scholarly journals Continuous High Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Oleic Acid Based Wastewater is Possible after a Step Feeding Start-Up

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2931-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana J. Cavaleiro ◽  
Andreia F. Salvador ◽  
Joana I. Alves ◽  
Madalena Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Start Up

Start-Up, Operation, Monitoring and Control of High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 207-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Hickey ◽  
W.-M. Wu ◽  
M. C. Veiga ◽  
R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Operating Experience ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control

High-rate anaerobic treatment has emerged as a viable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and municipal wastewaters. A number of different process options have been reduced to practice, although some configurations are clearly more well developed than others. One common thread that links these various processes (principally the Anaerobic Filter, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Expanded/Fluidized Bed Reactors), is the ability to effectively separate solids and hydraulic retention times. This permits design to be based upon the degradative capacity of the anaerobes, not growth rate and results in reduction of treatment times from days (typical for conventional digester systems) to hours. This article compares and contrasts the principles of start-up and operation of these different high-rate anaerobic systems based upon laboratory research and full-scale operating experience gained over the past two decades. The application of anaerobic processes for treatment of certain toxic and hazardous waste streams is just beginning. The limited work performed to date and anticipated future needs for process monitoring and control are also presented in this article.

High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Anaerobic mesophilic treatment of synthetic (a mixture of acetate and methanol) and thermomechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater was studied in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and filters with emphasis on the process start-up. The reactors were inoculated with nongranular sludge. The start-up of mesophilic and thermophilic processes inoculated with mesophilic granular sludge was investigated in UASB reactors fed with diluted vinasse. The start-up proceeded faster in the filters than in the UASB reactors with TMP and synthetic wastewater. Loading rates of over 15 kgCODm−3d−1 with 50-60 % COD removal efficiencies were achieved in 10 days in the mesophilic and in 50 days in the thermophilic UASB reactor treating vinasse. The results show that high-rate anaerobic treatment can be applied to different types of industrial wastewaters under varying conditions.

The Start-Up, Operation and Monitoring of High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment Systems: Discusser's Report

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Weiland ◽  
A. Rozzi
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control

The reduction of the duration of start-up and the improvement of process control are important factors in order to increase the competitiveness of anaerobic high-rate reactor systems. This paper discusses and reviews the specific similarities and differences of UASB, filter and expanded/fluidized bed reactors with respect to start-up, operation, parameter monitoring and process control. The influence of microbial, biochemical and physical parameters upon reactor start-up and process performance is evaluated and methods for process monitoring and control are described. The different role of stability indicators, which give an early warning signal of oncoming unstable process conditions, and control variables, which must be kept constant during operation, is discussed with respect to process control and reactor start-up. The merits and weak points of each reactor system are presented and all systems are qualitatively compared.

Laboratory studies on enhancement of granulation in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Wirtz ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Time Required

The phenomenon of granulation was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating a synthetic sucrose wastewater. The objective was to study methods of minimizing the time typically required for start-up of high rate anaerobic processes, such as the ASBR, when utilizing biomass from typical anaerobic digesters. More specifically, the goal was to develop granular biomass soon after initial start-up of the ASBR in order to decrease the overall time required to achieve high rate anaerobic treatment. Laboratory-scale ASBRs were seeded with anaerobically digested municipal biosolids and operated until granulation was observed. Granule development was measured by determination of the average particle diameter of a representative sample of biosolids from the ASBRs. Cationic polymer was added to the test ASBR to enhance rapid granule development and to aid in start-up. Cationic polymer addition reduced the time required to form granules by approximately 75 % compared to an un-enhanced control ASBR.

High-rate anaerobic treatment of purified terephthalic acid wastewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kleerebezem ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
In Series ◽  
Purified Terephthalic Acid

During production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) a concentrated waste stream is generated, containing both readily (acetate and benzoate) and slowly (terephthalate and para-toluate) degradable organic substrates. Based on our experimental experiences with the anaerobic treatment of this waste stream, this paper presents an optimized concept for start-up and operation of a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor system. Based on considerations concerning the optimal conditions for cultivation of the specific types of biomass degrading the different substrates, and considerations concerning sodium-hydroxide requirements for pH-control, a gradual transition between initial operation in parallel to operation in series is suggested.

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

The Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Biofilter Process

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Kaiser ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
In Series ◽  
Two Temperature

The “temperature-phased anaerobic biofilter” or TPAB process (U.S. Patent pending), is a new high-rate anaerobic treatment system that includes a thermophilic (56°C) biofilter connected in series with a mesophilic (35°C) biofilter providing for two-temperature, two-phase treatment. Three TPAB systems of different thermophilic:mesophilic reactor size ratios were operated at system HRTs of 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs to characterize performance and to determine if an optimum size ratio exists between the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. The three TPAB systems achieved SCOD reductions in excess of 97% and TCOD reductions in excess of 90% for a synthetic milk substrate over a range of system COD loadings from 2 g COD/L/day to 16 g COD/L/day. There was little difference in performance between the three TPAB systems based on COD reduction and methane production. The 1:7 ratio of thermophilic:mesophilic phase TPAB system performed as well as the 1:3 and 1:1 size ratio TPAB systems. In applications of the process, a relatively small thermophilic first-phase can be used without sacrificing overall two-phase system performance. The TPAB process is a promising new anaerobic treatment technology with the ability to achieve higher efficiencies of organic removals than is generally possible for single-stage anaerobic filter systems operated at equivalent HRTs and organic loadings.

Advances in high rate anaerobic treatment: staging of reactor systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. van Lier ◽  
F.P. van der Zee ◽  
N.C.G. Tan ◽  
S. Rebac ◽  
R. Kleerebezem
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Solids Retention

Anaerobic wastewater treatment (AnWT) is considered as the most cost-effective solution for organically polluted industrial waste streams. Particularly the development of high-rate systems, in which hydraulic retention times are uncoupled from solids retention times, has led to a world-wide acceptance of AnWT. In the last decade up to the present, the application potentials of AnWT are further explored. Research shows the feasibility of anaerobic reactors under extreme conditions, such as low and high temperatures. Also toxic and/or recalcitrant wastewaters, that were previously believed not to be suitable for anaerobic processes, are now effectively treated. The recent advances are made possible by adapting the conventional anaerobic high-rate concept to the more extreme conditions. Staged anaerobic reactor concepts show advantages under non-optimal temperature conditions as well as during the treatment of chemical wastewater. In other situations, a staged anaerobic - aerobic approach is required for biodegradation of specific pollutants, e.g. the removal of dyes from textile processing wastewaters. The current paper illustrates the benefits of reactor staging and the yet un-exploited potentials of high-rate AnWT.

High-rate anaerobic treatment of Fischer–Tropsch wastewater in a packed-bed biofilm reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2745-2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Majone ◽  
Federico Aulenta ◽  
Davide Dionisi ◽  
Ezio N. D'Addario ◽  
Rosa Sbardellati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fischer Tropsch

Anaerobic digestion for sustainable development: a natural approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pre Treatment

After the discovery of methane gas by Alessandro Volta in 1776, it took about 100 years before anaerobic processes for the treatment of wastewater and sludges were introduced. The development of high rate anaerobic digesters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater took until the nineteen-seventies and for solid waste even till the nineteen-eighties. All digesters have in common that they apply natural anaerobic consortia of microorganisms for degradation and transformation processes. In view of this, it could be rewarding to evaluate the efficiency of natural ecosystems for their possible application. Examples of high rate anaerobic natural systems include the forestomach of ruminants and the hindgut of certain insects, such as termites and cockroaches. These “natural reactors” exhibit volumetric methane production rates as high as 35 l/l.d. The development of anaerobic reactors based on such natural anaerobic systems could produce eco-technologies for the effective management of a wide variety of solid wastes and industrial wastewater. Important limitations of anaerobic treatment of domestic sewage relate to the absence of nutrient and pathogen removal. A combination of anaerobic pre-treatment followed by photosynthetic post-treatment is proposed for the effective recovery of energy and nutrients from sewage. This eco-technology approach is based on the recognition that the main nutrient assimilating capacity is housed in photosynthetic plants. The proposed anaerobic-photosynthetic process is energy efficient, cost effective and applicable under a wide variety of rural and urban conditions. In conclusion: a natural systems approach towards waste management could generate affordable eco-technologies for effective treatment and resource recovery.

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