scholarly journals Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Isolated from Nine-Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) Reveal Population Structure and Admixture in the Amazon Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bagagli ◽  
Daniel Ricardo Matute ◽  
Hans Garcia Garces ◽  
Bernardo Guerra Tenório ◽  
Adalberto Garcia Garces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Show Evidence

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal disease to Latin America caused by at least five species-level genotypes of Paracoccidioides, named P. lutzii, P. brasiliensis (S1a and S1b populations), P. americana, P. restrepiensis, and P. venezuelensis. In this manuscript, we report on Paracoccidioides sp. sampling efforts in armadillos from two different areas in Brazil. We sequenced the genomes of seven Paracoccidioides isolates and used phylogenomics and populations genetics for genotyping. We found that P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii are both present in the Amazon region. Additionally, we identified two Paracoccidioides isolates that seem to be the result of admixture between divergent populations within P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. Both of these isolates were recovered from armadillos in a P. lutzii endemic area in Midwestern Brazil. Additionally, two isolates from human patients also show evidence of resulting from admixture. Our results suggest that the populations of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto exchange genes in nature. More generally, they suggest that population structure and admixture within species is an important source of variation for pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by PCR Amplification of Ribosomal DNA

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3106-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Motoyama ◽  
Emerson J. Venancio ◽  
Gilberto O. Brandão ◽  
Silvana Petrofeza-Silva ◽  
Ildinete S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

We have amplified and sequenced the 5.8S and 28S ribosomal DNA genes and intergenic regions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain Pb01. Using primers specifically designed for both ribosomal DNA regions, we were able to discriminate betweenP. brasiliensis and other human pathogenic fungi by PCR. The use of this molecular marker could be important for paracoccidiodomycosis diagnosis and ecological and molecular epidemiological studies of P. brasiliensis in Latin America.

Recognition of Fungal Components by the Host Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. García-Carnero ◽  
José A. Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Luis M. Salazar-García ◽  
Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez ◽  
Sandra E. González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Fungal Antigens

: By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.

scholarly journals Bioinvasions of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata: Source Estimation Using DNA Sequences at Multiple Intron Loci

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Davies ◽  
Francis X Villablanca ◽  
George K Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Traditional Population

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a devastating agricultural pest that threatens to become established in vulnerable areas such as California and Florida. Considerable controversy surrounds the status of Californian medfly infestations: Do they represent repeated introductions or the persistence of a resident population? Attempts to resolve this question using traditional population genetic markers and statistical methods are problematic because the most likely source populations in Latin America were themselves only recently colonized and are genetically very similar. Here, significant population structure among several New World medfly populations is demonstrated through the analysis of DNA sequence variation at four intron loci. Surprisingly, in these newly founded populations, estimates of population structure increase when measures of subdivision take into account the relatedness of alleles as well as their frequency. A nonequilibrium, likelihood-based statistical test that utilizes multilocus genotypes suggests that the sole medfly captured in California during 1996 was introduced from Latin America and was less likely to be a remnant of an ancestral Californian population. Many bioinvasions are hierarchical in nature, consisting of several sequential or overlapping invasion events, the totality of which can be termed a metainvasion. Phylogenetic data from multilocus DNA sequences will be vital to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie metainvasions and to resolving their constituent levels.

Neurocysticercosis: Report of Unusual Pediatric Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 974-977
Author(s):  
Julie Kim Stamos ◽  
Anne H. Rowley ◽  
Yoon S. Hahn ◽  
Ellen Gould Chadwick ◽  
Peter M. Schsntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Cysticercosis is widely endemic in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The incidence of cysticercosis has been increasing in the United States during the last decade.1 Although an infection still seen primarily in immigrants, it has been reported in increasing numbers in individuals who have close contact with persons who have resided in endemic areas.2 Only 6 cases of cysticercosis in children born in the United States have been reported; in 3 of these cases, the parents were from or had traveled to an endemic area and Taenia ova were recovered from the stools of the parent(s).1,3-6 Because of the prolonged incubation period, cases are rarely seen in infants and young children.4

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

2012 ◽  
pp. 171-173
Author(s):  
Janis E Blair
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Subtropical Forests ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is found only in Latin America. It is endemic in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Most cases (80%) have been reported from Brazil, followed by Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Argentina. Most cases occur in tropical and subtropical forests, where temperatures are mild and humidity is high throughout the year. Infection can be asymptomatic or can cause mucosal lesions involving the mouth, lips, tongue or nose. It can also cause lymphadenopathy, dyspnea, cough, and skin lesions. Diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.

Flood disturbance and shade stress shape the population structure of açaí palm Euterpe precatoria, the most abundant Amazon species

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Heloisa Dantas Brum ◽  
Alexandre F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Human Management

Euterpe precatoria Mart. is the most abundant plant species in the Amazon basin, and one of the main non-timber forest products on the continent. A thorough understanding of the ecology of this species is needed to support sustainable management initiatives. Resource availability, disturbance regime, and human management are some of the main factors influencing population structure. We described the species’ life stages, evaluated its allometric relationships, and assessed the effects of habitat type (floodplain and upland) and proximity to human settlements on population size distribution in the Central Amazon near the Purus River. The height:diameter ratio increased from Seedlings to Juvenile 2, but decreased from Juvenile 2 to Reproductive 2, indicating changing height investment for any given diameter along these life stages. There was a marked habitat dependency in both the density and population size distribution, with populations in upland forests dominated by juveniles, whereas populations in the floodplains were dominated by reproductive palms. Proximity to human settlements was not related to population structure parameters. Our results suggest that the disturbance regime may have opposite meanings in várzea forests, where it limits recruitment under increased light levels, and in terra firme forests, where it may stimulate recruitment under limited light conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Breeding Waters of Anopheles darlingi in Manaus in the Amazon Basin Malaria-Endemic Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise K. J. Nilsson ◽  
Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Marinotti ◽  
Elerson Matos Rocha ◽  
Sebastian Håkansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Malaria Endemic Area

Detecting density dependence from spatial patterns in a heterogeneous subtropical forest of central China

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Guo ◽  
Zhijun Lu ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
Junmeng Lu ◽  
Yaozhan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Central China ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Level Variation

Accumulating evidence suggests that density dependence, whether at early or late life stages, is an important mechanism regulating plant population structure. However, the opposing effects of habitat heterogeneity and species-level variation might have confounded the prevalence of density dependence in natural forests. These compatible ideas were rarely considered simultaneously. In this study, we applied a spatial statistical technique to examine (i) the prevalence of density dependence at late life stages after controlling for habitat heterogeneity and (ii) the relationships between species traits and the strength of density dependence in a newly established, 25 ha subtropical mountain forest plot in central China. Of the 88 (75%) tree species analyzed, 66 were found to exhibit density dependence predominantly at very close distances among neighbors in the species-rich subtropical forest. In addition, the strength of density dependence was associated with species traits. Our findings identified strong density dependence among trees that had greater stature and were rarer. We concluded that density dependence was a prevalent mechanism for regulating the population structure of most tree species and both habitat heterogeneity and species-level variation played crucial roles in shaping the strength of density dependence in natural forests.

scholarly journals Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Armillaria mellea sensu stricto in the Eastern and Western United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 708-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Baumgartner ◽  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Johann Bruhn ◽  
Sarah E. Bergemann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Genetic Pools

Armillaria mellea infects hundreds of plant species in natural and managed ecosystems throughout the Northern hemisphere. Previously reported nuclear genetic divergence between eastern and western U.S. isolates is consistent with the disjunct range of A. mellea in North America, which is restricted mainly to both coasts of the United States. We investigated patterns of population structure and genetic diversity of the eastern (northern and southern Appalachians, Ozarks, and western Great Lakes) and western (Berkeley, Los Angeles, St. Helena, and San Jose, CA) regions of the United States. In total, 156 diploid isolates were genotyped using 12 microsatellite loci. Absence of genetic differentiation within either eastern subpopulations (θST = –0.002, P = 0.5 ) or western subpopulations (θST = 0.004, P = 0.3 ) suggests that spore dispersal within each region is sufficient to prevent geographic differentiation. In contrast to the western United States, our finding of more than one genetic cluster of isolates within the eastern United States (K = 3), revealed by Bayesian assignment of multilocus genotypes in STRUCTURE and confirmed by genetic multivariate analyses, suggests that eastern subpopulations are derived from multiple founder sources. The existence of amplifiable and nonamplifiable loci and contrasting patterns of genetic diversity between the two regions demonstrate that there are two geographically isolated, divergent genetic pools of A. mellea in the United States.

Virulence profiles of ten Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates obtained from armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hebeler-Barbosa ◽  
M. R. Montenegro ◽  
E. Bagagli
Keyword(s):  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus
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