Serum Retinol, α-tocopherol, and Lipid Peroxide Concentrations in Low-income Indian Pregnant Mothers

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Lohia ◽  
Shobha Udipi ◽  
Padmini Ghugre ◽  
Kishori Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Nutrient Intakes

Serum α-tocopherol, retinol, and malondialdehyde concentrations were measured at 7th month of pregnancy in 122 women from low socio-economic background. Maternal anthropometric measurements, 24-hour nutrient intakes, and pregnancy outcome were recorded. One-third (34.3 %) of mothers had low birth weight babies and 10 % delivered preterm. Maternal diets were inadequate in all the nutrients, the most limiting being vitamin A. Three-fourths of mothers had intakes less than 25 % of the Indian recommended daily intake (RDI) of 600 µg retinol equivalents/day. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations of 98 % were indicative of deficiency and almost half the mothers had low serum retinol concentrations (≤10 µg/dL). Mean malondialdehyde level was 7.0 ± 1.4 nmoles/mL. These values are higher than reports in the literature and were attributable to poor intake of most dietary antioxidants. Malondialdehyde concentrations were negatively correlated with serum α-tocopherol. Birth weight was positively correlated with maternal weight and biceps skinfold thickness, macronutrient intakes, serum retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations. Preterm delivery was associated with low anthropometric measurements and low nutrient intakes especially vitamin A. Mothers who delivered preterm had significantly lower malondialdehyde concentrations than those who delivered at term. The role of antioxidant nutrients, especially vitamin A and oxidative stress in relation to fetal growth and pregnancy outcome among mothers from low socioeconomic settings requires attention.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VARYING PLANES OF WINTER NUTRITION OF BEEF COWS ON CALF PERFORMANCE TO WEANING

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Jordan ◽  
E. E. Lister ◽  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Four Levels

For 4 consecutive years, calf production was compared for Shorthorn cows fed at four levels during winter pregnancy and barn-nursing: (I) ad libitum corn silage plus 1.0 kg mixed hay/100 kg initial body weight daily; (II), (III) and (IV) approximately 80, 60 and 40%, respectively, of level-I intake. Half of the cows on each level received 0.45 kg linseed oilmeal (LOM) per head, daily, and half of both the LOM and no-LOM cows received supplemental vitamin A (84,000 IU per head, weekly).Neither the 4-year average birth weight (32.8, 32.3, 34.8, 32.4 kg for levels I to IV, respectively) nor the 4-year average daily gain to weaning (0.85, 0.89, 0.89, 0.89 kg for levels I to IV, respectively) were significantly different (P > 0.05). The 4-year average wither height and body depth at birth were similarly not different for the four levels. Supplementing the dam’s ration with LOM and/or vitamin A had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on either weight and body measurements at birth or gain to weaning. It was only during year 3, when level-IV cows’ (non-LOM-supplemented) daily intake was 0.033 kg digestible protein and 0.36 kg total digestible nutrients per 100 kg initial weight, that protein supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased birth weight and body measurements of their calves. There was little difference in survival of calves from cows fed at different levels or fed LOM versus no LOM. Contrary to expectations, vitamin A-supplemented cows appeared to produce calves with poorer survival.

Adolescent Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
Catherine Stevens-Simon ◽  
Elizabeth R. MCAnarney ◽  
Klaus J. Roghmann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Older Adolescents

Objective. To examine the relationship among maternal age, prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and birth weight in 141 low-income black adolescents and their infants. Study sample. One hundred forty-one consecutively enrolled, low-income, black adolescents who entered prenatal care prior to their 23rd week of gestation, were free of chronic diseases, took no regular medications, had no known uterine anomalies, and gave birth to one live neonate. Results. After controlling for prepregnancy weight and other potentially confounding variables, we found a significant relationship between gestational weight gain and infant birth weight among younger adolescents (&lt;16 years old at conception), but not among older adolescents (16 through 19 years old at conception); younger adolescents contributed more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents. Among younger adolescents the rate of maternal weight gain during the entire gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .40; P &lt; .01), whereas for older adolescents only maternal weight gain during the second half of gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .25, P &lt; .05). Conclusions. The data do not support the thesis that younger adolescents compete with their fetuses for nutrients; in fact, younger study adolescents transferred more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents.

Combined consumption of a single high-dose vitamin A supplement with provision of vitamin A fortified oil to households maintains adequate milk retinol concentrations for 6 months in lactating Moroccan women

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Atalhi ◽  
Asmaa El Hamdouchi ◽  
Amina Barkat ◽  
Khalid Elkari ◽  
Abdeslam Hamrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Moroccan Women ◽  
Serum Retinol Concentration ◽  
To Receive

In Morocco, postpartum women systematically receive a single, high dose of vitamin A (VA; 200 000 IU) within the first month of giving birth and vegetable oil is fortified to increase the VA intake. The efficacy of this combined approach of supplementation and fortification for increasing maternal VA status during lactation is not known. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of postpartum high dose VA supplementation and provision of VA fortified oil for household consumption on plasma and milk retinol concentrations of lactating Moroccan women during the first 6 months after giving birth. Postpartum women aged 19–40 years received a VA supplement and thereafter were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive weekly vitamin A fortified oil (FO) or non-fortified oil (NFO) for 6 months. Serum retinol concentration was higher in the FO group than in the NFO group at 6 months after giving birth (p < 0.0001). Milk retinol per gram fat at baseline did not differ by group; by 3 months after giving birth, milk retinol per gram fat was higher in the FO group than in the NFO group (p = 0.02) and remained higher throughout the 6 months (p < 0.0001). The combination of supplementation and fortification has a more sustained impact on milk retinol concentrations than supplementation alone, which did not have a sustained impact on milk VA concentrations. The fortification approach seems to be more effective for maintaining adequate milk VA concentrations among lactating Moroccan women. Fortification seems to be a long-term solution for the problem of VA deficiency, especially among women in low-income communities.

Rate and pattern of weight gain in Indian women from the upper income group during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcome

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Raje ◽  
P. Ghugre
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Maternal weight gain and pattern of weight gain during pregnancy influence the ultimate outcome of pregnancy. Pregravid body mass index (BMI), maternal dietary intake, maternal height and age all determine the weight gain during pregnancy. The study was taken up with an objective to observe maternal weight gain and its pattern in pregnancy in women from an upper income group and to find out their association with pregnancy outcome. 180 normal primiparous pregnant Indian women (20–35 years) from an upper income group were recruited between the 10th and 14th weeks of pregnancy and were followed up throughout their pregnancy to record total and trimester-wise weight gain. Neonatal birth weights were recorded. The results showed that mothers with high pregravid BMI gained more weight during pregnancy than the recommended weight gain; in addition, weight gain in the first trimester was significantly correlated with birth weight of the neonates (P = 0.019). Significant correlation was found between weight gain in the third trimester and birth weight of the neonate irrespective of maternal BMI. The rate of weight gain was significantly correlated with neonatal birth weights irrespective of maternal pregravid BMI (P = 0.022) and as per its categories (P = 0.027). Thus, overall it can be concluded that adequate maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy is important for adequate weight gain by the mother and can result in better outcome of pregnancy. The rate of weight gain is also an important contributing factor.

scholarly journals Maternal vitamin D and neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal glycaemia: Belfast Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Casey ◽  
Ann McGinty ◽  
Valerie A. Holmes ◽  
Chris C. Patterson ◽  
Ian S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a common occurrence globally, and particularly so in pregnancy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of vitamin D during pregnancy in non-skeletal health outcomes for both the mother and the neonate. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of maternal total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) with neonatal anthropometrics and markers of neonatal glycaemia in the Belfast centre of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. Serological samples (n 1585) were obtained from pregnant women in the Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, between 24 and 32 weeks’ gestation as part of the HAPO study. 25OHD concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem-MS. Cord blood and neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained within 72 h of birth. Statistical analysis was performed. After adjustment for confounders, birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) and birth length SDS were significantly associated with maternal total 25OHD. A doubling of maternal 25OHD at 28 weeks’ gestation was associated with mean birth weight SDS and mean birth length SDS higher by 0·05 and 0·07, respectively (both, P=0·03). There were no significant associations with maternal 25OHD and other measures of neonatal anthropometrics or markers of neonatal glycaemia. In conclusion, maternal total 25OHD during pregnancy was independently associated with several neonatal anthropometric measurements; however, this association was relatively weak.

scholarly journals Healthy birth weight results in higher vitamin A storage in neonate piglets administered high-dose supplements

2015 ◽  
Vol 240 (10) ◽  
pp. 1378-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K Heying ◽  
Elizabeth Hovel ◽  
Sherry A Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
The Times

A proposed intervention for newborn infants in countries with suspected vitamin A (VA) deficiency is to administer 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate at birth to reduce mortality risk. However, no studies have investigated birth weight effects. In this study, low birth weight (LBW; <1 kg, n = 18) and healthy birth weight (HBW) piglets (>1.5 kg, n = 18) from VA-depleted sows were dosed with 25,000 or 50,000 IU retinyl palmitate (26.2 or 52.4 µmol retinol equivalents) at birth to compare VA reserves. Blood was collected at varying times ( n = 3–5/time/dose), and piglets were killed at 12 or 24 h for blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, adrenal gland, and intestinal contents. HBW piglets had significantly higher birth, death, and organ weights than LBW ( P < 0.0001 for all). HBW and LBW piglets, which received VA, had higher liver and kidney VA concentrations (0.18 ± 0.09, 0.24 ± 0.10 µmol/g liver and 13.4 ± 4.1, 14.2 ± 4.5 nmol/g kidney, respectively) than controls ( n = 10) (0.051 ± 0.01 µmol/g liver and 1.01 ± 0.43 nmol/g kidney) ( P = 0.0061 and < 0.0001, respectively). Total liver (9.75 ± 5.16 µmol) and kidney retinol (204 ± 79.1 nmol) were higher in HBW than LBW piglets ( P < 0.0001). Extrahepatic tissues, except lung, had higher VA concentration than controls ( P < 0.0001). Serum retinol and ester concentrations were higher in treated than control piglets ( P = 0.0028, P < 0.0001, respectively), and significantly changed during the times sampled ( P = 0.022, P = 0.011, respectively). Peak serum retinyl ester concentrations, which occurred at 3 h, were higher in piglets that received 50,000 IU (4.2 ± 4.4 µmol/L) than 25,000 IU (2.7 ± 2.3 µmol/L) ( P = 0.031). Regardless of dose amount, HBW piglets stored more supplemental VA than LBW piglets when administered at birth.

scholarly journals Anthropometric measurements of a neonate vis-a-vis maternal nutritional status

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Surinder Singh ◽  
Pancham Kumar ◽  
B. R. Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status

Background: The incidence of low birth weight i.e. <2500gm babies in India is 30-40% as compared to 7.5% in the developed world. The objective of this study was to find correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status.Methods:Out of one thousand twelve live births during the study period 529 newborns which were fulfilling the required criteria were enrolled in the study. All the enrolled newborns were assessed for weight, length, OFC, MAC, MAC/OFC and Ponderal index. Maternal nutritional status was assessed by maternal weight, maternal height and BMI. Maternal data also comprised of demographic and social factors viz. maternal age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, maternal education, occupation, parity, residence, altitude and antenatal care. The correlation between neonatal anthropometric indices and maternal nutritional status was studied using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study population had mean maternal weight 50.0593±7.97, mean maternal height 154.148±9.0388 and mean body mass index 21.5871±10.458 which were significantly higher than national figure (NFHS 2 data). The mean birth weight was 2822.80±447.64, mean length 48.0319±2.1963, mean OFC 33.6866±1.3510, mean MAC 8.8866±0.8349,MAC/OFC 0.2636±2.039 E-02 .The study showed 29% LBW babies. The study showed highly significant positive relationship between maternal nutritional status assessed by maternal weight, height and BMI; and neonatal anthropometry i.e. birth weight length, OFC MAC, and MAC/OFC ratio.Conclusions:Maternal nutritional status has strong linear correlation with neonatal anthropometry. Shorter and lighter mothers tend to give birth to small babies with lower anthropometric measurements. Improvement in the maternal nutritional status can lead to better neonatal anthropometric indices which can be helpful in decreasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

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