Vesicle and Vesicle-Free Extracellular Proteome of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Comparative Analysis with Other Pathogenic Fungi

: By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Isolated from Nine-Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) Reveal Population Structure and Admixture in the Amazon Basin

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7010054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Eduardo Bagagli ◽

Daniel Ricardo Matute ◽

Hans Garcia Garces ◽

Bernardo Guerra Tenório ◽

Adalberto Garcia Garces ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Latin America ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Species Level ◽

Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽

Show Evidence

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal disease to Latin America caused by at least five species-level genotypes of Paracoccidioides, named P. lutzii, P. brasiliensis (S1a and S1b populations), P. americana, P. restrepiensis, and P. venezuelensis. In this manuscript, we report on Paracoccidioides sp. sampling efforts in armadillos from two different areas in Brazil. We sequenced the genomes of seven Paracoccidioides isolates and used phylogenomics and populations genetics for genotyping. We found that P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii are both present in the Amazon region. Additionally, we identified two Paracoccidioides isolates that seem to be the result of admixture between divergent populations within P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. Both of these isolates were recovered from armadillos in a P. lutzii endemic area in Midwestern Brazil. Additionally, two isolates from human patients also show evidence of resulting from admixture. Our results suggest that the populations of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto exchange genes in nature. More generally, they suggest that population structure and admixture within species is an important source of variation for pathogenic fungi.

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Comparative analysis of the cDNA encoding a ClpA homologue of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Mycological Research ◽

10.1017/s0953756205002789 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 109 (6) ◽

pp. 707-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Camargos Oliveira ◽

Nadya Da Silva Castro ◽

Maria Sueli Soares Felipe ◽

Maristela Pereira ◽

Célia Maria De Almeida Soares

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

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Diverse Terpenoids and Their Associated Antifungal Properties from Roots of Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2083

Author(s):

Kaige Zhang ◽

Yifan Jiang ◽

Hongwei Zhao ◽

Tobias G. Köllner ◽

Sumei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽

And Function

Roots provide anchorage and enable the absorption of water and micronutrients from the soil for plants. Besides these essential functions, roots are increasingly being recognized as an important organ for the production of diverse secondary metabolites. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and function of terpenoid secondary metabolites in roots of different cultivars of the popular ornamental plant Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Although C. morifolium is known for rich production of secondary metabolites in its flower heads and leaves, the diversity of secondary metabolites in roots remains poorly characterized. In this study, 12 cultivars of C. morifolium were selected for comparative analysis. From their roots, a total of 20 terpenoids were detected, including four monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes, and one diterpene. The cultivar ‘She Yang Hong Xin Ju’ exhibited the highest concentration of total terpenoids at approximately 730 µg·g−1 fresh weight. Most cultivars contained sesquiterpenes as the predominant terpenoids. Of them, (E)-β-farnesene was detected in all cultivars. Based on their terpenoid composition, the 12 cultivars were planed into four groups. To gain insights into the function of root secondary metabolites, we performed bioassays to assess their effects on growth of three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the root extracts among different cultivars were observed. The cultivar ‘Xiao Huang Ju’ was the only cultivar that had significant inhibitory effects on all three species of fungi. Our study reveals the diversity of terpenoids in roots of C. morifolium and their function as a chemical defense against fungi.

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Virulence Factors IN Fungi OF Systemic Mycoses

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651998000300001 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 125-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cilmery Suemi KUROKAWA ◽

Maria Fátima SUGIZAKI ◽

Maria Terezinha Serrão PERAÇOLI

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Infection Process ◽

Coccidioides Immitis ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Hostile Environments

Pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses retain several factors which allow their growth in adverse conditions provided by the host, leading to the establishment of the parasitic relationship and contributing to disease development. These factors are known as virulence factors which favor the infection process and the pathogenesis of the mycoses. The present study evaluates the virulence factors of pathogenic fungi such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in terms of thermotolerance, dimorphism, capsule or cell wall components as well as enzyme production. Virulence factors favor fungal adhesion, colonization, dissemination and the ability to survive in hostile environments and elude the immune response mechanisms of the host. Both the virulence factors presented by different fungi and the defense mechanisms provided by the host require action and interaction of complex processes whose knowledge allows a better understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic mycoses.

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Molecular Identification of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by PCR Amplification of Ribosomal DNA

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.8.3106-3109.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 3106-3109 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Andrea B. Motoyama ◽

Emerson J. Venancio ◽

Gilberto O. Brandão ◽

Silvana Petrofeza-Silva ◽

Ildinete S. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Molecular Marker ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Intergenic Regions ◽

28S Ribosomal Dna

We have amplified and sequenced the 5.8S and 28S ribosomal DNA genes and intergenic regions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain Pb01. Using primers specifically designed for both ribosomal DNA regions, we were able to discriminate betweenP. brasiliensis and other human pathogenic fungi by PCR. The use of this molecular marker could be important for paracoccidiodomycosis diagnosis and ecological and molecular epidemiological studies of P. brasiliensis in Latin America.

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Comparative analysis of plant-produced, recombinant dimeric IgA against cell wall β-glucan of pathogenic fungi

Biotechnology and Bioengineering ◽

10.1002/bit.26403 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (12) ◽

pp. 2729-2738 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cristina Capodicasa ◽

Marcello Catellani ◽

Ilaria Moscetti ◽

Carla Bromuro ◽

Paola Chiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Pathogenic Fungi

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Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo dimorphism ofSporothrix schenckii,Blastomyces dermatitidis, andParacoccidioides brasiliensisisolates after preservation in mineral oil

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w04-026 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 445-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renata Ferretti de Lima ◽

Marcelly Maria dos Santos Brito ◽

Guido Manoel Vidal Schäffer ◽

Osana Cunha de Lima ◽

Cintia de Moraes Borba

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Morphological Differentiation ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

Morphological differentiation has commanded attention for its putative impact on the pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections. We evaluated in vitro and in vivo the dimorphism from mycelial to yeast-phase of Sporothrix schenckii, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates, two strains for each species, preserved in mineral oil. S. schenckii strains showed typical micromorphology at 25 °C but one strain was unable to complete the dimorphic process in vitro. After in vivo passage through mice the strains had the ability to turn into yeast-like cells and to form colonies on brain-heart infusion medium at 36 °C. B. dermatitidis strains grew as dirty white to brownish membranous colonies at 25 °C and their micromorphology showed thin filaments with single hyaline conidia. At 36 °C the colonies did not differ from those grown at 25 °C, but produced a transitional micromorphology. P. brasiliensis strains grew as cream-colored cerebriform colonies at 25 °C showing a transitional morphology. B. dermatitidis and P. brasiliensis strains did not turn into yeast-like cells in vivo. The present results demonstrate that B. dermatitidis and P. brasiliensis strains were unable to complete the dimorphic process even after in vivo passage, in contrast to the S. schenckii strain.Key words: pathogenic fungi, in vitro storage, in vivo passage, morphogenesis.

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Targeting the Homoserine Dehydrogenase of Paracoccidioides Species for Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00165-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mariane C. Bagatin ◽

Arethusa L. Pimentel ◽

Débora C. Biavatti ◽

Ernani A. Basso ◽

Erika S. Kioshima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Structure ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Homoserine Dehydrogenase ◽

Content Type ◽

Zinc Database ◽

Etiological Agents

ABSTRACT This work evaluated new potential inhibitors of the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase (HSD) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, one of the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis. The tertiary structure of the protein bonded to the analogue NAD, and l-homoserine was modeled by homology. The model with the best output was subjected to gradient minimization, redocking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual screening simulations with 187,841 molecules purchasable from the Zinc database were performed. After the screenings, 14 molecules were selected and analyzed by the use of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity criteria, resulting in four compounds for in vitro assays. The molecules HS1 and HS2 were promising, exhibiting MICs of 64 and 32 μg · ml−1, respectively, for the Pb18 isolate of P. brasilensis, 64 μg · ml−1 for two isolates of P. lutzii, and also synergy with itraconazole. The application of these molecules to human-pathogenic fungi confirmed that the HSD enzyme may be used as a target for the development of drugs with specific action against paracoccidioidomycosis; moreover, these compounds may serve as leads in the design of new antifungals.

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