Stimuli-Responsive and Structure-Adaptive Three-Dimensional Gold(I) Cluster Cages Constructed via “De-aurophilic” Interaction Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Liang Yan ◽  
Liao-Yuan Yao ◽  
Maggie Ng ◽  
Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Aurophilic Interaction ◽  
Interaction Strategy

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1133-1164
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

scholarly journals Redox-triggered switching in three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Sheng Yin ◽  
Junliang Sun ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Pore Channel ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Conversion Yield ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Reversible Transformation ◽  
Internal Pore

Abstract The tuning of molecular switches in solid state toward stimuli-responsive materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Herein, we report a switchable three-dimensional covalent organic framework (3D COF), which can undergo a reversible transformation through a hydroquinone/quinone redox reaction while retaining the crystallinity and porosity. Our results clearly show that the switching process gradually happened through the COF framework, with an almost quantitative conversion yield. In addition, the redox-triggered transformation will form different functional groups on the pore surface and modify the shape of pore channel, which can result in tunable gas separation property. This study strongly demonstrates 3D COFs can provide robust platforms for efficient tuning of molecular switches in solid state. More importantly, switching of these moieties in 3D COFs can remarkably modify the internal pore environment, which will thus enable the resulting materials with interesting stimuli-responsive properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical stimulation of single cells by reversible host-guest interactions in 3D microscaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. eabc2648
Author(s):  
Marc Hippler ◽  
Kai Weißenbruch ◽  
Kai Richler ◽  
Enrico D. Lemma ◽  
Masaki Nakahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Traction Forces ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Laser Lithography ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Tensional Homeostasis ◽  
Myosin Motors

Many essential cellular processes are regulated by mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive composite scaffolds fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) laser lithography to simultaneously stretch large numbers of single cells in tailored 3D microenvironments. The key material is a stimuli-responsive photoresist containing cross-links formed by noncovalent, directional interactions between β-cyclodextrin (host) and adamantane (guest). This allows reversible actuation under physiological conditions by application of soluble competitive guests. Cells adhering in these scaffolds build up initial traction forces of ~80 nN. After application of an equibiaxial stretch of up to 25%, cells remodel their actin cytoskeleton, double their traction forces, and equilibrate at a new dynamic set point within 30 min. When the stretch is released, traction forces gradually decrease until the initial set point is retrieved. Pharmacological inhibition or knockout of nonmuscle myosin 2A prevents these adjustments, suggesting that cellular tensional homeostasis strongly depends on functional myosin motors.

scholarly journals Control-Based 4D Printing: Adaptive 4D-Printed Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
Akif Kaynak ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi ◽  
Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽  
Saleh Gharaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dynamic Structures ◽  
And Control

Building on the recent progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing to produce dynamic structures, this study aimed to bring this technology to the next level by introducing control-based 4D printing to develop adaptive 4D-printed systems with highly versatile multi-disciplinary applications, including medicine, in the form of assisted soft robots, smart textiles as wearable electronics and other industries such as agriculture and microfluidics. This study introduced and analysed adaptive 4D-printed systems with an advanced manufacturing approach for developing stimuli-responsive constructs that organically adapted to environmental dynamic situations and uncertainties as nature does. The adaptive 4D-printed systems incorporated synergic integration of three-dimensional (3D)-printed sensors into 4D-printing and control units, which could be assembled and programmed to transform their shapes based on the assigned tasks and environmental stimuli. This paper demonstrates the adaptivity of these systems via a combination of proprioceptive sensory feedback, modeling and controllers, as well as the challenges and future opportunities they present.

scholarly journals A Three-Dimensional Collagen-Elastin Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmei Wang ◽  
Mir Ali ◽  
Carla Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Integrin Β1 ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
3D Collagen

Since most of the body’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of collagen and elastin, we believe the choice of these materials is key for the future and promise of tissue engineering. Once it is known how elastin content of ECM guides cellular behavior (in 2D or 3D), one will be able to harness the power of collagen-elastin microenvironments to design and engineer stimuli-responsive tissues. Moreover, the implementation of such matrices to promote endothelial-mesenchymal transition of primary endothelial cells constitutes a powerful tool to engineer 3D tissues. Here, we design a 3D collagen-elastin scaffold to mimic the native ECM of heart valves, by providing the strength of collagen layers, as well as elasticity. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were encapsulated in the collagen-elastin hydrogels and valve endothelial cells (VECs) cultured onto the surface to create an in vitro 3D VEC-VIC co-culture. Over a seven-day period, VICs had stable expression levels of integrin β1 and F-actin and continuously proliferated, while cell morphology changed to more elongated. VECs maintained endothelial phenotype up to day five, as indicated by low expression of F-actin and integrin β1, while transformed VECs accounted for less than 7% of the total VECs in culture. On day seven, over 20% VECs were transformed to mesenchymal phenotype, indicated by increased actin filaments and higher expression of integrin β1. These findings demonstrate that our 3D collagen-elastin scaffolds provided a novel tool to study cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions in vitro, promoting advances in the current knowledge of valvular endothelial cell mesenchymal transition.

scholarly journals Stimuli-responsive composite biopolymer actuators with selective spatial deformation behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (25) ◽  
pp. 14602-14608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushu Wang ◽  
Wenwen Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xuan Mu ◽  
Shengjie Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Spatial Deformation ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Actuator System ◽  
Site Selective ◽  
Multilayer Actuators

Bioinspired actuators with stimuli-responsive and deformable properties are being pursued in fields such as artificial tissues, medical devices and diagnostics, and intelligent biosensors. These applications require that actuator systems have biocompatibility, controlled deformability, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and stable reversibility. Herein, we report a bionic actuator system consisting of stimuli-responsive genetically engineered silk–elastin-like protein (SELP) hydrogels and wood-derived cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which respond to temperature and ionic strength underwater by ecofriendly methods. Programmed site-selective actuation can be predicted and folded into three-dimensional (3D) origami-like shapes. The reversible deformation performance of the SELP/CNF actuators was quantified, and complex spatial transformations of multilayer actuators were demonstrated, including a biomimetic flower design with selective petal movements. Such actuators consisting entirely of biocompatible and biodegradable materials will offer an option toward constructing stimuli-responsive systems for in vivo biomedicine soft robotics and bionic research.

Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Nanostructure from Amphiphilic Calix[4]arene and Its Three-Dimensional Dendritic Silver Nanostructure

Langmuir ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 5229-5232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Cho ◽  
Jeong Ku Kang ◽  
Won Seok Han ◽  
Jong Hwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Silver Nanostructure

Three-dimensional protein assemblies directed by orthogonal non-covalent interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (62) ◽  
pp. 9687-9690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Zdravko Kochovski ◽  
Zhongwei Ji ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Guosong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Assemblies ◽  
Covalent Interaction ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Interaction Strategy ◽  
Covalent Interactions

In this report, an orthogonal non-covalent interaction strategy based on specific recognition between sugar and protein, and host–guest interaction, was employed to construct artificial three dimensional (3D) protein assemblies in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Multiscale Wrinkling Patterns on Curved Substrates: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlong Tan ◽  
Biru Hu ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Zengyong Chu ◽  
Wenjian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Mismatch Strain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Wrinkling ◽  
Multiple Length Scales ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Planar Substrates

AbstractThe surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core–shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 278-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

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