Preference reversal in decision making: The attraction effect in choice and rejection 1The research was funded by a 60% grant of the University of Padua. The authors wish to thank Sandro Bettella for his invaluable technical assistance.

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Colombo ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Barbara Marino
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Response Mode ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Attraction Effect ◽  
Preference Reversal ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Compatibility Theory ◽  
Similar Alternative

When people express a preference between two alternatives A and B in terms of a positive choice of one option, this can exceed in strength the same preference expressed as a rejection of the alternative. This effect of response mode has been interpreted by Shafir (1993) in terms of response compatibility theory, according to which decision makers display an influence of the compatibility between the type of response (choose/reject) and the positive/negative attributes of the options. In the present study we investigated the influence on response mode (choice/rejection) of the attraction effect, in which a decoy similar to one of two options, but lower in value, modifies the share of the option to which it is similar when added to the original set ( Huber, Payne & Puto, 1982 ; Simonson & Tversky, 1992 ). A decoy negative in value, but similar to one of the alternatives was added to a two-option set, one with a high variation in attributes (enriched) and one with a low variation (impoverished). We investigated whether both choice and rejections were influenced by the decoy’s presence, as compared to the baseline two-option condition, and whether, consequently, the pattern of dominance between choice and rejection was modified. We found a pattern of rejection dominance in the two-option condition (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, where the attraction effect was investigated, there was an increase in the proportion of choices (and a correspondent decrease in rejections) of the similar alternative, as compared to the original two-option set, only for the option with low variation in the attributes. For the enriched option, rejection, but not choice, was influenced by the presence of the decoy.

People versus Policies: Decision-makers have divergent preferences for decisions about individuals and equivalent policies that affect individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mauricio Munguia Gomez ◽  
Emma Levine
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
College Admissions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Preference Reversal ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Admissions Officers ◽  
New Type ◽  
Selection Policies

Across nine main studies (N = 7,024) and nine supplemental studies (N = 3,279), we find that people make systematically different choices when choosing between individuals and choosing between equivalent policies that affect individuals. In college admissions and workplace hiring contexts, we randomly assigned participants to select one of two individuals or choose one of two selection policies. People were significantly more likely to choose a policy that would favor a disadvantaged candidate over a candidate with objectively higher achievements than they were to favor a specific disadvantaged candidate over a specific candidate with objectively higher achievements. We document these divergent choices among admissions officers, working professionals, and lay people, using both within-subject and between-subject designs, and across a range of stimuli and decision contexts. We find evidence that these choices diverge because thinking about policies causes people to rely more on their values and less on the objective attributes of the options presented, which overall, leads more people to favor disadvantaged candidates in selection contexts. This research documents a new type of preference reversal in important, real-world decision contexts, and has practical and theoretical implications for understanding why our choices so frequently violate our espoused policies.

What is the Business with AI? Preparing Future Decision Makers and Leaders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena S. Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Business Courses ◽  
College Of Business ◽  
College Of Engineering ◽  
Investment Firm ◽  
Business Curricula ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

With companies now recognizing how artificial intelligence (AI), digitalization, the internet of things (IoT), and data science affect value creation and the maintenance of a competitive advantage, their demand for talented individuals with both management skills and a strong understanding of technology will grow dramatically. There is a need to prepare and train our current and future decision makers and leaders to have an understanding of AI and data science, the significant impact these technologies are having on business, how to develop AI strategies, and the impact all of this will have on their employees’ roles. This paper discusses how business schools can fulfill this need by incorporating AI into their business curricula, not only as stand-alone courses but also integrated into traditional business sequences, and establishing interdisciplinary efforts and collaborative industry partnerships. This article describes how the College of Business and Public Policy (CBPP) at the University of Alaska Anchorage is implementing multiple approaches to meet these needs and prepare future leaders and decision makers. These approaches include a detailed description of CBPP’s first AI course and related student successes, the integration of AI into additional business courses such as entrepreneurship and GSCM, and the creation of an AI and Data Science Lab in partnership with the College of Engineering and an investment firm.

scholarly journals Future Healthcare Workers and Hepatitis B Vaccination: A New Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7783
Author(s):  
Andrea Trevisan ◽  
Paola Mason ◽  
Annamaria Nicolli ◽  
Stefano Maso ◽  
Marco Fonzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University

Before the introduction of universal vaccination, hepatitis B caused high morbidity and mortality, especially among healthcare workers. In the present study, the immune status against hepatitis B was assessed in a cohort of 11,188 students of the degree courses of the School of Medicine of the University of Padua (Italy) who had been subjected to mandatory vaccination in childhood or adolescence and who will be future healthcare workers. The variables that influence the antibody response to vaccination are mainly the age at which the vaccine was administered and sex. If vaccination was administered before one year of age, there is a high probability (around 50%) of having an antibody titer lower than 10 IU/L compared to those vaccinated after one year of age (12.8%). The time between vaccine and analysis is not decisive. Furthermore, female sex, but only if vaccination was administered after one year of age, shows a significant (p = 0.0008) lower percentage of anti-HBs below 10 IU/L and a greater antibody titer (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the differences related to the age of vaccination induce more doubts than answers. The only plausible hypothesis, in addition to the different immune responses (innate and adaptive), is the type of vaccine. This is not easy to verify because vaccination certificates rarely report it.

Future insight to enhance the role of the university in reinforcing patriotism among impaired students from their view point: رؤية مستقبلية لتعزيز دور الجامعة في تعزيز الروح الوطنية لدى الطلاب المعاقين من وجهة نظرهم

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 190-162
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hijab A. Alqahtani Abdullah Hijab A. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The University ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Answering Questions

The current study aimed to reach a theoretical framework of knowledge that enables decision-makers, specialists and experts to define the planning, coordination and innovative roles that the university can play to enhance the national belonging of people with disabilities. The sample of the study consisted of (150) university students with disabilities (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic), who were taken through a comprehensive social survey, which is a descriptive analytical study using the comprehensive social survey approach, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program was used. (SPSS) version (18) in the statistical analysis of the study tool, and scientific and practical results were reached by answering questions, and based on the theoretical framework and those results, a number of recommendations were proposed.

A Study about Factors Influencing the University Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosman Md. Yusoff ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Asad Mubeen ◽  
Kamran Azam
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Data Correlation ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
University Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to find out the empirical relationship and influence of Research Environment, Integration of the university with Industry, High-tech Employment and Professional & Managerial Development on the University Performance.A Questionnaire has been used to collect the data. Correlation and Regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and influence of identified dimensions over the University Performance.The findings of the study show that the identified dimensions significantly relate and influence the University Performance. This study would be helpful for the university administration while making policies to upgrade its performance. Less work has been done in Pakistan for the development of universities. This study distinctively identifies and represents the variables and their influence over the university performance. The findings increase the value of the study as it would help the decision makers at the universities to think ‘out of the box’.

The Discourse of Demetrius Chalcondyles on the Inauguration of Greek Studies at the University of Padua in 1463

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 118-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deno J. Geanakoplos
Keyword(s):  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The West ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University

Few historians today would challenge the dictum that it was the development of Greek studies in the West that did more than any other single factor to enlarge and widen the intellectual horizon of the Italian Renaissance. The broad lines of this pattern of development are now reasonably well known, and scholars are devoting efforts rather to elucidating details in the transmission of Greek learning from Byzantium to Italy. Nevertheless, occasionally a document may be discovered that will not only provide new details but clarify an entire episode of capital importance in the development of Western Greek studies.

scholarly journals Study for a new definition of the southern side of Prato della Valle in Padua, Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Pietrogrande ◽  
Alessandro Dalla Caneva
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Continuous Limit ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University ◽  
Santa Maria

The southern limit of thePrato della Valle space in the southern part of Padua's historical centre, inItaly, was continuously delimited by the boundary wall of the Santa Maria dellaMisericordia convent until the early twentieth century. Its presence was one ofthe elements that more than a century ago inspired the enlightened proposal byDomenico Cerato, a design professor at the University of Padua who had beeninspired by Andrea Memmo, the Superintendent of the Serenissima Republic ofVenice. The straight and continuous limit was replaced by the discontinuousarchitecture of the Foro Boario entrance, built in 1913 according to a designby Alessandro Peretti; this weakened the overall solution based on anelliptical shape, as did the communicative power of the nearby basilica ofSanta Giustina. The examination carried out dwells on these limits, simulatingthe virtual introduction of architecture with a continuous front to thesouthern edge of the Prato della Valle. One example of this type ofarchitecture is the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art built in Kansas City between1930 and 1933, based on a design by the brothers Thomas and William Wight, andexpanded in 1999 based on a design by Steven Hall. The study generallyconfirmed that the compactness of the building's front newly provides strengthto Cerato's design, which gave a sense of unity to the general emptiness thanksto the certainty of its borders, and gives again the Basilica of Santa Giustinaits monumental size. This paper investigates the composition ofheterogeneous fragments, excerpts from the inventory of collective memory, andthe resulting unpredictable architecture in an urban context.

scholarly journals The University of Padua in the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment: The New Academic Building and the Definition of Urban Space

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Stefano Zaggia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Building

The University of Padua in the Renaissance and the Age ofEnlightenment: The New Academic Building and the Definition of Urban Space

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