water or wetted water. The resulting increase in particle size will make respiratory protection more effective in protecting the response crews.

Download Full-text

Lattice Constant and Crystallite Size of Condensed Gold Vapor

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800004444 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 250-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frank G. Karioris ◽

Jerome J. Woyci ◽

Richard R. Buckrey

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Melting Point ◽

Crystallite Size ◽

Lattice Constant ◽

Isothermal Annealing ◽

Barometric Pressure ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Gold Wires ◽

And Behavior

AbstractGold wires were vaporized by the exploding-wire phenomenon using a 20 μF capacitor bank charged to voltages up to 14 kV. The resulting condensate, an aerosol or metallic smoke, was collected on membrane filters and subjected to X-ray analysis to determine lattice constant, crystallite size, and behavior with isothermal annealing. Wire explosions were conducted in au ambient atmosphere of ait or nitrogen at barometric pressure. It is estimated that the quench rate for this material is of the order of 108 deg/sec from the melting point although no substrate is involved and it is expected that any effects of epitaxial origin on the structure would be minimized.Before annealing, diffractograms showed broad peaks apparently shifted to the high-angle side. Line breadth may be attributed primarily to particle size broadening, since ft correlates well with size determined by electron microscopy, (β cos θ) is linear with θ, and [(β cos θ)/λ] is approximately constant for three radiations used. Crystallite size is of the order of 400 Å and is observed to decrease roughly with increasing voltage used for vaporization. The observed lattice decrement, approximately 0.2%, generally increases with voltage used for vaporization, and apparently correlates rather well with the inverse of sise as has been reported in some work on thin gold films. However, studies of colloidal gold particles do not show significant lattice shifts, although the particle size is less than 100 Å so that the decrements observed may be due to factors other than size alone. For this black, particulate material, some lattice decrement apparently persists even after protracted isothermal annealing below the melting point. Crystallite size increases with annealing but remains below about 1000 Å. Results suggest that the lattice decrements observed in condensed gold vapor are due to surface tension effects and the presence of vacancy aggregates.

Download Full-text